Ecology Study Guide Part 2
Test Date: ______
Organisms obtain food, water, shelter, and other things it needs to live, grow, and reproduce from its ______.
An environment that provides these things for an organism is its _______.
Circle the correct answer:
The living parts of a habitat are called biotic factors/abiotic factors.
The nonliving parts of the habitat are called biotic factors/abiotic factors.
Fill in the blank:
Population Community Ecosystem
All the members of one species living in a particular area is a ______.
All of the different populations that live in an area and interact make up a ______.
A community plus all of the abiotic factors in that habitat make an______.
The study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment is called ______.
Please review the following terms:
Determining Population Size
Direct observation (count the organisms)
Indirect observation (look for signs of organisms)
Sampling (count the organisms in a small area and make an estimate)
Mark and Recapture Studies (capture, mark, and release organisms, then recapture and look for marks)
Choose the correct term:
______is the number of individuals in an area of a specific size.
- Population density b. limiting factor c.carrying capacity
A ______is an environmental condition that causes a population to decrease.
Food and Water
Space
Weather
- Population density b. limiting factor c.carrying capacity
The largest population that an area can support is called______.
- Population density b. limiting factor c.carrying capacity
Complete the following:
3 Interactions among living things:
1. ______
______is the struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resources.
2. ______
______is an interaction in which one organism kills another organism for food.
______have adaptations that help them catch prey.
______have adaptations that help them avoid being killed by predators.
3. ______
- ______One organism benefits while the other is not harmed.
- ______Both organisms benefit.
- ______One organism benefits and the other is harmed.
Energy Flow of Ecosystems
Each of the organisms in an ecosystem fills the role of producer, consumer, or decomposer.
- An organism that can make its own food is a ______. They are the source of all the food in an ecosystem.
- An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms is a ______.
Consumers can be carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores.
- An organism that breaks down waste and dead organisms and returns the raw materials to the environment is a ______.
Please define the following:
Carnivore:
Herbivore:
Omnivore:
Food Chain and Food Webs
A ______is a series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy.
A ______consists of the many overlapping food chains in a particular ecosystem.
An ______shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in the food web.
The most energy is available at the producer level of the pyramid. As you move up the pyramid, each level has less energy available than the level below.
Changes in Communities
Pioneer Species Primary Succession
Pioneer Plants Secondary Succession
Fill in using the terms from above:
______is the series of changes that occur in an area where no soil or organisms exist.
The first species to populate an area are called the ______.
______occurs in a place where an ecosystem currently exists.
When lichens die they create a weak acid that eats away at the rock, creating a soil where mosses can grow and in time larger bushes.
Lichen are ______in succession.
Please review the following diagrams.
The Water Cycle
The processes of evaporation, condensation and precipitation make up the water cycle.
The Carbon and Oxygen Cycle
The carbon and oxygen cycle traces the way producers, consumers, and decomposers each play a role in the linked recycling of carbon and oxygen in ecosystems.
The Nitrogen Cycle
In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen moves from the air to the soil, into living things, and back into the air.
Adaptations:
After reading about the organisms found in freshwater ecosystems explain what types of organisms are found in each environment, and what adaptations make them well suited for that environment.
______ – a consumer that eats dead organisms
______– the first consumer in a food chain (eats a producer)
______– the second consumer in a food chain (eats a primary consumer)
______– a fully established (developed) ecosystem after succession.
BIOMES
A ______ is a group of land ecosystems with similar climates and organisms.
It is mostly the climate (temperature and precipitation) that determines its biome.
(That is because the types of organisms that can live in an area depends a lot on the climate.)
List the Seven Major Biomes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.