World War I
Europe Plunges Into War
Chapter 13 Section 2 Notes
Introduction
•By 1914, Europe was divided into two ______camps.
–The ______: Great Britain, France and Russia
–The ______: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
•Austria’s declaration of war against Serbia set off a ______within the alliance system…pledged to support each other
The Great War Begins
•Russia began moving its army toward the ______border in response to Austria’s declaration of war against Serbia.
•Russia expected Germany to join Austria, therefore, they also moved their ______to the German border.
•Germany took this as a declaration of ______.
–Germany declared war on ______on 8/1/1914
The Great War Begins (cont.)
•Russia looked to ______for help.
•Before France could react, ______declared war on them, too.
•______declared war on Germany.
Nations Take Sides
Central PowersAllied Powers
I thought Italy was part of the Triple Alliance…
•Italy had been a member of the ______with Germany and A-H.
•However, Italians felt that Germany and A-H ______started a war and changed sides.
A Bloody Stalemate
•Many people felt that the war would be ______.
•By fall of 1914, the war turned into a long and bloody ______.
•This deadlocked region in northern France became known as the ______.
The Conflict Grinds Along
•Germany was facing a war on ______.
•Developed a battle strategy known as the ______.
–Called for attacking and defeating France in the ______then rushing to fight Russia in the ______.
–Why did the Germans think the Schlieffen Plan would work?
The First Battle of Marne
•German leaders needed a ______over France.
•Things looked good for ______at first.
•They entered the outskirts of Paris.
•______, however, regrouped and attacked the Germans.
•After four days of fighting, Germans gave the order to ______.
Single Most Important Event of the War
–Why was the First Battle of the Marne so important?
The Battle on the Eastern Front
•War on the Western Front claimed ______of lives.
•Both sides were still sending millions more men to fight on the ______.
–Stretch of battlefield along the ______border.
•Russians and ______were battling Germans and Austro-Hungarians.
•More ______than in the west.
•______were still common.
Early Fighting
•Russian forces launched an attack into both ______and ______.
•Germans counterattacked and crushed the ______, killing 30,000 Russians.
•Russians drove deep into Austria after two wins.
•Three months later (December 1914) Austrians defeated the Russians and ______out of their country.
Russia Struggles
•Why did Russia struggle so much as the war developed?
Russia’s Asset
•Russian army’s one asset – it’s ______.
•The Russian army, due to it’s ______, managed to hold up hundreds of thousands of German troops on the Eastern Front.
•As a result, Germany could not ______the west.
•Fighting soon spread to ______, Southwest and Southeast ______.
Technology’s Impact on the War
Guided Notes
War in the Trenches
•By 1915, the armies on the Western Front had dug miles of parallel ______to protect themselves from enemy fire.
•This set the stage for ______.
•Soldiers ______each other from the trenches.
•Armies traded huge losses of ______for small land gains.
Trench Life
•Life in trenches was pure ______.
•______
•______
•______– nonexistent
•______– nearly impossible
No Man’s Land
•Space between the trenches = ______.
•When ordered to attack, soldiers would enter this area.
–Faced many rounds of ______
•Stay in the trench?
–Gunfire went right into the trenches, too.
New Tools
•Military strategists were at a loss.
•The new tools of war had not delivered the ______war they expected.
–______
–______
–______
–______
•______
•______killed greater numbers of people more effectively.