Electronic Supplementary Material

Determination of 2,4-dichlorophenol in water samples using a chemiluminescence system consisting of graphene quantum dots, rhodamine B and cerium(IV) ion

Tooba Hallaj and Mohammad Amjadi*

Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran

* Corresponding author, E-mail: , Tel: +984133393109; Fax: +984133340191

Fig. S1. Fluorescence spectra of prepared GQDs (a) two (b) and four weeks after preparation (c).


Fig S2. FT-IR spectrum of the prepared GQDs.

Fig S3. (a) XPS spectrum of GQDs, (b) C1s and (c) O1s spectra of GQDs.

Fig S4. Raman spectrum of GQDs.

Fig. S5. Optimization of the CL reaction conditions: (a) Effect of RhB concentration: Ce (IV), 10-3 M, H2SO4 0.02 M, GQDs, 0.034 mg mL-1. (b) Effect of GQDs concentration, RhB, 10-5 M, other conditions are as in a. (c) Effect of Ce(IV) concentration: GQDs, 0.1 mg mL-1, other conditions are as in b. (d) Effect of H2SO4 concentration: Ce(IV), 10-3 M, other conditions are as in c.

Fig. S6. (a) CL signals and (b) calibration curve for 2,4-DCP in the range from 0.1 to 5.0 µM.


Table S1. Influence of interfering species on the CL response of 1.0 µM 2,4-DCP.

Interfering species / Examined Concentration of Interfering species (mM) / ∆I%
Na+ / 15 / 0.4
K+ / 15 / 1.9
Ba+ / 4.5 / -4.2
NO3- / 15 / -1.0
Cl- / 15 / 0.5
SO42- / 1.0 / -3.6
Ca2+ / 3.7 / 1.8
Mn2+ / 1.3 / 4.2
Pb2+ / 0.3 / -4,0
Cu2+ / 1.5 / -3.6
Zn2+ / 0.4 / -3.8
Mg2+ / 1.0 / -0.5
Co2+ / 0.4 / 5.0
Fe2+ / 0.4 / -5.0
Hg2+ / 0.025 / -4.4
Cr3+ / 0.1 / 2.2
bisphenol A / 0.01 / -4.7
1-naphthol / 0.01 / -4.5
hydroquinone / 0.01 / -1.2
uric acid / 0.01 / -3.6
pentachlorophenol / 0.005 / -4.5
trichlorophenol / 0.005 / -0.6
2-nitrophenol / 0.005 / -5.0
resorcinol / 0.001 / -3.2
humic acid / 20 mg L-1 / 4.3

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