Energy Vocabulary Review

photosynthesis___ 1. the process some organisms are able to use by which they convert light energy to chemical energy

Calvin cycle___ 2. the main method photosynthesizing organisms use for carbon dioxide fixation

Krebs cycle___ 3. a set of chemical reactions that break down pyruvate, producing electron carriers for an electron transport chain that powers ATP production

cellular respiration___ 4. the process cells use to produce energy from carbohydrates

pigment___ 5. a substance that absorbs some wavelengths of light and reflects others, giving something its color

chlorophyll___ 6. the green substance that absorbs light and provides energy for photosynthesis

thylakoid___ 7. disc-shaped sacs in chloroplasts in which photosynthesis takes place

electron transport chain___ 8. the series of molecules in the inner membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria down which excited electrons pass, releasing energy for ATP production

Fermentation___ 9. process by which NAD+ is recycled under anaerobic conditions in order to continue the breakdown of carbohydrates to supply energy for producing ATP

ATP___ 10. adenosine triphosphate, a substance that stores and releases energy for most cell processes

aerobic___ 11. describes a process that requires oxygen

anaerobic___ 12. describes a process that does not require oxygen

glycolysis___ 13. the process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvate in the absence of oxygen, producing a small amount of ATP

ATP synthase___ 14. the enzyme that aids in the production of adenosine triphosphate and which also acts as a carrier protein for hydrogen ions in active transport across a membrane

15. In the space below, make a diagram that shows how the products of photosynthesis and the products of cellular respiration cycle through the ecosystem in the carbon cycle. Indicate the organelles involved.

____16. Producer = d

____17. Consumer = g

____18. Trophic level = j

____19. Nitrogen cycle = i

____20. Decomposer = n

____21. Condensation = p

____22. Carbon cycle = f

____23. Energy pyramid = a

____24. Biogeochemical cycle = k

____25. Respiration = l

____26. Nitrogen fixation =c

____27. Transpiration = b

____28. Assimilation = h

____29. Denitrification = m

____30. Ammonification = o

____31. Percolation = e

  1. a triangular diagram that shows an ecosystem’s loss of energy as energy passes through a food chain
  2. the process by which plants release water to the atmosphere
  3. “fixes” nitrogen into ammonia, a usable form of nitrogen, accomplished by certain bacteria
  4. the organism in an ecosystem that captures energy and converts into a form other organisms use
  5. how water is absorbed into the ground, contributing to the groundwater supply
  6. photosynthesis and respiration are two important living components of this cycle
  7. organism that obtains energy by consuming plants or other organisms
  8. the process during which plants absorb nitrates through their roots
  9. root uptake and consumers eating plants are important parts of this process
  10. a step in the transfer of energy through a food chain within an ecosystem
  11. any of the natural processes that cycles matter into and out of living systems
  12. carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere in this process
  13. the process that converts unused nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen
  14. an organism that obtains energy from organic wastes and dead organisms
  15. the process of creating ammonia from decayed dead organisms and other organic waste
  16. the result of warm moist air meeting cooler air in the upper atmosphere