EDUC 1010 Foundations of EducationHeading:
CHAPTER EIGHT TEST
Please circle the item that best answers each question/statement. Be sure to check your work.
*1.“An organization with established structures and rules designed to promote certain goals” best describes a:
a.social institution.
b.democratic institution.
c.autocratic institution.
d.socioeconomic institution.
*2. Of the following, which is a social institution?
a.A city government
b.A library building
c.A school building
d.Teachers in a school
*3. From the perspective of meeting learning goals for students, which of the following is the most accurate definition of schools?
a.Physical structures that house students during learning experiences
b.Organizations composed of teachers, students, administrators, and support personnel
c.Formal and informal curricula that present options for students’ experiences
d.Social institutions designed to promote students’ growth and development
*4.“An administrative unit within a geographical area given the responsibility for education within its borders” is best described as a:
a.school.
b.school district.
c.social institution.
d.regional office.
*5. Individual schools in a county are part of larger organizational frameworks called:
a.regions.
b.social institutions.
c.districts.
d.administrative units.
*6.The person(s) given the ultimate responsibility for a school’s operation is/are the:
a.administrative staff.
b.superintendent.
c.vice principal.
d.principal.
*7. The people responsible for the day-to-day operation of schools are the:
a.teachers.
b.administrators.
c.school advisory councils.
d.school boards.
*8. Support staff best describes which of the following?
a.Media center specialist
b.Assistant principal
c.Vice principal
d.Guidance counselor
*9.Individual buildings on the perimeter of school campuses that provide additional classroom space are commonly called:
a.support spaces.
b.temporaries.
c.laboratories.
d.extracurricular housing.
*10.You’re a high school math teacher. Which of the following best describes your duties?
1.Teach your math classes as effectively as possible.
2.Monitor students as they move through hallways and attend assemblies in auditoriums.
3.Contribute to the governance of the school.
4.Attend football games and other sporting events.
a. 1 b. 1, 2c. 1, 2, 3 d. 1, 2, 3, 4e. 1, 2, 4
*11.You’re a third-grade teacher. Which of the following best describes your duties?
1.Teach your students as effectively as possible.
2.Escort your students from your room to places such as the cafeteria or media center, and back.
3.Attend school functions, such as plays and music events.
4.Participate in school oversight
a. 1b. 1, 2c. 1, 2, 3 d. 1, 2, 3, 4e. 1, 2, 4
*12.“What teachers teach and what students (hopefully) learn,” best describes:
a.the school’s mission.
b.the school’s implementation process.
c.the school’s curriculum.
d.the school’s staff development.
*13. Of the following, leaders’ decisions about organizing schools (such as organizing middle schools into grades 6, 7, and 8) are most commonly based on:
a.the backgrounds of teachers and their teaching skills.
b.the developmental characteristics of students and economics (such as the cost of schools).
c.the number of available administrators and the number of available teachers.
d.the qualifications of administrators and the qualifications of teachers.
*14.Changes in the way students think and relate to their peers, caused by maturation and experience, are best described as:
a.critical thinking.
b.development.
c.perspective taking.
d.curriculum organization.
Use the following information for items 15 and 16.
Leroy Williams works at Oceanside Middle school in a suburb of a medium-sized eastern city. His responsibilities include scheduling, collecting student records–such as grades–from teachers, keeping master records for the school, and maintaining communication with district-level administrators and parents.
Juanita Alvarez also works at Oceanside Middle School. Her duties at the school include scheduling and coordinating the statewide assessment tests that all the students are required to take, and providing a variety of information about course offerings and future options for students.
**15.Based on the way schools are typically organized, of the following, Leroy is most likely to be:
a.a department head in the school (such as the head of the social studies department).
b.the school principal.
c.a vice principal in the school.
d.a guidance counselor at the school.
**16.Based on the way schools are typically organized, of the following, Juanita is most likely to be:
a.the school principal.
b.a vice principal at the school.
c.an assistant principal at the school.
d.a guidance counselor at the school.
**17.You’re a teacher at Oceanside Middle School, and Karen Adams, one of your students comes to you complaining of a serious headache. Of the following, which is your most acceptable course of action?
a.Offer her one or two Advil tablets, since you keep a bottle of them in your desk, and Karen’s problem seems to be limited to her headache.
b.Send her to the school nurse, since teachers are forbidden from administering any form of medication.
c.Call one of the school assistant principals and ask his or her advice, since a student may not be sent out of a classroom without an administrator’s permission.
d.Call Karen’s mother, since any medical problem, including something as minor as a headache, must be immediately reported to a parent.
**18.David Leech, one of your students, is constantly disrupting instruction in one of your classes. You’ve tried talking to him, giving him detention, and calling his parents. Nothing has worked, and you need help, feeling as though you’re at your wits end. Of the following, who is the most appropriate person in the school to contact?
a.The school principal, since he or she is ultimately responsible for the school’s operation.
b.One of the school assistant principals, since student discipline is likely to be one of his or her duties.
c.Your grade-level chairperson or department head (such as the chair of the third grade in an elementary school or the head of the English department in a middle or high school).
d.The school nurse, since a chronically disruptive student is likely to have a medical problem.
**19.You want your students to identify subjects and verbs in sentences, so you plan to first teach the meaning of subjects, then the meaning of verbs, followed by having students identify them in sentences. Of the following, your thinking in this case is best described as focusing on:
a.instructional design.
b.developmental differences in students.
c.school organization.
d.curriculum organization.
**20.Kelly, a fourth grader, is cooperative and able to consider other students’ perspectives in cooperative learning activities, whereas Joanne tends to be quite self-centered. These characteristics most likely reflect differences in which of the following?
a.Academic development
b.Cognitive development
c.Social development
d.Physical development
*21.Which of the following is the best description of looping?
a.The process of keeping a teacher with a group of students for more than a year
b.The process of covering topics with increasingly greater depth from one year to the next
c.The process of organizing curriculum so that topics build on each other
d.The process of having teachers specialize in different content areas, such as math, science, social studies, or language arts
**22.Ann Peterson is teaching the same group of students in the fourth grade this year as she had in the third grade last year. This process is commonly described as:
a.looping.
b.cooperative learning.
c.peer tutoring.
d.nurturing.
Use the following information for Items 23 and 24.
Jana, a first-grade teacher, Juan, a third-grade teacher, Suzanne, a fourth-grade teacher, and Vincent, a fifth-grade teacher, want to use cooperative learning (where students are placed in groups and are expected to work collaboratively to meet a common goal) in their classrooms. All four are veterans, teach in the same school, and are viewed as highly skilled professionals.
**23.If each teacher’s students fit patterns typical for their ages, the teacher for whom implementing cooperative learning is likely to be most challenging is:
a.Jana.
b.Juan.
c.Suzanne.
d.Vincent.
**24.If each teacher’s students fit patterns typical for their ages, the teacher for whom implementing cooperative learning is likely to be least challenging is:
a.Jana.
b.Juan.
c.Suzanne.
d.Vincent.
*25.Which of the following is the most likely reason that so many elementary school classrooms are self-contained (a single teacher being responsible for all the content areas)?
a.Self-contained classrooms make integrating the curriculum most efficient, and the curriculum is usually integrated in elementary schools.
b.Self-contained classrooms make it easier for schools to hire teachers, since elementary teachers are expert in all content areas.
c.Schools with self-contained classrooms are less expensive that schools organized around different curriculum areas.
d.Self-contained classrooms best allow schools and teachers to accommodate the developmental needs of young children.
*26.Schools tend to be organized in “box-like” structures, with separate classrooms that open into long hallways. Of the following, which is the most commonly voiced criticism of this physical organization?
a.The organization makes it difficult for students to move efficiently from one room to another.
b.The organization is dangerous, since large numbers of students are moving through hallways at the same time.
c.The organization isolates teachers and fragments the curriculum.
d.The organization makes it difficult for administrators to communicate with individual teachers in case of emergency.
*27.Which of the following statements best describes the implications of the physical organization of schools (the fact that schools are organized into individual classrooms that open onto long hallways) for you as a teacher?
a.When you begin teaching, you’re essentially on your own; you’re responsible for your students all day long every day, for example.
b.In cases of emergency, you’ll need to understand the physical layout of the school so that you can get help for students as quickly as possible.
c.You’ll need to understand how the physical organization of the school aids the efficient movement of students from one part of the school building to another.
d.You’ll need to understand how the arrangement of classrooms allows you to access resource rooms, such as the library and computer lab.
*28.Schools are typically organized so that early elementary students, such as first graders, aren’t housed in schools that also include eighth graders. Of the following, the most likely reason for organizing schools in this way is:
a.the developmental differences between first and eighth graders makes housing them in different schools important.
b.schools built for young children (such as first graders) need to be designed with more safety and health-related equipment than schools designed for older students, so they aren’t housed together.
c.elementary schools have fundamentally different kinds of administrators than do middle and high schools, so they aren’t housed together.
d.first and eighth graders were housed in separate schools in early colonial times, but research revealed this wasn’t efficient.
*29.Of the following, which is most commonly emphasized in developmental early childhood programs?
a.Careful curriculum organization and clear explanations by teachers
b.Specific sets of learning objectives together with learning activities designed to help students reach the objectives
c.Concrete experiences for students that emphasize exploration and hands-on activities
d.Classrooms in which teachers are well prepared in content areas such as math or social studies
*30.Which of the following is the best description of the Montessori Method?
a.An approach to early childhood education that emphasizes individual exploration and initiative through learning centers
b.An approach to elementary school education that emphasizes standards and accountability in reading and math
c.An approach to middle school education that emphasizes teacher teams and integrated curriculum
d.An alternative to the comprehensive high schools that creates schools within schools designed to meet the needs of adolescents.
*31.Which of the following best describes the outcomes of early intervention programs for young children?
a.The outcomes are generally insignificant beyond the early elementary school years.
b.The outcomes are significant during the elementary school years, but they tend to disappear in middle school, high school and beyond.
c.The outcomes are significant through the middle school years but tend to disappear in high school and beyond.
d.The outcomes are positive, significant, and long lasting in the years after formal schooling is complete.
*32.Which of the following is the most likely reason that some content areas, such as science, are typically de-emphasized in elementary schools?
a.Elementary teachers are often uncomfortable teaching all the content areas, so some, such as science, are de-emphasized.
b.Some content areas, such as science, are viewed as unimportant for elementary students, so they’re de-emphasized.
c.The developmental characteristics of young children prevent them from being able to learn some content areas, such as science, in depth, so they’re de-emphasized.
d.Teaching some content areas, such as science, is very expensive, so schools de-emphasize these areas.
*33.Middle schools often eliminate activities such as competitive sports. Of the following, the most likely reason for organizing middle schools in this way is:
a.school leaders want to minimize attention to developmental differences among students.
b.school leaders don’t want to spend the money it takes to support activities like competitive sports.
c.school leaders have difficulty hiring faculty for middle schools who are willing to perform extra duties, such as coaching competitive sports.
d.school leaders believe that the primary focus in the middle years should be on academics, so other aspects of schooling are de-emphasized in these schools.
*34.Of the following, which is the best description of a comprehensive high school?
a.One that teaches as much of its content as possible at the comprehension level of understanding
b.One that is designed to meet the needs of all students
c.One that avoids tracking students into different ability areas
d.One that has a course-sharing arrangement with a local university
*35.Which of the following are the most commonly voiced criticisms of comprehensive high schools?
1.They’re often staffed by unqualified teachers.
2.Students in lower-level tracks often get a substandard education.
3.They’re too large, impersonal, and bureaucratic.
4.They lack an adequate variety of extracurricular activities.
a. 1 b. 1, 4 c. 1, 2, 3 d. 2, 3 e. 2, 3, 4
*36.Which of the following best describes classes that allow students to earn college credit while still in high school?
a.Academic classes
b.Honors classes
c.Advanced placement classes
d.Accelerated and enriched classes
*37.Technical schools are designed to:
a.provide students with a sound basic education.
b.teach computer and other high-tech skills.
c.increase students’ understanding of the world of work.
d.prepare students for immediate employment after graduation.
**38.Four teachers, Karen, a math teacher, Tony, who teaches science, Judy, an English teacher, and Alicia, who teaches social studies, have a common planning period. Today they’re discussing ways of coordinating topics across the four content areas. Based on this information it’s most likely that these teachers teach in a(n):
a.elementary school.
b.middle school.
c.junior high.
d.high school.
*39.Based on research, which of the following statements best describes the relationship between socioeconomic status, learning, and school size?
a.All students, regardless of SES, learn more in small schools than in large schools.
b.High SES students learn more in large schools, but low SES students learn more in small schools.
c.All students learn more in schools that are not too large nor too small, but the reduction in learning in very large schools is greater for high SES than for low SES students.
d.All students learn more in schools that are not too large nor too small, but the reduction in learning in very large schools is greater for low SES than for high SES students.
*40.Based on research, which of the following best describes the relationship between socioeconomic status, class size, and learning? (Small classes are defined as having about 15 students, and large classes are defined as having about 30 students.)
a.All students learn more in small classes, particularly in the lower grades and in inner-city schools.
b.Low SES students learn more in small classes, but high SES students learn more in large classes.
c.All students learn more in large classes, since the amount of interaction between the students is likely to be greater in large classes.
d.Low SES students learn more in small elementary school classes, but less in small high school classes; high SES students learn more in large classes at all levels.
*41.Which of the following characteristics do parents and other taxpayers view as most important for an effective school?
a.Effective instruction
b.High student test scores
c.Teachers with high personal teaching efficacy
d.School safety
*42.Research indicates that two factors related to school organization have a particularly negative effect on cultural minorities. These two factors are:
a.low teacher efficacy and class size.
b.class size and tracking.
c.low teacher efficacy and tracking.
d.ineffective instruction and large classes.
*43.Tracking is a common practice in comprehensive high schools. Of the following, which statement most accurately describes the relationship between tracking and cultural minorities?
a.Tracking allows cultural minorities to achieve at levels consistent with their background and abilities.
b.A disproportionate number of cultural minorities tend to be placed in high-level tracks where the instruction is too abstract for their background and abilities.
c.Tracking is effective for cultural minorities, because it allows teachers to focus on the individual needs of students.
d.A disproportionate number of cultural minorities tend to be placed in low-level tracks where instruction is often less effective than instruction in high-level tracks.
Use the following information in answering Items 44-46.
Gilchrist Middle School is strongly committed to academics. Clubs, sports, and other extracurricular activities are important in the school, but classes are never canceled for extracurricular activities.