Edited by Rob Carson, Andrew Hart, and Quentin Roper

Deep Bench 2007

Questions by Jeremy Hixson

Edited by Rob Carson, Andrew Hart, and Quentin Roper

Quads Tossups

1. In one of this author's short stories, a young man contemplates what he should tell a girl, eventually deciding on a story about fate, but she passes him before he can speak. That story, "On Seeing the 100% Perfect Girl One Beautiful April Morning" appeared in this author's collection, The Elephant Vanishes. One of his novels tells the stories of a Calcutec whose brain has been split and of a man who lives with villagers whose shadows have been destroyed. That novel, Hard-Boiled Wonder Land and the End of the World followed A Wild Sheep Chase and Pinball, 1973. FTP, who is this Japanese author, best known for the novels The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle,Norwegian Wood and Kafka on the Beach?
ANSWER: Murakami Haruki or Haruki Murakami

2. In the Orthodox tradition, non-adherents to the doctrine established here applied the "Trisagion hymn" to Christ, an interpretation expressly banned in the 81st Canon of the Council of Trullo. Justinian I sanctioned the use of the hymn "Ho monogenês" with the controversial Theopaschite formula in the Divine Liturgy in an attempt to reconnect with those alienated by this council. The Marionite Church of Syria broke with the Syrian Orthodox Church over this church council, which established the invalidity of the Eutychian form of monophysitism. FTP, what is this fourth ecumenical council, held in 451 CE, which established a namesake creed declaring the dual-nature of Christ?
ANSWER: Council of Chalcedon

3. The precision of one type of this effect has led to the definition of the von Klitzing constant, while the current density associated with it is often measured using the van der Pauw method. The Rigghi-Leduc effect helps describe the thermal version of this, while the Corbino effect is its analogue in metal discs. The basic principle underlying it is the Lorentz force, and this effect offered proof that moving electrons, not protons, are mobile charge carriers in materials. FTP, identify this effect named for an American physicist, in which a magnetic field applied perpendicular to an electric current creates a potential difference on opposite sides of an electrical conductor.
ANSWER: Hall effect (accept quantum Hall effect before "van der Pauw")

4. This man is believed to have been behind the agrarian reform bill proposed by Gaius Laelius Sapiens during the latter's praetorship in 145 BCE. He was married to Sempronia, the elder sister of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus, two men who formed the core of a rival political faction. He won his second consulship in 134 and led Rome to victory against the Celtiberians of Numantia. After serving under his father at Pydna during the Third Macedonian War, he was adopted into a powerful family and won his first election to the consulship, despite being too young. FTP, name this Roman general and statesman, best known for the destruction of Carthage at the end of the Third Punic War.
ANSWER: Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Numantinus (prompt on Scipio Africanus)

5. In Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, Sandra Day O'Connor disagreed with this case's ruling but referenced this case in establishing an understanding of "equal protection" in the Fifth Amendment. In his dissent to Hugo Black's majority opinion, FrankMurphy cites Sterling v. Constantin and Charles Evans Hughes's claim that questions of military necessity versus the rights of citizens fall to the judiciary. Centered on Exclusion Order No. 34 and Executive Order No. 9066 and upholding the earlier Hirabayashi v. United States, this is, FTP, what Supreme Court case which found constitutional the government detention of Japanese-Americans?
ANSWER: Korematsu v. United States 323 U.S. 214 (1944)

6. The US dispatched the Trescot Mission to negotiate an end to this conflict, while the conduct of the Crédit Industriel caused considerable scandal for the then departing Secretary of State, James G. Blaine. Capt. Arturo Prat became a hero for one side when he was killed after leaping aboard an enemy vessel alone, after hisEsmeralda was rammed during the Battle of Iquique. One side completely controlled the seas after the Cochrane captured the Huascar and promptly began a ground invasion. FTP, name this war between the forces of Chile and those of Peru and Bolivia, which is named for the coastal gains the Chileans made at its conclusion.
ANSWER: War of the Pacific or Saltpeter War or Guano War

7. In an inscription attributed to Niarchus which is found on the tomb of Telephanes, this man is included in a list of master artists along with Homer and Orpheus. In Book XII of the Metamorphoses, he relates the story of Caeneus to Achilles, while in another workhe is often referred to as the "Gerenian horseman." His son Thrasymedes once donated his sword and shield to Diomedes, while this man was saved from death at the hands of Memnon by another of his sons, Antilochus. In the Odyssey, Telemachus travels to this man's land of Pylos for advice. FTP, name this king who made several long-winded attempts to reconcile Achilles and Agamemnon in the Iliad.
ANSWER: Nestor

8. A proposed mechanism for this reaction involves radical anions and zinc carbenoid intermediates, and pinacols are often produced as side products. An amalgamated mercury is present, with the mercury acting only as a clean surface for the reaction, while the metal it binds with functions as the reductant in a hydroxyl solution of HCl or another mineral acid. Commonly used after a Friedel-Crafts acylation to produce an alkyl final product, this acidic counterpart to the strongly basic Wolf-Kishner reduction uses amalgamated zinc. FTP name this reaction named after a Danish-American chemist, which is the reduction of a carbonyl group of a ketone to a methylene group.
ANSWER: Clemmensen Reduction

9. In one game in which this character appears, he is played primarily as a boxing specialist, though his jump-S and LLL sword attacks are considered useful. In another appearance, he is the only male character able to equip Ribbons, and in that game the technique Cherry Blossom is added to his repertoire. His escape from the laboratory of Professor Hojo with Zack Fair is detailed in the OVA Last Order, an expansion of a flashback from the game he starred in, while in its sequel movie, this character defeats Bahamut SIN and the triplets Kadaj, Yazoo, and Loz, along with an incarnation of his greatest foe, Sephiroth. Born and raised in Nibelheim, FTP, name this spiky-haired Buster Sword-wielding protagonist of Final Fantasy VII.
ANSWER: CloudStrife (accept either)

10. A lutist and the girl for whom he is playing in this painting are the subject of a description by Sylvia Plath in the second stanza of her poem "Two Views of a Cadaver Room," and are found in the lower right corner of this work. Near them are strewn playing cards and a backgammon board, while to their left a banquet has been disturbed. In the upper left corner, the sky is filled with smoke, while in the upper right, several raised breaking wheels can be seen towering over a man on the gallows and another man about to be beheaded. In the center an army of the dead herds many of the living into what appears to be a large box in, FTP, what 1562 painting by Pieter Brueghel the Elder?
ANSWER: The Triumph of Death

11. Bertolt Brecht left an adaptation of this play unfinished at his death; that adaptation was completed by Wekwerth and Tenscher and staged in 1962. In this work's opening scene, one man is called "the great toe of this assembly... being one o' the lowest, basest, poorest/ Of this most wise rebellion," after another relates Aesop's fable of the body's revolt against the stomach. Act II, scene iii sees Sicinius and Brutus set their plot in motion among the masses, eventually leading the title character to side with his enemies, the Volsces. After entreaties from his mother, Volumnia, that character is killed by Aufidius's conspirators in, FTP, what Shakespeare tragedy about a Roman general who leads an enemy army against Rome to seek revenge?
ANSWER: Coriolanus

12. The presence of this hormone promotes the creation of cardiomyocytes from stem cells and it also stimulates blood pressure regulation through release of ANP. It alters the role of GABA in fetal neurons and reduced potential anoxic damage during delivery. Recent research indicates that nasal application of this hormone in humans results in greater "trust" and less social anxiety. Produced in the paraventricular nucleus, this hormone is, like the structurally similar ADH, released via the posterior pituitary gland from the hypothalamus. FTP, name this hormone, which results in contractions of the uterus during childbirth and in the ejection of milk during breast-feeding.
ANSWER: Oxytocin

13. The New York Minerva, a Federalist paper, published Jefferson's politically damaging "Mazzei Letter," which was written in response to this; while it also prompted attacks from Benjamin Franklin Bache in his Republican Philadelphia Aurora against Washington. The Directory interpreted it as an alliance against France, but it resulted in but one gain, namely the British evacuation of forts in the northwest. Moreover, it failed to address such concerns as impressment and the opening of British ports to American trade. FTP, name this agreement which avoided war with Britain in 1795 and which was named for its chief U.S. negotiator, the then Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
ANSWER: Jay's Treaty or Jay Treaty or Treaty of London

14. This character was said to own a magic hound which could turn spring water into mead by bathing in it. He spared the life of one of his predecessors, Bres, when he promised to teach his people to plow. After Nuada Argétlamh's death, he rallied his army at the Second Battle of Magh Tuireadh and defeated Balor, whose giant, destructive eye he shot through the back of his skull. He received his sword, Retaliator, from either Urias or Manánnan Mac Lir, but he was more associated with an insatiable spear, the Red Javelin, which he took from Tuirenn's sons as payment for his father's murder. The son of Cian and Ethniu, FTP, name this Irish deity, whose name means "bright," the leader of the Tuatha dé Danaan and the father of Cúchulainn.
ANSWER: Lugh Lamhfada or Lugh of the Long Arm or Lleu Llaw Gyffes or Lleu of the Skillful Hand

15. Near the end of this work, the main character urges his attendants to speak accurately, for not to do so is both unharmonious and even damaging to the soul. Earlier in this work, the main character explains that Aesop should have composed a fable explaining that pleasure and pain are connected by a single head and thus always present together. In one of his arguments, the main character demonstrates to Simmias that the bodily senses cannot be trusted and uses this to argue in favor of his view that philosophers are right to seek death, because the afterlife will be pleasant. FTP, name this Platonic dialogue, which tells of the death of Socrates as told to Echecrates by the title character.
ANSWER: Phaedo

16. For small values of x, the nth one of these can be represented by the quantity x over 2 to the nth power times one over the gamma function of n plus 1. The first spherical one is known as the unnormalized sinc function, while the second kind of these are also referred to as Neumann functions, and complex linear combinations of the first and second kind are called Hankel functions. The Riccati variety of these are used to deal with problems arising in Mie scattering, while the graph of the first and second kinds resemble decaying oscillations. Used for many problems in wave propagation, such as modeling the vibrations of a drum head, FTP identify these functions named after a German astronomer and usually represented by the letters Y and J.
ANSWER: Bessel functions

17. The ninth chapter of this work was published independently in Contemporary Review in 1849 as the title character's "Dream" and features vivid descriptions of that character's childhood home. One character in this work is so forgettable even to the other characters that the narrator decides to call him Alexeyev. Other characters in this work include the protagonist's manservant Zakhar and his one-time fiancée Olga, who cancels their wedding after a series of delays. The vivacity of the title character's best friend, Stolz, is in stark contrast to the protagonist's laziness, who does not leave his bed until well into the novel. FTP, name this novel about the titular superfluous man par excellence, a work of Ivan Goncharov.
ANSWER: Oblomov

18.Dimitri Sitkovetsky has transcribed this work for string trio and string orchestra, Arthur Frackenpohl has transcribed it for brass quintet, and the Canadian Brass released a CD consisted solely of this work. Its sixth part contains a "canon at the second;" it also contains a four-voicefughetta, while the quodlibet near the end includes two popular songs. To restore order, the work ends with the opening aria, which is from the Anna Magdalena Notebook. Originally published in the fourth volume of Clavier-Übung, the name comes from a harpsichord virtuoso who was perhaps this work's first performer. FTP, name this set of 30 variations composed by Johann Sebastian Bach.
ANSWER: GoldbergVariations or BWV 988

19. The upward propagation of Rossby waves of exceptionally long wavelength is responsible for sudden warming in this region. The absorption of high levels of solar energy with wavelengths between .2 and .31 μm near its apex is responsible for its internal temperature maximum, a feature which helps to distinguish Earth from Venus and Mars, the atmospheres of which feature isothermal regions below their thermospheres. Photodissociation of diatomic oxygen in this atmospheric layer, coupled with its relatively high density, results in the formation of the Earth's ozone layer here. FTP, name this layer of the atmosphere found between the mesosphere and troposphere.
ANSWER: Stratosphere

20. Carl Van Doren edited a collection of this writer's shorter works entitled Twenty Stories, and this man dedicated his first poetry collection to Hamlin Garland. A poor child steals a toy fire truck from a rich child in this man's The Ominous Baby, while his poems include "A Man Said to the Universe" and a one which includes the lines, "Great is the battle-god, great, and his kingdom– / A field where a thousand corpses lie." The latter, "War Is Kind," was the namesake of his second poetry collection. In one short story, this author observes that "every sin is the result of a collaboration" and tells of the murder of the Swede. Author of The Blue Hotel and The Open Boat, this is, FTP, what author, best known for The Red Badge of Courage?
ANSWER: Stephen Crane

TB: The expedition which resulted in the choice of this site was the result of planning by Thomas Halkyut and the voyage's financier, both of whom selected to repeat the expedition of Richard Hore made nearly 50 years earlier. It was chosen by Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe, who were introduced to the location by Granganimeo, and the fleet that brought colonists there was led by Richard Grenville. The colonists here left a message for former governor John White in the form of the carved word CROATOAN. FTP, name this island, site of a failed English colony in North Carolina, the loss of which remains a mystery.
ANSWER: Roanoke Island

Deep Bench 2007

Questions by Jeremy Hixson

Edited by Rob Carson and Andrew Hart

Quads bonuses

1. He succeeded his uncle Shirkuh as vizier of Egypt in 1169 and abolished the Fatimid Caliphate two years later. FTPE:
[10] Name this Kurdish Muslim leader, best known for his role as Richard the Lionheart's principal foe during the Third Crusade.
ANSWER: Saladin or al-Malik al-Nasir Salah ed-Din Yusuf
[10] Saladin's predecessor, Shirkuh, was a general for this successor of Zengi and ruler of Syria, whom Saladin himself succeeded upon his death in 1174.
ANSWER: Nur ed-Din or al-Malik al-Adil Nur al-Din Abu al-Qasim Mahmud Ibn 'Imad al-Din Zangi
[10] In order to cut off the Crusader States and secure his own power, Saladin concluded a treaty with Kilij Arslan II, the leader of this group, which had put the Byzantines on the defensive with a victory at Myriocephalum.
ANSWER: Seljuk Turks

2. Answer some questions related to the group of composers called "The Five," FTPE:
[10] Left incomplete at Alexander Borodin's death, this opera relates the titular character's campaign against the Cumans and contains the Polovtsian Dances. It was finished by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Aleksandr Glazunov.
ANSWER: Prince Igor
[10] Based on a poem by Aleksandr Pushkin, this opera by Rimsky-Korsakov is best known for The Flight of the Bumble Bee and tells of an exiled prince who visits his father's kingdom with the help of an enchanted swan.
ANSWER: The Tale of Tsar Saltan, of His Son the Renowned Bogatyr Prince Gvidon Saltanovich, and of the Beautiful Princess Swan
[10] This member of The Five was renowned in his day as a music critic and completed Borodin's unfinished The Fair at Sorochintsi. His own works include the operas The Mandarin's Son and Prisoner of the Caucuses.
ANSWER: César Cui