Earth Science Unit 4 Test Review: Earth’s Forces
Objectives:
- Explain the theory of plate tectonics and the three types of boundaries
- Describe the types of faults, why they form, and where they occur
- Describe how the energy of an earthquake travels, kinds of seismic waves & scales used to measure
- Describe earthquake damage and how faults are monitored
- Identify where Earth's volcanic regions are located and how they form
Textbook reading:
Chapter 5 Section 5
Chapter 6 Section 1
Chapter 6 Section 2
Chapter 6 Section 3
Chapter 6 Section 4
Chapter 7 section 1
Chapter 7 Section 3
Chapter 7 Section 4
Vocabulary:
Chapter 5 Section 5: plate, scientific theory, plate tectonics, fault, divergent boundary, rift valley, convergent boundary, transform boundary
Chapter 6 Section 1: stress, tension, compression, shearing, normal fault, hanging wall, footwall, reverse fault, strike-slip fault, anticline, syncline, plateau
Chapter 6 Section 2: earthquake, focus, epicenter, P wave, S wave, surface wave, Mercalli scale, magnitude, Richter scale, seismograph, moment magnitude scale
Chapter 6 Section 3: seismogram, friction
Chapter 6 Section 4: liquefaction, aftershock, tsunami, base-isolated building
Chapter 7 Section 1: volcano, magma, lava, Ring of Fire, island arc, hot spot
Chapter 7 Section 3: magma chamber, pipe, vent, lava flow, crater, pyroclastic flow, dormant, extinct
Chapter 7 Section 4: shield volcano, cinder cone, composite volcano, caldera, volcanic neck, dike, sill, batholith, geothermal activity, geyser
In addition to the above information you should know:
- Types of stress
- Types of fault
- Know what type of fault each type of stress forms
- Describe the hanging wall in normal and reverse faults
- Anticline and syncline
- Epicenter and focus
- Types of seismic waves
- Scales used to rate earthquakes
- Base-isolated buildings
- How to protect yourself in an earthquake
- Devices used to detect earthquakes & type of movement they measure (horizontal or vertical)
- When earthquakes are likely to occur
- Theory of plate tectonics
- Types of boundaries
- Where volcanic belts form
- Hot spot volcanoes
- Parts of a volcano
- How silica affects a volcano
- Volcano hazards (ash, cinders, bombs)
- Volcanic neck
- Figure 2 p. 163- Types of stress & the types of fault each creates
- Figure 14 p. 218-219: Types of volcanoes
Essay Questions:
- Distinguish between the focus and the epicenter of an earthquake.
- Explain the difference between P and S waves in an earthquake.
- Describe the three stages of a volcano.
****** You may complete the essay questions at home and bring them with you on test day. Essay questions should be written in paragraph form. You should have an introductory sentence, at least three supporting sentences, and a closing sentence.