Electronic Supplementary Material
Article:Host and habitat filtering in seedling root-associated fungal communities: taxonomic and functional diversity are altered in ‘novel’ soils
Journal: Mycorrhiza
Authors:Brian J. Pickles1, Monika A. Gorzelak, D. Scott Green, Keith N. Egger, Hugues B. Massicotte
Affiliation:Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada.
1Present address:Department of Conservation and Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
1Email:
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Online Resource 1. Details of location and environmental characteristics for experimental seedlots.
Species1 / Seedlot(Code) / Latitude
(N) / Longitude (W) / Elevation (m) / MAT2
(oC) / MCMT3
(oC) / MSP4
(mm) / SHM5
(MWMT)/(MSP/1000) / TD6
(oC) / EMT7
(oC)
DF / 08192 (B1) / 50.11 / 118.30 / 1050 / 4.0 / -7.5 / 386 / 41.0 / 23.4 / -37.8
DF / 08492 (B2) / 52.37 / 121.45 / 950 / 3.3 / -9.1 / 300 / 47.5 / 23.4 / -41.4
DF / 30515 (B3) / 50.26 / 118.46 / 875 / 5.5 / -6.5 / 301 / 56.2 / 23.5 / -36.3
DF / 60784 (A1) / 50.10 / 117.70 / 1086 / 4.1 / -7.6 / 331 / 49.0 / 23.3 / -37.9
DF / 63057 (A2) / 52.40 / 120.90 / 925 / 3.2 / -9.7 / 301 / 49.0 / 24.2 / -41.4
DF / 63077 (A3) / 50.70 / 118.60 / 641 / 5.5 / -6.6 / 308 / 56.0 / 23.6 / -36.1
DF / 63016 (A4) / 52.70 / 122.20 / 853 / 3.6 / -8.9 / 290 / 52.0 / 23.7 / -40.5
DF / 63058 (A5) / 53.60 / 122.80 / 772 / 3.2 / -8.9 / 306 / 48.0 / 23.2 / -40.3
LP / 31002 (B1) / 52.42 / 121.37 / 1150 / 3.7 / -8.4 / 353 / 41.3 / 23.0 / -40.2
LP / 40297 (B2) / 54.27 / 123.02 / 772 / 3.0 / -10.6 / 248 / 59.9 / 25.5 / -42.4
LP / 44753 (B3) / 51.42 / 119.45 / 700 / 5.0 / -6.7 / 297 / 55.2 / 23.1 / -36.0
LP / 63018 (A1) / 50.50 / 119.1 / 952 / 4.7 / -7.1 / 269 / 61.0 / 23.0 / -36.8
LP / 63020 (A2) / 50.70 / 119.2 / 910 / 5.1 / -6.7 / 280 / 59.0 / 23.2 / -36.1
LP / 63054 (A3) / 54.10 / 123.4 / 798 / 2.7 / -10.3 / 285 / 52.0 / 24.5 / -42.0
LP / 63055 (A4) / 53.50 / 123.5 / 858 / 3.0 / -9.4 / 284 / 52.0 / 23.5 / -40.6
LP / 63056 (A5) / 52.80 / 121.9 / 827 / 3.7 / -8.6 / 317 / 49.0 / 23.5 / -39.6
1 DF = Interior Douglas-fir; LP = Interior Lodgepole pine. 2 Mean Annual Temperature. 3 Mean Coldest Month Temperature. 4 Mean annual Summer (May to Sept) Precipitation.5 Summer Heat:Moisture index. 6 Continentality (Temperature Difference between Mean Warmest Month Temperature and MCMT).7 Extreme Minimum Temperature (over 30 years).
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Online resource 2. Location, environmental characteristics and soil nutrient data for each field site.
Field siteVariable / VN-DF / PG-DF / JP-DF / MZ-LP / FS-LP
Host1 / DF / DF / DF / LP / LP
BEC zone2 / IDFmw13 / SBSdw34 / SBS5 / SBSmk16 / BWBSmw17
Latitude (N) / 50.10 / 53.54 / 54.39 / 55.14 / 56.33
Longitude (W) / 119.11 / 122.49 / 124.27 / 123.04 / 121.23
Elevation (m) / 1250 / 778 / 716 / 697 / 874
MAT8(oC) / 3.4 / 3.2 / 2.7 / 2.3 / 0.8
MCMT9(oC) / -7.7 / -9.1 / -10.5 / -12.4 / -13.8
TD10(oC) / 22.1 / 23.3 / 24.9 / 27.1 / 27.9
MSP11(mm) / 291 / 369 / 218 / 264 / 288
SHM12(MWMT)/(MSP/1000) / 49.7 / 38.4 / 66.2 / 55.7 / 49.1
DD<013 / 843 / 951 / 1115 / 1280 / 1654
DD<1814 / 5122 / 5211 / 5372 / 5546 / 6068
NFFD15 / 154 / 158 / 157 / 158 / 147
FFP16 / 78 / 83 / 84 / 89 / 81
EMT17 (oC) / -37.8 / -41.1 / -42.1 / -44.1 / -45.8
Soil CEC18(Cmol+/Kg) / 43.96 / 27.29 / 37.58 / 3.46 / 111.07
Soil C:N ratio / 36.85 / 42.38 / 40.30 / 50.47 / 33.13
Soil Mineral N (mg/Kg)19 / 197.79 / 156.52 / 101.93 / 47.39 / 674.96
Soil Available P (mg/Kg) / 612.24 / 181.48 / 73.29 / 52.74 / 129.61
Soil pH (H2O) / 5.37 / 5.13 / 5.29 / 4.74 / 5.54
1 DF = Interior Douglas-fir; LP = Interior Lodgepole pine. 2British Columbia Biogeoclimatic zone. 3 Interior Douglas-fir, moist warm. 4 Sub-boreal Spruce, dry warm. 5 Sub-boreal Spruce, dry warm to moist cool transition zone. 6 Sub-boreal Spruce, moist cool. 7 Boreal White and Black Spruce, moist warm. 8Mean annual temperature.9 Mean coldest month temperature.10Continentality (temperaturedifference between mean warmest and coldest month temperature).11Mean annual summer (May to Sept) precipitation.12Summer heat: moisture index. Degree-days: 13below 0oC, 14below 18oC. 15Number of frost-free days.
16Frost free period. 17Extreme minimum temp (over 30 years).18Cation exchange capacity. 19 Soluble (mineral) nitrogen contained in the sample (i.e. NO3-N and NH4-N).
Online Resource 3. Fungal species matches to local NGS database.
Species ID / Host1 / Match2 / Best local match,Overlap(%) / Field sites in which genus/species was detected
Cenococcum sp. / Both / Species / Seq203, 471/490 (96%) / All
Helotiales sp. / LP / Species / Seq083, 285/294 (96%) / VN-DF
Inocybe jacobi / LP / Genus / No match / VN-DF/PG-DF/JP-DF/FS-LP
Laccaria sp. / LP / None / No match / -
Leptodontidium sp. / LP / Genus / No match / VN-DF/PG-DF/FS-LP
Meliniomyces sp. 1 / Both / Species / Seq096, 484/484 (100%) / PG-DF/JP-DF/MZ-LP/FS-LP
Meliniomyces sp. 2 / LP / Genus / Seq096, 472/499 (94%) / PG-DF/JP-DF/MZ-LP/FS-LP
Meliniomyces sp. 3 / LP / Species / Seq095, 280/284 (98%) / VN-DF
Phialocephala sp. 1 / Both / Species / Seq100, 464/464 (100%) / All
Phialocephala sp. 2 / Both / Species / Seq101, 417/417 (100%) / All
Piloderma sp. / Both / Species / Seq248, 298/303 (98%) / All
Pyronemataceae sp. / Both / Species / Seq260, 524/524 (100%) / All
Rhizopogon sp. 1 / DF / Species / Seq269, 416/416 (100%) / VN-DF/PG-DF/JP-DF/MZ-LP
Rhizopogon sp. 2 / DF / Species / Seq270, 406/406 (100%) / VN-DF/PG-DF/JP-DF
Rhizopogon sp. 3 / DF / Species / Seq271, 412/412 (100%) / PG-DF/JP-DF/FS-LP
Rhizopogon sp. 4 / DF / Species / Seq272, 406/406 (100%) / VN-DF/JP-DF/MZ-LP
Rhizopogon sp. 5 / LP / Species / Seq273, 422/422 (100%) / VN-DF/PG-DF/JP-DF/MZ-LP
Suillus lakei / DF / Species / Seq174, 401/410 (97%) / All
Suillus sp. 1 / LP / Genus / Seq173, 279/300 (93%) / MZ-LP
Suillus sp. 2 / LP / Species / Seq173, 356/364 (97%) / MZ-LP
Suillus sp. 3 / LP / Genus / Seq174, 363/387 (93%) / All
Thelephora terrestris / LP / Species / Seq298, 323/344 (93%) / PG-DF/MZ-LP
Tuber sp. 1 / DF / Species / Seq332, 490/490 (100%) / MZ-LP
Tuber sp. 2 / Both / Species / Seq333, 480/480 (100%) / PG-DF/JP-DF/MZ-LP
Tuber sp. 3 / DF / Species / Seq334, 466/481 (96%) / PG-DF
Unknown sp. 1 / DF / - / - / -
Unknown sp. 2 / DF / - / - / -
Unknown sp. 3 / LP / N/A / Seq036, 480/497 (96%) / VN-DF/PG-DF/JP-DF/MZ-LP
Unknown sp. 4 / LP / - / - / -
1DF = Interior Douglas-fir; LP = Interior Lodgepole pine. 2To genus/species, local database.
Online Resource 4.NMS ordination of seedling root tip fungal community data illustrating the host differences between species along axes 1 & 2 (a), and 1 & 3 (b). Dotted lines used to connect species names to data points where necessary. Full solution is 3-dimensional (Stress = 16.49, P < 0.05). Note this is the companion piece to manuscript Figure 3.
Online Resource 5. Pearson (r) and Kendall (τ) correlations with NMS ordination axes for main and secondary matrices of both fungal community (Figure 3) and exploration type (Figure 4) analyses. Bold text used to highlight factors with r2 0.30
r / r2 / τ / r / r2 / τ / r / r2 / τ
Colonist/Factor1 / Fungal species data (Figure 3)
Uncolonised / 0.17 / 0.03 / 0.02 / -0.84 / 0.70 / -0.72 / -0.02 / 0.00 / -0.05
Pyronemataceae sp. / -0.85 / 0.73 / -0.67 / 0.48 / 0.23 / 0.39 / 0.20 / 0.04 / 0.12
Meliniomyces sp.1 / 0.72 / 0.52 / 0.51 / -0.15 / 0.02 / -0.10 / 0.37 / 0.13 / 0.30
Rhizopogon sp.1 / -0.75 / 0.57 / -0.58 / 0.40 / 0.16 / 0.36 / -0.24 / 0.06 / -0.18
Soil CEC / 0.03 / 0.00 / -0.15 / -0.68 / 0.46 / -0.37 / 0.08 / 0.01 / 0.19
Soil Mineral N / 0.12 / 0.01 / -0.13 / -0.69 / 0.48 / -0.34 / -0.07 / 0.01 / 0.05
MAT / -0.33 / 0.11 / -0.20 / 0.64 / 0.41 / 0.36 / 0.20 / 0.04 / 0.13
DD<0 / 0.37 / 0.13 / 0.20 / -0.60 / 0.36 / -0.36 / -0.23 / 0.05 / -0.13
DD<18 / 0.35 / 0.12 / 0.20 / -0.64 / 0.40 / -0.36 / -0.22 / 0.05 / -0.13
NFFD / -0.08 / 0.01 / 0.14 / 0.66 / 0.43 / 0.38 / 0.04 / 0.00 / -0.16
Exploration type data (Figure 4)
Uncolonised / -0.08 / 0.01 / -0.09 / 0.80 / 0.63 / 0.62 / - / - / -
Fungal endophyte / 0.88 / 0.77 / 0.68 / 0.56 / 0.31 / 0.35 / - / - / -
Contact / -0.71 / 0.50 / -0.42 / -0.74 / 0.54 / -0.56 / - / - / -
Short / 0.47 / 0.22 / 0.26 / 0.05 / 0.00 / -0.02 / - / - / -
Long / -0.55 / 0.30 / -0.36 / -0.82 / 0.67 / -0.63 / - / - / -
MAT / -0.27 / 0.07 / -0.21 / -0.57 / 0.32 / -0.40 / - / - / -
DD<0 / 0.30 / 0.09 / 0.21 / 0.56 / 0.31 / 0.40 / - / - / -
DD<18 / 0.28 / 0.08 / 0.21 / 0.57 / 0.32 / 0.40 / - / - / -
1See Online Resource 2 for key to abbreviations.
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