Name______
EQ: How is sedimentary rock formed?
What is Sedimentary Rock?
Sedimentary rocks form from particles ______
After sediment has been deposited, the processes of ______change the sediment into ______rock.
Forming of Sedimentary Rock
Weathering- ______
Erosion – ______of ______away from its source
Deposition- the process in which ______settles out of the ______carrying it into layers.
Compaction- the process that ______or layers together.
Cementation- the process in which minerals ______
______
Types of Sedimentary Rock
Geologists classify sedimentary rocks according to the type of ______
There are three major groups of sedimentary rocks: ______, ______, ______.
Clastic Rock
A clastic rock is a sedimentary rock that forms when rock particles are ______(______)
Examples of clastic rocks :
Shale
Shale forms from tiny ______
Shale feels smooth, and ______into flat pieces
Sandstone
Sandstone forms from the sand on beaches, on the ocean floor, in riverbeds, and in ______.
Sandstone is formed when small particles of sand are ______.
Conglomerate and Breccia
Conglomerate is a rock made up of large particles with ______
Breccia is a rock made up of large______with ______edges.
Organic Rocks
Organic rock forms from the remains of ______and are deposit in thick layers.
The term “organic” refers to substances that were once ______.
Three important organic rocks:
Coal
Coal forms from the ______buried in water.
Over ______of years, they slowly ______into coal.
Limestone and Chalk
The ______of living things produces limestone.
______forms from sediments made of ______living things found in the ocean
Chemical Rocks
______forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution______.
Chemical rocks can also form when mineral deposits that are left when ______.
Examples:
______
______
Sedimentary Rock Structures
The most important feature of sedimentary rock is ______
Stratification is the process in which sedimentary rocks are ______.
______differ from one another depending on the kind, size, and color of their ______.
Ripple marks (1) are made by the motion of wind and water waves on ______.
______(2) form when ______sediments at the bottom of a shallow body of water are exposed to air and dry out.
______(3) impressions can be preserved in fine-grained sediments, as ______.
Uses of Sedimentary Rocks
•______are used as building materials.
•The ______in Washington, D.C. is built of sandstone.
•______is also used to make cement.
•______is used as architectural stones for interior building veneers, tiles, window sills and other decorative applications.
•______is used for electricity, steam, heat and coke production.
•______has very few commercial uses. Its inability to break cleanly makes and unreliable physical strength a poor candidate for decorative use.
•______is used for oil and natural gas.
•______is also known as the mineral “______”. It is often used in the chemical industry or for use as a winter highway treatment. Some halite is processed for use as a seasoning for food.
•______uses include: manufacture of wallboard, cement, plaster of Paris, soil conditioning.