MULTIPLECHOICE SECTION INSTRUCTIONS: Read all instructions carefully. Please answer all questions.Each question is worth 2.5 points. The entire Multiple Choice section is worth 30 points.
1. In the scientific method, a hypothesis ______.
A) isa statement of fact
B) is a proposed explanation based on observations
C) is usually proven to be correct
D) can only be tested once
E) all of the above
2. What is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method?
- Analyze and interpret the data
- State the problem
- Develop a hypothesis
- Share the results with other scientists
- Design and perform an experiment to test the hypothesis
A) II IIIV > I IV
B) III > I V > II > IV
C) V> IV > III > II > I
D) I> III > V II > IV
E) V > II > I > III > IV
3. To test a hypothesis about a given variable, experimental and control groups are tested in parallel. Which of the following best explains the dual experiments?
A) In the control group, a chosen variable is altered in a known way. In the experimental group, that chosen variable is not altered so a comparison can be made.
B) In the experimental group, a chosen variable is altered in a known way. In the control group, that chosen variable is not altered so a comparison can be made.
C) In the experimental group, a chosen variable plus all other variables are altered. In the control group, the chosen variable is altered; however, all other variables are held constant.
D) In the experimental and control groups, two different variables are altered.
E) Experimental and control group experiments are identical and run in parallel to get repeatable results.
4. Which of the following can be considered definitions of “theory”?
A)a theory can be an explanation of scientific laws
B) a theory is an integrated explanation of numerous hypotheses, each supported by a large body of observations and experiments
C) a theory is a condensation and simplification of many data that previously appeared unrelated
D) a theory is a prediction for new data suggesting new relationships among a range of natural phenomena
E) all of the above
5. You have formulated a hypothesis that light is necessary for seed germination.
To test your hypothesis, one set of lettuce seeds is placed in light with warm temperatures and adequate moisture. Another set of identical seeds is placed in the dark under the same set of conditions. The control in the experiment is
A)warm temperature
B)seeds in the light
C)seeds in the dark
D)adequate moisture
E)germination rate
6. A group of medical researchers recently tested the effects of a cholesterol-lowering medication, Drug A on men who had high blood levels of cholesterol. The researchers did the following experiment and obtained the indicated results. One group of 150 men took a tablet containing 40 mg of Drug A for 90 days; 120 of this group decreased their blood levels of cholesterol by at least 10 %. Another group of 150 men was given a tablet with no added Drug A for 90 days; 25 of these men decreased their blood levels of cholesterol by at least 10%.
Which of the following is the most reasonable and accurate conclusion based onresults obtained in this experiment?
A) drug A is good for men
B) drug A is found in the blood of men
C)men taking tablets supplemented with Drug A will show a decrease in cholesterol levels in
the blood
D)men taking tablets supplemented with Drug A will show an increase in cholesterol levels in the blood
E)blood levels of cholesterol are not affected by oral supplementation of Drug A
7. The sexually transmissible disease gonorrhea has become increasingly resistant to treatment with antibiotics. What is the most likely scientific explanation?
A)antibiotic-sensitive gonorrhea bacteria died out, but antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea bacteria have flourished and persisted
B) the gonorrhea bacteria changed their genes when they sensed antibiotics
C)the gonorrhea bacteria learned to avoid antibiotics
D) the antibiotic increased the mutation rate in the gonorrhea bacteria
E) both b and d
8. Which statement best describes the relationship between plants and animals on earth?
A) plants produce O2 and sugars from CO2
B) animals produce CO2 and H2O from sugars and O2
C) plants produce O2 and sugars and animals produce CO2 and H2O
D) animals produce O2 and sugars and plants produce CO2 and H2O
9. Think of the cell as a factory, in which the organelles are specialized sites of production. All cells have a power plant, the mitochondrion. Plant cells have an additional “reactor” for the production of usable energy. It is called the _____.
A)golgi body
B)rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)central vacuole
D)vesicle
E)chloroplast
10. A researcher planted seeds from four types of wheat (Types A, B, C, and D) in a greenhouse to determine which type of wheat grew fastest. The plants were grown for 10 days and measured. The results are shown below. Choose the data set that demonstrates that Type C wheat grew the fastest.
A)A = 20 cm, B = 11 cm, C= 5 cm, D= 2 cm.
B)A = 2 cm, B = 5 cm, C= 1 cm, D= 2 cm
C)A = 22 cm, B = 11 cm, C= 25 cm, D= 4 cm
D)A = 30 cm, B = 12 cm, C= 28 cm, D= 1 cm
E)A = 21 cm, B = 12 cm, C= 20 cm, D= 15 cm
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