EE6604-DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES-QUSTION BANK
UNIT-I
PART-A
1. Explain specific electric loading.
2. Explain unbalanced magnetic pull?
3. Explain optimum design?
4. Define rating.
5. Mention the different types of duties of a machine.
6. Explain the properties which determine the suitability of material for insulating materials.
7. Generalize the major considerations to evolve a good design of electrical machine?
8. How materials are classified according to their degree of magnetism?
9. Define specific magnetic loading
10. List the different types of magnetic materials.
11. List the parts of electromagnetic rotating machines?
12. Classify the electrical engineering materials.
13. Give the applications of insulating materials.
14. Classify the insulating materials used for wires.
15. Prepare the list of factors that should be considered for limitation in design.
16. Prepare the fundamental requirements of high conductivity materials.
17. Explain how the high resistivity materials can be classified?
18. Discuss about total magnetic loading.
19. Discuss about total electric loading.
20. Prepare the list of factors that affect the size of rotating machine?
PART-B
1. List the various limitations in design and explain them in detail.
2. Briefly explain about electrical engineering materials
3. A field coil has a cross section of 120*50 mm and its length of mean turn is 0.8 m.
Estimate the hot spot temperature above that of the coil and calculate the final steady temperature rise of the coil surface if the total loss in the coil is 150W continuously. Itscooling surface is 0.125 m2. Assume space factor=0.56, thermal resistivity of insulating material=8Ωm.
4. Explain about ratings of machines.
5. A field coil has a heat dissipating surface of 0.15m and a length of mean turn of 1m. It
2-o dissipates loss of 150w, the emissivity being 34w/m C. Estimate the final steady temperature rise of the coil and its time constant if the cross section of the coil is 2 o
100*50mm . Specific heat of copper is 390 J/Kg- C. The space factor is 0.56. copper weighs
3
8900 Kg/m .
6. i) Describe the classification of insulating materials used for electrical machines. ii) The temperature rise of a transformer is 25o C after one hour and 37.5o C after 2 hours of starting from cold conditions. Calculate its final steady temperature rise and the heating time constant. If its temperature falls from the final steady value to 40o C in 1.5 hours when disconnected, calculate its cooling time constant. The ambient temperature is 30oC.
7. (i) A 350 kW, 500 V,450 rpm, 6 pole DC generator is built with an armature diameter of 0.87m and core length of 0.32 m, the lap wound armature has 660 conductors. Calculate the specific electric and magnetic loading.
(ii) A 20 HP, 440 V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase induction motor is built with a stator bore of 0.25m and core length of 0.16m. The specific electric loading is 23000 ampere conductors per meter. Calculate the specific magnetic loading of the machine. Assume full load efficiency of 84% and a power factor of 0.82.
8. State and explain the main factors which influence the choice of specific magnetic loading and specific electric loading in a synchronous machine. Explain the role of digital computes in the design of electrical machines.
9 i)Describe the methods of measurement of temperature rise in various parts of an electrical machine . ii) Discuss the advantages of hydrogen cooling.
- What are the main groups of electrical conducting materials? Explain the properties and applications of those materials.
UNIT-II
PART-A
1. Define field form factor.
2. Prepare the list of factors governing the length of armature core in a DC machine. Distinguish between real and apparent flux densities in a dc machine.
3. List the factors that influence choices of commutator diameter?
4. Define copper space factor of a coil.
5. Express the output equation of a dc machine. Give any two guiding factors for the choice of number of poles.
6. Define leakage flux and fringing flux
7. Explain why square pole face is preferred.
8. Give the main parts of dc machine.
9. State the relationship between the number of commutator segments and number of armature coils in dc generator.
10. Explain window space factor?
11. Define stacking factor.
12. How will you calculate the net length of iron?
13. What is meant by magnetic circuit calculations?
14. Compare electric and magnetic circuit.
15. Explain leakage coefficient.
16. Explain carter’s gap coefficient.
17. Explain total gap contraction factor.
18. List the methods for calculating mmf for teeth.
PART-B
1. (i) Derive the relation between real and apparent flux densities in dc machine. (8) (ii) Identify the main dimensions of the machine for a 500 kV, 4 pole, 1500 rpm shunt generator is
2 designed to have a square pole face. The loadings are: average flux density in the gap=0.42Wb/m and ampere conductors per meter=15000. Assume full load efficiency 0.87 and ratio of pole arc to pole pitch=0.66.
2. Design the diameter and length of armature core for a 55 kW, 110 V,1000 rpm, 4 pole shunt generator, assuming specific electric and magnetic loadings of 26000 amp. cond./m and
2
0.5Wb/m respectively. The pole arc should be about 70% of pole pitch and length of core about 1.1 times the pole arc. Allow 10 ampere for the field current and assume a voltage of 4V for the armature circuit. Specify the winding used and also determine suitable values for the number of armature conductors and number of slots. (16)
3. (i) Derive the output equation of dc machine. (6)
(ii) Determine the mmf required for the air-gap of a dc machine having open slots, given the following particulars: slot pitch=4.3cm; slot opening=2.1cm, Gross length of core=48cm, pole arc=18cm, air-gap length=0.6cm, flux per pole=0.056 Wb. There are 8 ventilation ducts each 1.2 cm wide.
Slot-opening/ gap length / 1 / 2 / 3 / 3.5 / 4Carter’s coefficient / 0.15 / 0.28 / 0.37 / 0.41 / 0.43
The above data may be used for ducts also. (10)
4. Identify the main dimensions, number of poles and the length of air-gap of a 1000 kW, 500V,
2
300rpm dc generator. Assume average gap density as 0.7 Wb/m and ampere conductors per meter as 40000. The pole arc to pole pitch ratio is 0.7 and the efficiency is 92%. The mmf required for air gap is 55% of armature mmf and gap contraction factor is 1.15. The following are the design constraints: peripheral speed should not exceed 30m/s, frequency of flux reversals should not exceed 50Hz, current per brush arm should not exceed 400 A, and armature mmf per
pole should not exceed 10000 AT. (16)
5. Explain the various steps involved in design of i)commutator and brushes of dc machine.
(16)
6. Identify the diameter and length of armature for a 7.5kW, 4 pole, 1000rpm, 220V shunt motor.
2;
Given: full load efficiency=0.83; Maximum gap flux density=0.9 Wb/m specific electric loading=30000 ampere conductors per meter; field form facto=0.7. Assume that the maximum efficiency occurs at full load and the field current is 2.5% of rated current. The pole face is square.
7. i) A 5 KW, 250 volts and 4 pole, 1500 rpm d.c. shunt generator is designed to have a square pole face. The average magnetic flux density in the air gap is 0.42 wb/m2 and ampere conductors per metre = 15000. Compute the main dimensions of the machine. Assume full load efficiency =
87%. The ratio of pole arc to pole pitch = 0.06. ii) Determine the air gap length of the DC machine from the following particulars: gross length of the core =0.12, number of Ducts = one and 10mm wide, slot pitch=25mm, slot width =10mm, carter’s coefficient for slots and ducts =0.32, gap density at pole center =0.7Wb/m2; field mmf/pole =3900AT, mmf required for iron parts of magnetic circuit =800AT.
8. Estimate the main dimensions of .a 200 kW, 250 volts, 6 pole, 1000, rpm DC generator. The maximum value of flux density in the air gap is 0.87 wb/m2 and the ampere conductors per metre length of armature periphery are 31000; The ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.67 and the efficiency is 91 percent. Assume that the ratio of length of core to pole pitch = 0.75.
9. Design the suitable dimensions of armature core of a d.c. generator which is rated 50 kW. P = 4, N = 600 rpm. Full load terminal voltage is 220 volts. Maximum gap flux density is 0.83 Wb/
2
m and specific electric loading is 30,000. ampere conductors/metre. Full load armature voltage drop is 3 percent of rated terminal voltage. Field current is 1 percent of full load current Ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.67 pole face is a square.
10. i)A 4 pole 50 HP de shunt motor operates with rated voltages of 480 volts at rated speed of
600 rpm. It has wave wound armature with 770 conductors. The leakage factor of the poles is 1.2 . The poles are of circular cross section. The flux density in the poles is 1.5 Wb/ m2. Compute diameter of each pole.
ii)Explain the various steps involved in design of shunt field winding of DC Machine.
UNIT-III
PART A
1. List the different losses in a transformer?
2. Define window space factor.
3. Explain how the heat dissipates in a transformer?
4. Discuss iron space factor.
5. What is conservator?
6. Explain why circular coils are preferred in transformers?
7. Distinguish between shell type and core type transformer.
8. Give the relationship between emf per turn and KVA rating in a transformer. Prepare the list of factors affecting the choice of flux density of core in a transformer?
9. Give the different cooling methods used for dry type transformer?
10. Generalize the merits of three-phase transformer over single-phase transformer What is the range of efficiency of a transformer?
11. Prepare the list if factors to be considered for selecting the cooling methods of a transformer? Why cooling tubes are provided?
12. Explain the main function of cooling medium used in transformers. How much heat is dissipated by radiation and convection?
13. Define stacking factor. Discuss about leg spacing?
14. Explain why the cross section of yoke is greater than core section?
15. Explain why stepped core are generally used for transformer? PART- B
1. Describe the methods of cooling of transformers.
2. A single-phase 400V, 50Hz transformer is built from stampings having a relative permeability
-3 2 of 1000. The length of the flux path is 2.5*10 m and the primary winding has 800 turns.
Estimate the maximum flux and no load current of the transformer. The iron loss at the working
3 flux density is 2.6 W/Kg. Iron weighs 7.8*1000 Kg/m . Stacking factor is 0.9 Derive the output equation of single-phase and three phase transformer. Explain the step by step procedure for the design of core, shell type transformer, windings and yoke. 5. Identify the full load MMF for the ratio of flux in weber to full load mmf in a 400 kVA,50
-6
Hz, single-phase, core type transformer is 2.4*10 . Also identify alculate the net iron area and
2 window area of the transformer. Assume maximum flux density 2.7 A/mm and window area constant 0.26.Identify overall dimensions for a three phase,250 kVA,6600/440 V, 50 Hz core type
2 transformer with the following data. Emf/turn =11.5 V, maximum flux density =1.75 wb/m
2 current density =2.5 A/mm window space factor = 0.32 stacking factor = 0.94 overall height= overall width, a 3 stepped core is used, width of the largest stamping = 0.9 d and the net iron area
2
= 0.6 d where d is the diameter of circumscribing circle.
7. Calculate the core and window areas required for a 100 kVA 6600/400V 50 Hz single phase
2 core type transformer. Assume a maximum flux density 1.25 wb/m and a current density of 2.5
2
A/mm voltages per turn is 30, window space factor is 0.32.Calculate the main dimensions and winding details of a 100 kVA 2000/400 V 50 Hz single phase shell type, oil immersed, self cooled transformer. Assume voltage per turn 10 V, flux
2 2 density in core 1.1 wb/m , current density 2 A/mm , window space factor 0.33. The ratio of window height to window width and ratio of core depth to width of central limb = 2.5, the stacking factor is 0.9.
8. Estimate the main dimensions including winding conductor area of a three-phase delta-star core type transformer rated at 300 kVA,6600/440V 50 Hz. A suitable core with 3 steps having a circumscribing circle of 0.25 m diameter and leg spacing of 0.4m is available. Emf/turn=8.5 V, ᵟ=2.5 A/mm2, Kw= 0.28,Ki=0.9.
9. A 3 phase, 50Hz, oil cooled core type transformer has the following dimensions: Distance between core centers=0.2m , height of window =0.24m, Diameter circumscribing Circle =0.14m. The flux density in the core =1.25Wb/m2, the current density in the conductor =2.5 A/mm2.
Assume a window space factor of 0.2 and the core area factor =0.56. The core is two stepped. Estimate KVA rating of the transformer.
UNIT-IV