Ecology-Symbiosis and Succession

Ecology

•All living and ______components

•Balance between ______and ______(remember the Kaibab deer)

•Specialists and ______

•Living things fill various ______

•A niche is the way of life or the ______

Example:A rabbit fills the niche of an herbivore and it is prey for carnivores

Symbiosis in the Ecosystem

•Close relationship between ______species

•There are four types

–______

–______

–______

–______

Types of Symbiosis

–Mutualism is when ______

–Commensalism is when one benefits and the other is ______

–Predation is when one species ______the other

–Parasitism is when one species benefits and the other is ______, but not ______(at least not right away!)

Mimicry and Camouflage

•______techniques

•Some species use camouflage to ______

•Others use scare tactics to mimic a ______organism or a ______

Range of Tolerance

•The range of environmental factors in which an organism can ______

•Can be increased if ______

•If factors change too ______for an organism to acclimate, it may _____

Human Impact

•Humans are ______all over the earth

•Rainforests are being destroyed by ______every minute for:

•______

•______

•______

•______

Global Warming and Greenhouse Effect

•The earth has ______(become tropical) several times in its history

•The earth has had several ______

•We are currently in a warm, ______period

•Certain ______in the atmosphere act like the ______of a greenhouse

•They let the sunlight in, but do not let the ______escape

•CO2, ______, & methane are a few such gases

•Also, ______helps shield us from ultra violet rays to keep us from getting too much heat

•______are chemicals that harm the ozone layer

•The Greenhouse Effect is the ______that humans are speeding up the natural process by our activities

Human activities may increase the Greenhouse Effect

•______fossil fuels (gas, oil, coal) releases CO2

•CO2 is being added ______than it can be recycled by photosynthesis

•CFCs are released when we use ______and certain ______

Succession

•The sequence that living things ______in an ecosystem

–Primary succession begins with ______

–Secondary succession begins after a ______. Soil is already present

Example: Lichen can grow where there is only rock

•Primary succession

–______& mosses

•Break down rock to begin forming soil

–______

–______

–______

•Secondary succession

–______

–______

–______

Stability in the Environment

•When predators and prey are in ______, there is more diversity of species.

•When a ______occurs, the stability is altered

•Example:Humans may remove all predators from an area and the prey exceed their carrying capacity, remember the Kaibab.