LIST of TERMS and CONCEPTS DEFINEDfor:

DRAWING

TERMS:

How do you start a drawing?

Line:

  1. Drawing: Making a mark (usually on a piece of paper)
  2. Contour Line: Lines define theoutside edge of a form (an outline)
  3. Cross -contour Line: Lines that go through, around and across a form
  4. Weighted Line (or line weight): The thickness or thinness of a line
  5. Searching Line or a Gesture drawing: a line in which the hand and drawing instrument (pencil) move freely and quickly across the surface of a paper with either continuous rhythm or a series of broken lines… this can follow the contour, go around or across a form
  6. Hatching: parallel lines… commonly used to show value
  7. Cross-hatching lines: crisscrossing lines… can be used in a “X” format or simply crossing the parallel lines
  8. Implied line:Technique used to manipulate the viewer’s eye towards focal pt.

Sketching:

  1. Sketch: generally implies a drawing done quickly with minimal or no elaboration, using scribbled tones to suggest form, texture, and shadow

**An effective sketch requires the artist to see quickly and clearly being able to concentrate and make judgments. A sketch can be done as simply “a sketch” or prior to doing a more elaborate drawing in the future.

  1. Thumbnails: Quick sketches (usually small in size) that record ideas for future drawings.
  2. Viewfinder:Device used as a window for framing the composition.

What are you going to draw?

  1. Subject: The identifiable images in a piece of artwork. (What an artwork is of… person, animal, landscape, still life… etc)
  2. Still-life: Arrangement of non-moving objects in a work of art.
  3. Portrait: A drawing of a person.
  4. Content: The message, idea, or feeling of a piece of art.(What an artwork is about).
  5. Iconography:The symbolic meaning of the subject matter.

How is it going to look?

  1. Representational: Artist attempt to capture reality in the work.
  2. Abstract: Artist distorts reality, but objects are still recognizable.
  3. Nonrepresentational/ Nonobjective: Artist shows no recognizable objects in the work.

How will items (the subject) be arranged?

Composition:

  1. Composition:The basic overall arrangement of a work.
  2. Picture plane:The physical dimensions of a piece of 2-D art.
  3. Cropping: Cutting off the subject at the edges of the picture plane.
  4. Foreground:The area closest to the viewer in a composition.
  5. Middle ground: Area of a composition between the foreground and background.
  6. Background:The area furthest from the viewer in a composition.

26.Point of view:Position from which the viewer of art is meant to look.

Focal point:Area to which the artist directs the viewer’s attention.

Foreshortening: Shortening objects that are pointed towards or away from the viewer to show depth on a flat plane.

Balance:

  1. Asymmetrical: One half of a piece is unbalanced with the other half.
  2. Symmetrical:One half of a piece is balanced with the other.
  3. Radial: A balance where there is a center point and all elements “radiate” out of the center
  4. Geometric shape:Shapes with clean, straight edges, such as triangles and circles.
  5. Organic shape:Shapes with irregular edges, such as leaves or puddles.

Space:

32.Positive space:The shape of the object that is the subject of a work of art.

33.Negative space:The area surrounding the positive space.

34.Ambiguous space:When the relationship between the positive space and the

negative space is undefined.

35.Shallow space:A composition with little depth or feeling of distance.

36.Deep space:A composition with great depth or feeling of distance.

37.Scale:Relative size of an object compared to objects surrounding it.

How do you make it look “realistic?”

***VALUE***:

38. Value: Darks and lights in a piece “shading”

39. Shading: Several methods of “shading” can be used to add value to a drawing (blending, hatching, rendering etc.)

40. Value Scale: A scale created to show a range of different values that can be used in a drawing. Usually a value scale has at least 6 different values.

*A value scale can be used by artists of all ability levels to check and make sure their drawing is “done” by having a full range of value.

41. Full Range of Value: A drawing that has very light “light” areas and very dark “dark” areas. If you are trying to achieve realism a drawing must have a full range of value.

42. Gradation: Gradual change from light value to dark value.

43. Rendering: A drawing done in a very realistic fashion. There are several styles that can be used to complete a “rendering”… You can use a smooth application where all values are blended, hatching/cross hatching or the “Melevage circle method”.

44. Chiaroscuro:Showing volume by using extreme contrasts in light and dark.

45. Stippling:Using patterns of dots to show values and gradation.

46. Neutrals:Black, white, and all tones of grey.

The 7 stages of light or “Chiaroscuro”:

Specific stages of light and shadow that define volume and space on a 2-dimensional plane.

Light source:Point which emits the light itself (sun, candle, lamp)

Light:The area of typical value on the subject.

Highlight:The area of highest value on the subject.

Shadows:The area of lowest value on the subject.

Cast shadow:The area of dark value cast upon other surfaces.

Core of shadow:The area of darkest value within the cast shadow.

Reflected light:Light that is reflected from the main object to sur-

rounding surfaces, or from surfaces onto the object.

Ways an artist can show depth:

Overlapping:

Size:

Focus:

Placement:

Intensity and value:

Materials:

47. Medium (media):Materials used to produce a piece of artwork.

48. Mixed media:Combination of media in a work (ink, graphite, paint, etc.)

49.Graphite: Pencil or drawings made with pencil.

50. Tooth:The texture of a sheet of paper.

51. Tortillion:Small, tightly wrapped paper used to render (blend) drawings.

52. Fixative:Clear chemical sprayed over a drawing to prevent smearing.

53. Chamois: A piece ofthin suede leather used for blending and smoothing a drawing, typically a charcoal drawing

List of DRAWING mediums: Pencil, pen, ink, color pencils, charcoal, chalk, chalk pastel, oil pastels, eraser, blood, dirt/mud… basically anything that makes a mark on a surface 

So now you have created an artwork… What are you going to do about it?

54.Aesthetics: One’s sense of beauty or visual preference

55.Critique:Honest assessment of one’s own work or the work of others, designed to raise awareness.

56. Commissioned:Artwork that is strictly for profit or sale.

57. Patrons:The people who purchase commissioned artwork.

Matting:

Matting Directions:

-Measure the dimension of your piece… Then subtract approximately an inch from each of those measurements. Example 9X12 (8X11)

-Add 4 to each of those measurements (12X15)… this is to make the boarder of the matt.

-Cut matt board to those dimensions using the paper cutter

-Using the matt cutter measure a 2 inch boarder on the BACK of the matt board with pencil

-Cut the WINDOW out of the matt using the angled blade

-Do not pull out any corners that are still attached… have Miss Fulton cut them with a razor blade