EIS: NGC IVFs & Eye Drops Facility Expansion Project
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION STUDIES
OF
INTRAVENOUS INFUSION FLUIDS AND EYE DROPS PRODUCTION FACILITY PROJECT
PREPARED BY
RAMBIGAS NIGERIA LIMITED
FOR
NIGERIAN – GERMAN CHEMICALS PLC, OTA PLANT
KM 38, ABEOKUTA EXPRESSWAY,
OTA, OGUN STATE
SUBMITTED TO
OGUN STATE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, ABEOKUTA, OGUN STATE.
FEBRUARY, 2010
1
EIS: NGC IVFs & Eye Drops Facility Expansion Project
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTSii
LIST OF TABLESv
LIST OF FIGURESvi
LIST OF APPENDICESvii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMSviii
STUDY TEAMxii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYxiii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTxxi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.0 The Applicant And Background Information. 1
1.1 Nestle Nigeria Plc. 1
1.2 Background Information2
1.3 Legal And Administrative Framework4
1.4 Objectives of EIA / EIS 6
CHAPTER 2 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION AND VIABILITY
2.1 Need for the Project7
2.2 Level of Investment and Envisaged Sustainability of
Project8
2.3 Terms of Reference ( TOR )9
CHAPTER 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1 Nature of Project12
3.2 Project Location12
3.3 Consideration of Project Alternatives 14
3.4 Overview of Project Facilities17
3.5 Process Description20
3.6 Life Cycle Analysis ( inputs & Output Data )25
CHAPTER 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND BASELINE
INFORMATION
4.1 Focus / Approach27
4.2 Site Selection, Preparation & Construction27
4.3 Project Land Area & Ecological Characteristics29
4.4 Geology, Hydrogeology & Climatic Conditions31
4.5 Socio – economic Features34
4.6 Infrastructural Facilities35
4.7 Identification, Quantification & Characterisation of Waste37
CHAPTER 5 ASSOCIATED AND POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS
5.1 Focus / Associated / Potential Impacts and Specific Risk / Hazard
Assessment46
5.2 Impact Assessment Method46
5.3 Estimation of Magnitude and Significance of Potential
Project impacts55
5.4 Hazards and Effects Management Process (HEMP) 59
5.5 Summary of Potential Environmental Risks and
Hazards Associated with Nestle MFE Project60
CHAPTER 6 MITIGATION MEASURES
6.1 Summary of Impacts, Source of Impacts and
Mitigation Measures.62
CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
7.1 EMP / NEMS66
7.2 Objectives of EMP67
7.3 Relationship Between EMS & EMP68
7.4 Supplementary EMP70
7.5 Nestle EMP/S73
7.6 Rehabilitation Plan Following Decommissioning / Closure75
CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 76
BIBLIOGRAPHY 78
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
Table 3.1 : Overview of Project Facilities17
Table 3.2 : Life Cycle Analysis – Showing Inputs, Output &
Losses as Wastes of Raw Material & Finished Products25
Table 3.3 : Life Cycle Analysis – Showing Inputs, Output &
Losses as Wastes of P/Material used for Finished Products26
Table 4.1 : Air Borne Particulates measurement For Factory Complex36
Table 4.2 : Noxious Gases measurement for Project Site (MFE) 38
Table 4.3 : Noxious Gases measurement for
Project Site39
Table 4.4 : Analytical Results of Liquid wastes41
Table 4.5 : Analytical Results of Liquid Wastes Leaving The Factory Complex42
Table 5.1 : Environmental Components / Impact Indicators49
Table 5.2 : Rating Quantification For Impact Assessment50
Table 5.3 : Impact Matrix For Project Construction Phase52
Table 5.4 : Impact Matrix For Project Operation Phase53
Table 5.5 : Estimation of Magnitude and Significance of
Potential impacts of project55
Table 5.6 : Applicable Risks by Project Components58
Table 5.7 : HEMP Methodology59
Table 5.8 : Summary of Potential Environmental risk & Hazards
Associated with the Project 60
Table 6.1 : Potential Negative Impacts & Mitigation measures62
Table 7.1 : Management Plan/ Programme for Nestle MFE (Project Specific)70
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
Figure 3.1 : Schematic Diagram of Old & New Milo Production
Technology Layout.22
Figure 3.2 : Flow Sheet Diagram for Milo Production Using
Band Dryer Technology23
Figure 3.3 : Flow Sheet Diagram for Milo Production Using
Oven Line Technology24
Figure 4.1 : Geological Map of part of South West
of Nigeria – Covering the MFE Project Site30
Figure 4.2 : Well / Borehole log : Lithology &
Construction33
Figure 7.3 : Relationship between EMS & EMP68
Figure 7.4 : Nestle Environmental Management System
(NEMS) Flow Chart.69
LIST OF APPENDICES
PAGES
APPENDIX 1 : Factory Complex layout / Master Plan – showing
the Milo Facility Expansion Project Site Location. 80
2 : Layout of Project Production Block
(Legend 16 & 17 of Appendix 1).80
3 : National & State Environmental laws applicable
to the Food and Drink Industries.82
4 : NEMS – Policy on Environment.84
5 : NEMS – Manual to Staff on health & safety.85
6 : NEMS – Structure / Organogram68
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS
AIE – Agbara Industrial Estate.
AEPSL – Agbara Estate Property Services Limited
BOD – Biological (Biochemical) Oxygen Demand
Ca– Calcium
CacO3–Calcium carbonate
Cm–Centimeter
CSTP–Central Sewage Treatment Plant
COD– Chemical Oxygen Demand
CFC– ChloroFloroCarbon
Cl–Centiliter
Cr–Chromium
Cu –Copper
DO – Dissolved Oxygen
dB –Decibel
DS– Dissolved Solids
EIA– Environmental Impact Assessment
EIS– Environmental Implication Studies / Statement
EMP –Environmental Management Plan
EMS– Environmental Management System
Fe –Iron
FEPA – Federal Environmental Protection Agency
Fig. – Figure
FMEnv – Federal Ministry of Environment
g – Gram
H2O – Water
h – hour
H2S – Hydrogen Sulphide
HCO3– Bicarbonate
H– Hydrogen
ISO – International Organisation for Standardisation
Kg – Kilogram
LGA – Local Government Authority / Area
LP – Low Pressure
LPG – Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Natural Gas)
M3 / d – Meter Cube / Cubic Meter Per day
M2– Meter Square
MFE – Milo Facility Expansion
Mg / L – Milligram Per Liter
Mm – Millimeter
Mg – Manganese
MWth – MegaWatt Thermal
N - Nitrogen
NaOH – Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda)
PHCN – Power Holding Company of Nigeria
NEMS / P– Nestle Environmental Management System / Plan
NH3– Ammonia
NOx– Nitrogen Oxides
NSE – Nigerian Stock Exchange
% - Percentage
ODS – Ozone Depleting Substance
P– Phosphorus
Pb – Lead
PH – Hydrogen ion Concentration
PTF – Petroleum Trust Fund
PVC – Poly Vinyl Chloride
PPm – Part Per Million
QMS – Quality Monitoring Scheme
RH – Relative Humidity
SHE – Safety, Health & Environment
SO2– Sulphur dioxide
TDS – Total Dissolved Solids
TSP – Total Suspended Particulates
TSS – Total Suspended Solids
µ- Micron
µg– Micro – gramme
µs – Micron Siemen
UV – Ultra violet
WWTP – Waste Water Treatment Plant
µg/L – Microgram per Litre
VES – Vertical Electrical sounding
oC – Degree Celsius
WHO– World Health Organisation.
EIS TEAM
The following represents the EIS Report Prepares and their various roles :
AUTHORS
Alhaji Gbolahan A. Solabi, BSc, MSc FNIFST, FIPAN– Team Leader
Mr Joseph A. Bamtefa, BSc. – Project Coordinator
CONSULTANTS & PARTICIPANTS :
Alhaji Gbolahan A. Solabi, - Environmental Chemistry, Data
Analysis, Socio – economic &
Health Impact Assessment.
Mr Eppi Fanio Joseph, – Geology, Hydrogeology
AMITSA, BCF & Climatic Data Collection.
Mr Joseph A. Bamtefa Bsc – Environmental Biochemistry
and Data Processing.
Mr Aminu Sulaiman, BSc– Analytical Chemistry & Air
Quality Assessment
DR. Sola Ojosipe (BATO) – Laboratory Analysis & Results
(Associate) Presentation.
NESTLE
Engr. Emmanuel Omokaro – Project Manager.
Background Information– Technical .
Mr Timothy Ayeni – Production Manager
(Process Data Collection Facilitator)
Mr Gbenga Oladunjoye – Manufacturing Manager
(General Process Background Information)
Mrs Adeola Remi - John –Factory Safety & Environment Officer.
(Project Plant Coordinator)
Mr. Matthew A. Olota – Factory Safety & Environment Officer.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. THE APPLICANT
Nestle Nigeria PLC is a Multinational Company. It operates from three locations. The Head office is located at ILUPEJU, Lagos State. Both the Factory Complex and Distribution Deport / Centre are sited at Agbara and Ota respectively in Ogun State.
Simple trading operations in Nigeria began in 1961. The Factory Complex commenced Manufacturing Operations since 1979.
The Company was listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) in 1979 with about 22,843 Nigerian Shareholders. Currently 62% of the Company’s equity is owned by Nestle S. A. of Switzerland while the remaining 38% is fully owned by Nigerian investors.
The local production of Milo Chocolate Beverage Drink began in Factory in 1981. The first capacity expansion programme was undertaken in 1998. The second Facility expansion is the subject of this report.
Specifically, the Milo Facility Expansion (MFE) is a Nestle Nigeria Project. It is however supported by NESTEC which is the scientific / technical arm of Nestle S. A of Switzerland.
LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
Nestle Nigeria Plc (NNP) is part of Nestle, S. A of Switzerland, and therefore adheres to the principle of sustainable development which conforms with International and National Requirements on the protection of the environment with respect to new developments.
Some of the specific statutes, guidelines and standards which regulate the Food (and Drink) Industries in Nigeria include :
i)Federal Environmental Protection Agency Decree No 59 of 1992 (Now Fed. Min. of Env.) / (FEPA)
ii)Environmental Impact Assessment Decree (EIA) No 86, 1992. – This requires that EIA be prepared for all new major projects / activities.
iii)Ogun State of Nigeria, Environmental Protection Agency (OGEPA) Edict No 1, 1995. – Under this Edict, an industry undertaking any new project / expansion that does not fall fully under EIA, must conduct Environmental Implication Studies (EIS) which is what applies to MFE.
The layout of the MFE Project conforms with the existing national and international requirements that a Modern Food Industry is expected to comply with, regarding environmental protection during construction and operation phases of the project. It has also been endorsed by the Bureau of Lands, Survey and Town Planning of Ogun State of Nigeria.
The EIS has been prepared as a Pseudo EIA, using the OGEPA approved guidelines.
- PROJECT JUSTIFICATION & VIABILITY
The Milo Production Project has been embarked upon in order to :
- Provide the much needed and acceptable Beverage drink (Milo) to Nigerian populace who want safe but affordable Product.
- Provide job opportunities to Nigerians directly and indirectly and thereby assisting the country in her poverty alleviation programme.
- Enlarge the scope of the company’s operations in Nigeria and to enhance its desire to remain an attractive financial investment to its shareholders.
- PROCESS DESCRIPTION / ACTIVITIES.
MFE Project / Production is best described from two perspectives
1)Facilities which include : the weighbridge, warehouse, forklift, platform weighing machine, the filling / sealing equipment, mixing chamber vat, feed kettle, band dryers, granulator hopper tote bin, tipping bay, palmolein tank,. date marking and shrink wrapping machines. Other minor facilities include : barometer, thermometer, hydrometer, pallets, Air extractor.
2)Nestle Milo Processing can be described under SEVEN concise Steps ; namely :
Supply of raw material.
Wet mixing / Pasting to form homogenous paste with specific solid weight.
Recycling / Reworking of some wastes / rejects products.
Drying / caking.
Crushing / Granulating into grains / powder .
Filling, Coding and Packing of finished Product.
Date marking / Labeling of filled products preceed packing and shrinked wrapping for distribution channel.
- DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
The MFE Project is located in Agbara Industrial Estate (AIE). This is a Private Estate, cited on about 454 hectares of land, in Ado – Odo Ota Local Government Area of Ogun State.
The Nestle Factory Complex, which houses the MFE Project occupies an approximate 16.3 hectares of the total available land of the Estate (3.6%) while the Milo Production area takes 1,188m2.
The Project site required only minimal land preparation because the Factory Complex has been in operation for nearly three decades. The expansion location had been provided for in the factory.
Also the usual problem of land acquisition, ownership settlement / compensation payment and bush clearing, characteristic of new industrial project in Nigeria, were not encountered.
The Project site is not a VIRGIN Land. It is indeed adjacent to the existing processing location.
However, some baseline information / data were obtained and presented. These include ;
4.1Ecological Characteristics :
Showing that area falls within Lowland Rain Forest. The vegetation in and around the Estate is mainly farmland, bush fallow, secondary forest and fresh swamp forest.
4.2Geology, Hydrogeology and Climatic Conditions :
Indicating that the Project location is part of Eastern portion of Dahomey (Benin) basin which extends into Ogun State (South West Nigeria). The sediment of the basin vary significantly in lithology and texture. The Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) data of the area revealed that the soil of the area is stratigraphically made up of FIVE geoelectric layers. These are essentially Sandy Ferrugenous / Reddish clay top soil, Clayey units, Sandy aquifers and Grayish Dark Clay.
The grain size analysis of the borehole(s) sediment samples from the Project / Factory Complex confirm the observation.
The water table lies between 12 – 15 meter below the surface, making the area very suitable for the erection of Processing Structures, machinery and equipments without any threat to load carrying capacity of the soil.
The groundwater analysis indicates slight acidic level, and relatively high Iron content.
This explained the need for treatment of the raw water before use for processing. The climatic condition in the area is relatively humid with temperature ranging between 22oc to 30oc during the wet and dry seasons respectively.
4.3Socio – economic Situation
This is typical of urban settlement in Nigeria. Fast growing population with the presence of the three tier of government in and around the area. The Project area and Communities around it, enjoy some basic social amenities which include electricity supply, though erratic in supply, primary, secondary and tertiary institutions of learning, fairly good transportation system, health centers among others.
The economic activities in the area are highly diversified.
It is estimated that 40% of the people in the project area is engaged in trading, 25% in farming while about 20% are in white collar jobs and artisans. With increasing industrial activities, which the MFE project reflects in the area, commercial activities are foreseen to increase. Poverty level may equally decrease.
4.4Wastes Generation and Management.
Agbara Estate and its immediate surrounding suffer generally from atmospheric pollution which is due partly to periodic leakages of SO2 from the neighbouring Sulphuric Acid Plant as well as occasional release of H2S from the Estate Central Sewage Treatment Plant (CSTP), especially when system breakdown occurred.
Nestle Factory Complex is not immuned from the impacts of these atmospheric pollution. Results of noxious gases concentration measurement in few locations within the open spaces of the factory complex showed levels above the national Standard Limits
Liquid Waste from the industries and the adjacent residential area of the Estate are effectively channeled, through network of underground drainage system, into the Estate CSTP for treatment before final discharge into the body of water (Ologe lagoon). Nestle Factory Complex / MFE Project site has in place an effluents pre – treatment facility which is currently undergoing up –grading for improved performance. Analysis of final wastes discharged from the Estate CSTP suggested the need for improved performance of the treatment plant by the AE Property Services Ltd, the facility Manager.
Solid Wastes from Nestle Factory Complex and vicinity are mostly of perishable nature. Organised disposal system operates in the Estate. Ogun State Environmental Protection Agency (OGEPA) accredited Private Solid Waste disposal Companies are responsible for collection and delivery to the various officially designated landfill areas within the locality. However, Nestle still adopts the principle of wastes to wealth in its solid wastes generation and disposal system. Spent grains are dried and sold to livestock farmers (Re – use / Re – cycle), damaged tins / cans are crushed / bundled and sold to metal / iron producers, Empty drums, damaged pallets are sold to appointed agents for further uses. Packaging Materials Source Reduction is a major element in Nestle Environmental Management System (NEMS)
Noise / Sound Pollution – The main sources of noise / sound generation in the Project area are vehicular traffic movement and construction activities. Available data from the processing units in Nestle Factory Complex showed that the generator room, Milling,
Filling and Packing rooms have noise level ranging from 91 to 97dBA, which are comparatively higher than national permissible limits for 8 hours per day exposure have been eliminated with the introduction of Band Dryer. The impacts of these units on the MFE project site is minimal. It is not envisaged that any operational activity within and around the MFE project on completion / commissioning, would result in the generation of noise pollution above the permissible level.
- POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
The purpose of conducting the EIS before the commissioning of the MFE Project is to allow a feedback of the anticipated / predicted adverse impacts into the final design / planning and consequently effect mitigation at that stage. The mitigation measures ensure that negative effects are brought to acceptable minimum level.
Assessment of existing environment, baseline data and associated / potential impacts revealed that the MFE project has minimal adverse environmental impacts. Most of the identified impacts of the project from the Construction Activities to anticipated Processing Operations on physical, biological and human parameters are beneficial.
However, sources of the identified negative impacts were indicated and mitigation measures were proposed.
- PROJECT SPECIFIC RISKS AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT
A risk and hazard assessment was undertaken for non – routine environmental hazards, which may arise during the construction and operational phases of the MFE Project.
Evaluation of the risks and the potential effects on human health, terrestrial and air / atmospheric environment suggested that the MFE project may not pose many serious / major risks and hazards. In cases where the magnitude is considered appreciable, possible actions to reduce the risk or eliminate the hazard were recommended. Hazards and Effects Management Process (HEMP) is emphasized.
- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
The Corporate Policy of NESTLE worldwide, integrates Environmental Management System into the development and operational activities.
EIS report has taken into consideration the existing Nestle Environmental Management System (NEMS) which is based on the International Environmental Management Plan (ISO 14001 Standard). Records showed that NEMS has been in operation at Nestle Factory for about one decade and still effective.
However, a project specific Supplementary EMP was prepared to ensure that all the stated objectives of the EIS for the MFE Production are applicable not only during the construction phase but throughout operation and maintenance phases.
- CONCLUSION
The EIS has appropriately identified and drawn attention to the Nestle MFE Project and provided adequate mitigation measures.
The positive impacts (benefits) of the project far outweigh the few adverse / negative impacts.