Epithelial Tissues
Tissues – Introduction
a group of similar ______specialized to carry on a particular ______
tissue = ______+ ______matrix
– ______portion of a tissue that ______cells
4 types
– ______= protection, secretion, absorption
– ______= support soft body parts and bind structures together
– ______= movement
– ______= conducts impulses used to help control and coordinate body activities
Epithelial Tissues Characteristics
______surface open to the outside or an open internal space (apical surface)
______membrane anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue
lack ______vessels
readily ______(ex. skin healing)
tightly ______with little ______space
Epithelial Classifications
classified based on ______and ______of cell layers
shape
– ______= thin, flat cells
– ______= cube-shaped cells
– ______= tall, elongated cells
number
– ______= single layer
– ______= 2 or more layers
Epithelial Locations
cover body ______, cover and line ______organs, and compose glands
– skin cells, cells that line the stomach and small intestine, inside of your mouth
Simple squamous epithelium
a ______layer of thin, flattened cells
– look like a ______egg
easily ______
common at sites of ______, diffusion, ______; cover surfaces
air sacs of the lungs, walls of capillaries, linings of blood and lymph vessels
Simple cuboidal epithelium
______layer of ______-shaped cells
– centrally located ______
secretion and ______
surface of ovaries, linings of kidney tubules, and linings of ducts of certain glands
Simple columnar epithelium
______layer of cells that are ______than they are ______
– nucleus located near ______mem.
ciliated or nonciliated
some have microvilli
goblet cells = secrete mucus
absorption, secretion, protection
linings of the uterus, stomach, and intestine
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
appear stratified b/c nuclei are at ______or more levels
– ______stratified b/c all cells touch ______mem.
______
goblet cells (secrete mucus)
______, secretion, ______of mucus
linings of respiratory system
Stratified squamous epithelium
______layers of ______cells
named based on appearance of ______layer of cells
______
outer layers of skin, linings of oral cavity, throat, vagina, and anal canal
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
2 or 3 layers of ______cells
______
linings of larger ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas
Stratified columnar epithelium
______and ______
vas deferens, part of the male urethra, parts of the pharynx (throat)
Transitional epithelium
can ______
______(stretching), protection
inner lining of urinary bladder and linings of the ureters and part of urethra
Glandular epithelium
cells that are specialized to ______and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids
______= 1 or more cuboidal or columnar cell
______
salivary glands, sweat glands, endocrine glands
Exocrine vs. Endocrine
______= secrete sub. into ducts that ______onto surfaces
– skin or linings of digestive tract
______= secrete sub. into tissue ______or ______
– hormones
Exocrine glands
______= release watery, protein-rich fluid by exocytosis
– salivary glands, sweat glands
______= lose small portions of their cell body during secretion
– mammary glands, ear wax
______= entire cell lysis (breaks apart) during secretion
– sebaceous glands of the skin
Serous vs. Mucous
______= typically watery with lots of enzymes
– lubrication
______= mucus
– digestive and respiratory systems
– protection
Connective Tissues
Connective Characteristics
______, support, ______, fill spaces, store ______, produce blood cells
widely distributed throughout body
most have a good ______supply
cells are ______apart than in epithelium
plenty of ______matrix
– fibers and a ground substance (solid to semisolid)
Major Cell Types
fixed cells
– ______(fiber builder)= most common; large, star-shaped; produce fibers
– ______cells = large; located near blood vessel; release heparin (prevents blood ______) and histamine (______and allergies)
______cells
– ______(large eater) = carry on phagocytosis
Connective Tissue Fibers
fibroblast produce 3 types of fibers
– collagenous, elastic, and reticular
– ______and ______most abundant
collagenous fibers = great ______strength (resist pulling force)
– ______(muscle to bone) and ______(bone to bone)
– found in ______connective tissues
– a.k.a. ______fibers b/c appear white when grouped together
elastic fibers = ______easily
– thin fibers that ______
– not as strong as collagenous, but return to ______shape after stretching
– a.k.a. ______fibers
reticular fibers = ______support (like a spider’s web)
– thin ______fibers
– highly branched
2 Types of Connective Tissue
connective tissue ______
– ______connective tissue, ______tissue, and dense connective tissue
______connective tissue
– ______, bone, ______
Loose Connective Tissue
a.k.a. ______tissue
bind ______together and holds tissue fluid
main cell type = ______
extracellular matrix = ______-like w/ many collagenous and ______fibers
beneath ______, between ______, beneath epithelial tissues
Adipose Tissue
a.k.a. ______
protects, ______, and stores fat
specialized loose connective tissue
– ______(fat cells) store fat droplets with their cytoplasm and enlarge
beneath skin, around kidneys, behind ______, surface of the ______
Dense Connective Tissue
binds ______together
cells = few fibroblasts
extracellular matrix = closely packed, thick collagenous fibers and a network of elastic fibers
______blood supply (heals ______)
tendons, ligaments, deeper layer of skin
Cartilage
cells = ______(cartilage cells)
extracellular matrix = ______, gel-like with collagenous fibers
chondrocytes group together in ______
______(around the cartilage) surrounds cartilaginous structures
– blood supply to cartilage
torn cartilage heals ______
Cartilage – 3 types
3 types based on ______matrix
– hyaline, ______, fibrocartilage
hyaline
– fine ______fibers
– supports, ______, provides framework
– ______, ends of bones, rings in the walls of respiratory passages
elastic
– dense ______fibers
– supports, protects, provides ______framework
– ______(external ear) and parts of ______(voice box)
fibrocartilage
– ______tissue, many collagenous fibers
– supports, protects, absorbs ______
– between ______, knee, ______girdle
Bone
cells = ______(bone cells)
extracellular matrix = ______, full of collagenous fibers, mineral ______provide hardness
matrix forms ______circles
good ______supply (heals ______)
supports, protects, provides ______, produces ______cells
bones of skeleton
Blood
______= formed ______+ ______
– cells (formed elements) = ______, ______, platelets
– matrix = ______(watery)
transports ______, helps maintain homeostasis
throughout body with a closed system of blood vessels and heart chambers
Muscle & Nervous Tissues
Muscle Tissue Characteristics
able to ______in response to specific stimuli
______
attached to bones, in the walls of hollow internal organs, heart
3 types
– ______, smooth, ______
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
a.k.a. ______
found attached to ______
each cell has many nuclei
striations
______control
move head, trunk, limbs, facial expression, laughing, singing, chewing, swallowing, talk, breathe
Smooth Muscle Tissue
a.k.a. ______
found in the walls of hollow organs
– stomach, intestine, urinary bladder, uterus, blood vessels
1 ______per cell
no striations
______-shaped cells
involuntary control
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
a.k.a. ______
found in ______ONLY
1 ______per cell
______cells
striations
involuntary control
Nervous Tissue
transmit ______for coordination, regulation, integration, and sensory reception
______, spinal cord, ______
cells connect to each other and to other body parts
nerve cells called ______