Empress (Woman) ______Helped Restore a Uniform Government Through China
Chapter 12 Review
Section 1
Tang Dynasty
Founded by a father and son led revolt. The son urged his father to step down and he took the ______naming himself______, who would become China’s most admired ______.
Tibet, Vietnam, and Korea were forced into becoming ______. Students would travel to the Tang capital to learn about Chinese ______.
Empress (woman) ______helped restore a uniform government through China.
Emperors instituted ______that broke up larger plots of lands and redistributed it. This strengthened the central ______and increased government ______.
The Tang dynasty declines due to corruption, high taxes, drought, famine, and rebellions
Song Dynasty
The Chinese economy expanded because of improved ______methods and an open border policy.
This rise in productivity created ______allowing more people to pursue commerce, learning, or the arts.
They had a better use of the The Grand Canal – shipped tons of grain to northern China
Women’s status:
Women ran family affairs, but ______were still valued more than women.
When a woman married, she became part of her husband’s family. She could not keep her dowry (a ______that a woman brings to a marriage) and could never remarry.
Foot binding – the feet of young girls were bound with large strips of cloth, allowing their feet to only grow to about ______they normally would. Tiny feet became a symbol of nobility and beauty even though it was extremely ______.
Section 2 - Mongols
Mongols were ______people who grazed their horses and sheep on the steppes of Central Asia. Mongol tribes spend much of their time ______with one another until the early 1200’s when ______united them.
He imposed strict military discipline, demanded absolute loyalty, and had a reputation for ______.
Mongol armies conquered many areas easily but encountered some problems as they tried to attack the walled cities of China.
Genghis Khan did not live through the conquest of China but through his heirs they spent the next 150 years dominating much of Asia. Their ______toppled empires and spread destruction from southern Russia through Muslim lands in southwest Asia to China.
Once conquest was completed, the Mongols were not oppressive rulers. As long as the conquered people regularly paid tribute to the Mongols, they were able to live ______
Genghis Khan set the example for his successors to rule with ______and justice. He listened to the ideas of Confucians, Buddhists, Christians, Muslims, Jews, and Zoroastrians.
Political stability set the stage for economic growth, ______flourished. This increased food, tools, inventions, and ideas.
It took nearly 70 more years for the Mongols to conquer Southern China. Genghis Khan’s grandson, ______, toppled the Song empire in 1279.
He tried to prevent the Mongols from being absorbed into the Chinese civilization.
He only allowed Mongols to serve in the military
He reserved the highest government jobs for Mongols and other non-Chinese officials
Created the ______dynasty
The Italian merchant from Venice, ______, visited China during the Yuan dynasty and spent 17 years in Kublai’s service. He wrote many accounts of the wealth and splendor of China.
The Yuan dynasty declined after the death of Kublai Khan in 1294. Heavy taxes, corruption, and natural disasters led to frequent uprisings.
______, a peasant leader, forged a rebel army that toppled the Mongols and pushed them back beyond the Great Wall. In 1368 he founded the ______Dynasty.
Ming Dynasty characteristics (pg. 381)
Restored the civil service system
Confuncian learning became the road to success again
______watched over the bureaucracy to root out corruption and disloyalty
Economy – very productive in agriculture; industries for porcelain, paper, and tools; new technologies like ______
Arts & Literature – landscape paintings, blue and white porcelain, vases were a popular export, wrote poetry and novels.
Section 3 – Korea
Korea’s larger neighbor to the north – ______- was a major influence on their traditions and culture.
There were three dynasties in Korea: ______
Silla Dynasty
Under the Silla, Korea prospered and arts flourished; ______became a powerful force and hundreds of Buddhist temples were built.
Much of this success was centered around its capital, which was modeled after the ______
Koryo Dynasty
It was located the closest to ______
They used woodblock printing from China to produce ______, which they later improved to create a movable metal type printing.
They also improved other Chinese inventions like ______.
Section 4
Early Japanese society was divided into ______
By 500 AD ______clan came to dominate the largest Japanese island
Early Japanese clans honored a religion of ______. The worship of the forces of nature became known as ______
Page 390 Selective borrowing – Japan kept some Chinese traditions but ______others
Heian Period
Women were ______to learn the language
Despite these restrictions, Heian women produced the most important works of Japanese ______
Feudalism
The emperor stood at the head of Japanese feudal society, but was ______. He was really just seen as the figurehead
Warriors
Daimyo –
Samurai –
Bushido -