KUTZTOWNUNIVERSITY

Department of Elementary Education

EDU 518 - Strategies For Outdoor Education

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course is designed for elementary and middle school teachers who wish to extend their teaching into the outdoor environment. Strategies, programs and resources for utilizing natural and man-made environments will be explored. School grounds, local communities, nature centers, museums and historical areas will be analyzed as potential learning sites. 3 s.h. 3 c.h.

RATIONALE

This course evolved from interest and non-credit course work offered to in-service teachers in Kutztown's service area. The state curriculum requirement to address environment citizenship and family living in the elementary curriculum is met in this course. As a multi-disciplinary, non-grade specific course it provides a necessary program elective for students.

OBJECTIVES

After completing this course, the student will be able to:

1.define outdoor education

2.explain the nature of outdoor education as a multi-disciplinary

teaching strategy

3.develop a historical perspective for outdoor education

4.explain the rationale for using outdoor education activities with

elementary children

5.identify the curricular areas that could be enhanced through

outdoor education activities

6.identify, locate and evaluate curriculum materials to supplement

outdoor education experiences

7.model or demonstrate appropriate instructional strategies for

outdoor education experiences

8.give a rationale for, locate, evaluate and explain the utilization of

the school site for various learning experiences

9.give a rationale for, identify sites and explain the utilization of the

local community for various learning experiences

10.give a rationale for, locate, evaluate and explain the utilization of

museums and historical sites for various learning experiences

11.give a rationale for, locate, evaluate and explain the utilization of

nature centers for various learning experiences

12.give a rationale for, locate and evaluate sites and explain the

programming for a residential outdoor education experience

ASSESSMENT

Assessment of each teacher candidate’s level of accomplishment with reference to the course objectives will be based upon a subset of the following:

Lesson Plans

  1. Successful development of lesson plans in content. (Environment and ecology, history, and the social sciences that integrate the Pennsylvania State Academic Standards).
  2. Grade level demographics and corresponds to classroom in which they teach
  3. Location based on visits to local outdoor resources which can be used by the school districts in the KutztownUniversity service area.

COURSE OUTLINE

I.The Nature and Scope of Outdoor Education

A.Definitions

B.Characteristics

1.a strategy

2.a content discipline

II.A Historical Perspective

A.Origins

B.Development

C.Trends

III.Rationale for Outdoor Education

A.Inspiration

B.Skill development

1.observation

2.problem solving

3.critical thinking

4.research

5.socialization

6.communication

C.Factual and conceptual knowledge

1.Arts and literature

2.Social sciences

3.Philosophy, ethics and values

4.Science and technology

IV.Curriculum Implications for Outdoor Education

A.Multidisciplinary

B.Across grade levels

V.Methods and Materials for Outdoor Education

A.Methods

1.inquiry

2.guided discovery

3.cooperative learning

4.laboratory

5.field trip

6.computer simulation

7.problem solving

B.Materials

1.commercial publishing programs

a.print

b.non-print

c.computer software

2.teacher made

a.print

b.non-print

c.computer software

3.free materials

a.print

b.non-print

VI.Utilization's of the School Site

A.Site surveying

B.Criteria for evaluation of site usability

C.Integration of site and curriculum

VII.Community Studies

A.Strategies for identifying resources

B.Criteria for evaluation of community resources

C.Implementation models

VIII.Utilization of Museums and Historical Sites

A.Strategies to locate resources

B.Criteria for evaluation of resources

C.Procedures for integration of resources and curriculum

IX.Utilization of NatureCenters and Wildlife Sanctuaries

A.Strategies to locate resources

B.Criteria for evaluation of resources

C.Procedures for integration of resources and curriculum

X.Residential Outdoor Education

A.Outdoor Schools

1.strategies to locate resources

2.criteria for evaluation of resources

3.procedure for integration of resources and curriculum

B.School Camping

1.planning

2.staffing

3.financing

4.operating

5.evaluating

Instructional Resources

Abruscato, J. (1988). Teaching Children Science. (2nd ed.) Englewood Cliffs,

NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Adkins, C., & Simmons, B. (2002). Outdoor, experiential, & environmental

education: Converging or diverging approaches? ERIC Digest, EDO-RC-02-1 [PDF]

Allen, R. F., Foti, C.P., Ulrich, D.M., Wollard, S.H. (1975). Deciding How to

Live on Spaceship Earth: The Ethics of Environmental Concern.

Evanston, IL: McDougal, Little & Co.

American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation. (1986).

Outdoor Education. (Julian Smith). Washington, DC.

______. (1957). Outdoor Education for American Youth. (prepared by

AAHPER. Smith, Julian W.) Washington, DC.

Andrew, William A., Moore, Donna D., Stoker, Daniel G. (1974). Teachers

Guide for Contours: Studies of the Environment. Englewood Cliffs,

NJ: Prentice Hall.

______. (1974). A Guide to the Study of Environmental Pollution.

Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

______. (1974). A Guide to the Study of Freshwater Ecology. Engelwood

Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

______. (1974). A Guide to the Study of Terrestrial Ecology. Englewood

Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Association of Classroom Teachers. (1970). Man and his Enviroment: An

Introduction to Using. NEA.

Bates, Marston. (1960). The Forest and the Sea: A Look at the Economy of

Nature, and the Ecology of Man. New York: Random House.

Bradshaw, Michael J. (1977). Earth: The Living Planet. New York: Wiley.

Brainerd, John W. (1971). Nature Study for Conservation: A Handbook for

Environmental Education. New York: MacMillan.

Brennan, Mathew J. ed. (1969). People and Their Environment, Teachers'

Curriculum Guide to Conservation,Chicago: Fergusoon.

Brown, C. S. (1988). Like It Was: A Complete Guide to Writing Oral History.

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Brubaker, Sterling. To Live on Earth: Man and His Environment in Perspective.

Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins Press.

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Parks, and Leisure Services. New York: Macmillan.

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Science Curriculum for Grades 4-6. (1987). National Aquarium in Baltimore.

Hammerman, Donald, Hammerman, Wm. M., (1973). Outdoor Education:

A Book of Readings. (2nd ed.). Minneapolis, MN: Burgess.

Hammerman, Donald, Hammerman, Wm. M., Hammerman, Elizabeth. (1985).

Teaching in the Outdoors. Danville, IL: The Interstate Printers and Publishers,

Inc.

Jensen, C.R. (1985). Outdoor Recreation in America. Minneapolis, MN: Burgess.

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Leopold, Aldo. (1972). A Sand CountyAlmanac. New York: Ballantine.

Lewis-Walters, J. and Hamilton, L. (1993). Integrating Environmental Education

into the Curriculum....Painlessly. Bloomington, IN: National Educational

Service.

Link, Michael. (1981). Outdoor Education, A Manual for Teaching in Nature's

Classroom.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Lippson, Alice Jane and Lippson, Robert L. (1984) Life in Chesapeake Bay.

Baltimore, MD: The JohnHopkinsUniversity Press.

McAlester, V. and McAlester, L. (1989). A Field Guide to American Houses.

New York: Knopf.

MacMillan, Dorothy Lou. (1956). School Camping and Outdoor Education.

Dubuque, IA: W.C. Brown.

Matre, Steve Van. (1979). Acclimatization: A Sensory and Conceptual Approach

to Ecological Involvement. Martinsville, IN: American Camping

Association.

______. (1979). Acclimatizing: A Personal and Reflective Approach to

a Nature Relationship. Mountainville, IN: American Camping Association.

______. (1979). Sunship Earth. Martinsville, IN: American Camping

Association.

Milliken, Margaret, Hamer, Austin F, and McDonald Ernest C. (1968).

Study Manual for Outdoor Learning. Minneapolis, MN: Burgess.

Morris, Talyo. (1972). The Walk of the Conscious Ants. New York: Knopf.

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A Selected Bibliography. Danville, IL: The Interstate.

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Nobile, Phillip, and Deedy. John. (1972). The Complete Ecology Fact Book.

Doubleday.

Russell, H. R. (2001). Ten minute field trips: A teacher’s guide to using the school for environmental studies. Arlington, VA: NSTA Press.

Sale, Larry L. and Lee, Ernest W. (1972). Evnironmental Education in the

Elementary School. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston.

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International Case Studies. LondonEngland: John Wiley.

Schoenfield, Clay. (1971). Outline of Environmental Education. Dembar Educational Research Services, Inc.

Schug, Mark C. and Beery, R. "Eds." (1984). Community Study: Application

and Opportunities. National Council for the Social Studies Bulletin,

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(1972). Outdoor Education. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

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The Phi Delta Kappa Eductional Foundation.

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