13 Colonies
Problems in England
- New Monarchs want absolute power over everything
- 1534- King Henry VIII sets up the Church of England
- proclaimed this church to be national church
- England now all protestant
- Puritans- RADICAL protestants
- want to “purify” the Church of England
- not a popular group in England
- Separatists- want complete separation from Church Of England
Economic Problems
- wool industry at a high
- use farm land for sheep pastures
- people flock to the cities- un employment reaches a new high
Search for New Land
- Separatists- try Holland- does not work
- John Smith- gives out pamphlets preaching about colonies
- Pilgrims- Puritans looking towards “New World”
Plymouth Colony- by Cape Cod- 1st colony in the Northeast
- escaping religious persecution
Mayflower Contract
- simple rules- loyalty to the King- no strong colonial government
major rule- they must bond and work together
William Bradford- leader
- Indians help them- ½ die the 1st winter
- Squanto- Indian that spoke English- organize the 1st “Thanksgiving”
- Colony Survives- life is good
Massachusetts Bay- Boston
- John Winthrop- wanted England to see that colony was doing well
- Leaves England with 17 ships all at once- over 1000 people
- Lacked religious tolerance towards non-puritans
Rhode Island- Providence
- Roger Williams- Separates from Mass because of lack of religious tolerance
Parliament grants their charter
Anne Hutchinson
- Banished for speaking out against the Puritan Church
- Said the soul is internal and the church and its power not needed
Connecticut- 1636
- people leave Mass in search of new land
- Thomas Hooker- leader
- Puritan- but not a strict
- Hartford- major city- charter by King Charles II
New Hampshire-1679 ( Maine now too)
- John Wheelright- leader
- More Mass puritans looking for more land
New Netherlands/ New York- 1664
- Dutch 1st there
- King Charles takes over- gives land to his brother the Duke of York named James II he called NY
- England controls fur trade because NY city huge fur trade port
- Diverse population
New Jersey
- James II gives part of NY to Sir George Carteret/ Lord Berkley
- Bounder set at the Delaware River
Pennsylvania- 1681
- William Penn
- Opposite side of the Delaware River
- Quakers- they were a religious break off of the Puritans
- believed in the personal direct relationship with God
- men and women were equal
Delaware-
- lower colonies of PA
- break off of Quakers- thought some of Quaker ideas were strange
Maryland- 1663
- Catholic Haven
- Lord Baltimore- set up a colony safe for Catholic people to practice
- Away from Virginia on other side of Potomac River
- Set-up system of Separation of Church and State
North/ South Carolina
- warm weather/ fertile land attracts plantation owners
- French/German also come
- 1729- the Carolina colony splits into 2
o North- grows tobacco
o South- grows rice
- Both have large slave population
Georgia
- Sent criminals down there to work off debt to society
- Provided a “buffer” between the Spanish and English colonies