Chapter 4: Elements, Compounds, & Mixtures

Name:______

Elements. The Simplest Substance

Element –

Ex.

A substance that contains only one type of particle is a ______.

Characteristic Properties –

Each element has its own characteristic property. Elements can share properties, but still have their own

Identifying Elements by:

1.

Ex.

2.

Ex.

Classifying Elements

Elements are arranged on the ______

according to their properties.

The 3 sections are:

1.

2.

3.

Metal-

Properties

  1. Malleable –
  1. Ductile –

Nonmetal –

Properties

1.

2.

Metalloid-

Properties

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Appearance / Conductivity / Physically / Example
Metal
Nonmetal
Metalloid

Compounds

Compound-

Molecule-

A compound is different from the ______that reacted to form it.

How are compounds formed?

Compounds form in a ______

Ex. Water – H2O The mass of H to O is 1:8. (2g H and 16 g O)

Every water molecule will have the same ratio.

Familiar Compounds

Compound / Elements Combined
Table Salt / Sodium and chlorine
Water / Hydrogen and oxygen
Vinegar / Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen
Carbon dioxide / Carbon and oxygen
Baking soda / Sodium, hydrogen, carbon, oxygen

Properties of Compounds

Every compound has its own ______.

Ex.

Properties of Compounds vs. Elements

A compound has properties that ______from the properties of the elements that form it.

Ex.Table salt – sodium chloride

Chlorine – poisonous yellow gas

Sodium – soft metal that reacts violently with water

Breaking Down Compounds

Some compounds can be broken down into their elements through a

______

Other compounds can be broken down to form ______

______instead of elements. These simple compounds can than be broken down into their elements.

Ex. Carbonic acid is put into soda so it “fizzes”.

•Carbonic acid in soda  carbon dioxide and water

•Carbon dioxide  C, O, H chemically

Compounds in Your World – Industry and Nature

Industry

  1. Compounds found in nature are not the materials needed in industry. They must be broken down or combined
  2. Aluminum is not found alone in nature. It is produced by breaking down the compound aluminum oxide.

Nature

  1. Some compounds play an important role in living things – carbon dioxide for plants, nitrogen gas for proteins

Mixtures

What do you get if you roll out dough, add tomato sauce, sprinkle cheese on top, and add pepperoni, peppers, and mushrooms?

Mixture –

No ______occurs when a mixture is made. Each substance in a mixture keeps its own ______

Ex. Cheese, sauce, mushrooms, etc.

There is ______in a mixture.

What happens if you don’t like peppers on your pizza?

Other ways of separating mixtures:

1.

Salt in water

2.

Crude oil separated into gasoline and kerosene

3.

Iron and aluminum nails in a box

4.

Parts of blood

Mixtures vs. Compounds

Mixtures / Compounds
Made of elements, compounds or both
Change in original properties of components
Separated by physical means
Formed using a set ratio of components

There are three types of mixtures; solutions, suspensions, colloids

Solutions

Solution-

Kool Aide is an example of a solution. The Kool Aide powder is the ______and the water is the ______

Solute-

Solvent-

If a solute dissolves in a solvent it is said to be ______

Solutions do not have to be liquids. They can also be ______

and ______.

Ex. A.

B.

Particles in a solution are so ______they never ______.

Therefore they can not be removed by ______.

Solubility

Have you ever added too much sugar to your lemonade and not all of it dissolved? Some of it sinks to the bottom.

To Find out exactly how much sugar you need to all so it all dissolves you need to know the ______of the sugar.

Solubility-

How can you make sugar dissolve in water faster?

1.

-

2.

-

3.

-

Suspensions

Have you ever eaten Italian dressing and shaken it up to use and once it sat again all of the “chunks” settled to the bottom?

Suspension-

The particles in a suspension are ______enough to ______

or ______light.

A suspension can be ______by passing it through a ______

In between the size of the particles in a solution and a suspension are a ______.

Colloid-

Particles in a colloid are large enough to ______

But too small to be ______.

Ex.

Review: Classification of Matter

Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Review

Elements / Compounds / Mixtures
How many parts make it up?
Pure Substance or not?
Chemically or physically combined?
Chemical change to make them?
Fixed ratio?
How separated: chemically/
physically?
Solution / Suspension / Colloid
Particle size:
S, M, L
Filter?
Scatter light?
Settle out?
Two examples

04 Notes_S Reynolds & Scafidi