Electronic supplement one:full search strategy details:

We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 3, 2012); Ovid MEDLINE (1946-2012); Ovid EMBASE (1947-2012); CINAHL (1981-2012); Education Resources Information Centre collection (ERIC); and PsycINFO.

We tested a number of search strategies, and chose to adopt a broad search strategy, with high-sensitivity and low precision to maximise the capture of potentially relevant studies. Search terms included: feedback; debrief*; resuscitation; shock and emergency. In addition, trial registries and the reference lists from previous debriefing systematic reviews [1-4] produced as part of the 2010 ILCOR evidence evaluation process were interrogated. Forward and backward citation searching of included studies was also undertaken and a subject expert (JS) was consulted regarding other published or ongoing studies.

Following duplicate removal, titles were screened independently by two authors (KC, BS) and obviously irrelevant results removed. The full-text of potentially relevant titles was obtained, and assessed independently by the same two authors in an un-blinded manner against pre-determined eligibility criteria using a proforma. A third reviewer (GDP) adjudicated on differences of opinion that could not be reconciled.

Inclusion/ Exclusion criteria

We included all studies which evaluated debriefing after a life-threatening emergency. Participants were qualified or student clinicians (e.g. doctors, nurses, paramedics) who provided care, either independently or as part of a team, at life-threatening emergencies. We adopted a broad definition of debriefing that encompassed all types of performance feedback, based on Van de Ridder et al’s definition of feedback, namely: “Specific information about the comparison between a trainee’s observed performance and a standard, given with the intent to improve the trainee’s performance.”[5] Studies were excluded where debriefing was delivered alongside another intervention, for example simulation training, such that it was not possible to identify the independent effect of the debriefing intervention. Debriefing mass-casualty incident studies were also excluded. No restriction on study design, patient population (e.g. age), study setting or publication date was imposed, although searches were limited to the English language.

Database search strategy

Ovid MEDLINE (1946-2012)

1. exp Feedback/

2. Feedback.mp.

3. Debrief$.mp.

4. exp Shock/

5. Cardiogenic shock.mp.

6. Hypovolemic shock.mp.

7. Hypovolaemic shock.mp.

8. Septic shock.mp.

9. Anaphylactic shock.mp.

10. exp Emergencies/

11. exp Heart Arrest/

12. exp Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/

13. exp Resuscitation/

14. Resuscitation.mp.

15. exp Anesthesiology/

16. exp Airway Obstruction/

17. exp Airway Management/

18. exp Respiratory Therapy/

19. exp Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/

20. exp Thrombolytic Therapy/

21. 1 or 2 or 3

22. 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20

23. 21 and 22

24. Limit 23 to English language

Ovid EMBASE (1947-2012)

1. exp feedback system/

2. Feedback.mp.

3. Debrief$.mp.

4. exp shock/

5. Cardiogenic shock.mp.

6. Hypovolemic shock.mp.

7. Hypovolaemic shock.mp.

8. Septic shock.mp.

9. Anaphylactic shock.mp.

10. exp emergency/

11. exp heart arrest/

12. exp cardiopulmonary arrest/

13. exp resuscitation/

14. Resuscitation.mp.

15. exp Anesthesiology/

16. exp Airway obstruction/

17. exp Respiration control/

18. exp Percutaneous coronary intervention/

19. exp Fibrinolytic therapy/

20. 1 or 2 or 3

21. 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19

22. 20 and 21

23. Limit 22 to English language

24. Limit 23 to conference abstract

25. 23 not 24

CINAHL (1981-2012)

1. (MH "Feedback")

2. "Feedback"

3. "Debrief*"

4. (MH "Shock+")

5. "Cardiogenic shock"

6. "Hypovolemic shock"

7. "Hypovolaemic shock"

8. "Septic shock"

9. "Anaphylactic shock"

10. (MH "Emergencies+")

11. (MH "Heart Arrest+")

12. (MH "Resuscitation, Cardiopulmonary+")

13. (MH "Resuscitation+")

14. "Resuscitation"

15. (MH "Anesthesiology")

16. (MH "Airway Obstruction+")

17. (MH "Airway Management+")

18. (MH "Respiratory Therapy+")

19. (MH "Angioplasty, Transluminal, Percutaneous Coronary")

20. (MH "Thrombolytic Therapy")

21. 1 or 2 or 3

22. 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20

23. 21 and 22

Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 3, 2012)

1. MeSH descriptor Feedback explode all trees

2. Feedback

3. Debrief*

4. MeSH descriptor Shock explode all trees

5. Cardiogenic shock

6. Hypovolemic shock

7. Hypovolaemic shock

8. Septic shock

9. Anaphylactic shock

10. MeSH descriptor Emergencies explode all trees

11. MeSH descriptor Heart Arrest explode all trees

12. MeSH descriptor Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation explode all trees

13. MeSH descriptor Resuscitation explode all trees

14. Resuscitation

15. MeSH descriptor Anesthesiology explode all trees

16. MeSH descriptor Airway Obstruction explode all trees

17. MeSH descriptor Airway Management explode all trees

18. MeSH descriptor Respiratory Therapy explode all trees

19. MeSH descriptor Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary explode all trees

20. MeSH descriptor Thrombolytic Therapy explode all trees

21. (1 OR 2 OR 3)

22. (4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12 OR 13 OR 14 OR 15 OR 16 OR 17 OR 18 OR 19 OR 20)

23. (21 AND 22)

Education Rescources Information Centre (ERIC) collection

1. su.EXACT(("Biofeedback" OR "Feedback (Response)"))

2. Feedback

3. Debrief*

4. su.EXACT("First Aid")

5. Shock

6. Resuscitation

7. Emergenc*

8. CPR

9. 1 OR 2 OR 3

10. 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7

11. 9 AND 10

12. Limit 11 to English language

PsycINFO

  1. feedback.ti,ab
  2. exp FEEDBACK/
  3. exp "DEBRIEFING (PSYCHOLOGICAL)"/
  4. debrief$.ti,ab
  5. exp SHOCK/
  6. (cardiogenic AND shock).ti,ab
  7. (anaphylactic AND shock).ti,ab
  8. (septic AND shock).ti,ab
  9. (hypovolemic AND shock).ti,ab
  10. (hypovolaemic AND shock).ti,ab
  11. exp CPR/
  12. exp ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION/
  13. exp ANESTHESIOLOGY/
  14. 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4
  15. 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12 OR 13
  16. 14 AND 15
  17. 14 AND 15 [Limit to: English Language]

References

1.Atkins DL, Singhal N (2010) Worksheet: For hospital resuscitation teams (P), do team briefings/debriefings (I), when compared to no briefings/debriefings (C), improve team performance (O)? Available via Accessed via 10 April 2013.

2.Edelson DP, Yuen T (2010) Worksheet: For resuscitation teams (P), do briefings/debriefings (I), when compared to no briefings/debriefings (C), improve performance or outcomes (O)? Available via Accessed 10 April 2013.

3.Halamak LP (2010) Worksheet: For hospital resuscitation teams (P), do team briefings/debriefings (I), when compared to no briefings/debriefings (C), improve team performance (O)? Available via Accessed 10 April 2013.

4.Soar J (2010) Worksheet: For resuscitation teams (P), do briefings/debriefings (I), when compared to no briefings/debriefings (C), improve performance or outcomes (O)? Available via Accessed 10 April 2013.

5.van de Ridder JM, Stokking KM, McGaghie WC, ten Cate OT, (2008) What is feedback in clinical education? Medical education 42: 189-197

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