Additional File 5: Unsourced documents and documents excluded at full text

Unsourced documents

References highlighted in bold are those documents that could potentially have interesting information of relevance to this systematic review. The other unsourced references are unlikely to be of relevance to the review after having screened the full texts of other similar references. Some incomplete or incorrect references were captured during the reference downloads from the bibliographic databases.

  1. Agera SIN. (2011) Role of beekeeping in the conservation of forests. Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences; 2011. 10(1):27-32.
  2. Ahebwa WM and Van der Duim DR. (2013) Conservation, livelihoods, and tourism: a case study of the Buhoma-Mukono community-based tourism project in Uganda. Special Issue on Managing Protected, Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 31:96-114
  3. Austin S, Quinn J, Jambang M and Murray D. (2010) Bantaba - a gathering place at the heart of Eden's Rainforest Biome. Addressing global change: a new agenda for botanic gardens. Fourth Global Botanic Gardens Congress, Dublin, Irish Republic, 13-18 June 2010; 2010:1- 6.
  4. Bayer, W. (2004) Gestion complémentaire de la faune sauvage et du bétail en Afrique de l'ouest: utopie ou perspective de développement?
  5. Birdlife International (2003) Mid-term review of the community based conservation in the Bamenda Highlands Project. Unknown Binding.
  6. Borchers, H. (2004) Jurassic Wilderness: Ecotourism as a Conservation Strategy in Komodo National Park, Indonesia. Published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek.
  7. Brandon K. (year unknown) Integrating Conservation and Development. Incomplete or incorrect reference.
  8. Bruci E, Nesturi E, Kadiu E and Apostoli S (2012) The role of agritourism on biodiversity and ecosystem. International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science (IJEES), 2:443-448.
  9. Bynoe P. (2003) Community-based Ecotourism: Whether a Sustainable Livelihood Alternative. Incomplete or incorrect reference.
  10. Cacot, P. and Lazard, J. La domestication des poissons du Mékong: les enjeux et le potentiel aquacole.
  11. CBDC Africa Network (2009) CBDC Africa Experiences, Volume 2. CBDC Africa Experiences, Community Biodiversity Development and Conservation-Africa. Unknown Binding.
  12. Chhettri N. (2004) Ecotourism and biodiversity conservation. ICIMOD, Newsletter of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, (45):17-19.
  13. Chhetri RB. (2000) Relationship between income generating activities and conservation of forest resources: A study in the Churia Forest Development Project Area. Kathmandu: Churia Forest Development Projects GTZ.
  14. Child B and Peterson J (1991) CAMPFIRE in rural development: the Beitbridge experience. Joint Working Paper Series - Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, 89pp.
  15. Clusener-Godt, M. (2002) UNESCO's work for the protection of arid zones with particular emphasis to sabkhat. (Tasks for vegetation science 36) Sabkha ecosystems. Volume 1: The Arabian Peninsula and adjacent countries; 2002. :347-352.
  16. Coote HC, Lowore JD, Luhanga JM and Abbot PG.1993) Community use and management of indigenous forests in Malawi: the case of three villages in the Blantyre City Fuelwood Project area. FRIM Report (Forestry Research Institute of Malawi); iii + 24 pp.
  17. Commonwealth Secretariat(1999)Women and Coastal Biodiversity Conservation: A Case Study of the Cogtong Mangrove Management Project,in Commonwealth Secretariat,Biodiversity and Gender for Sustainable Development, Commonwealth Secretariat, London.
  18. Croucher EA. (2008) We don't know that we have been left behind: The neoliberalization of conservation in the Burunge Wildlife Management Area, northern Tanzania. PhD Thesis submitted to the University of Colorado at Denver, pp. 168.
  19. Dilger R and Leupolz W. (2004) The Bosawas Biosphere Reserve in Nicaragua. Buffer zones: reconciling people, fauna and forests. Agriculture and Rural Development, 11:34-37.
  20. DiPerna P. (2000) Creating income and local employment in a selection of GEF projects. Published by the Global Environment Facility.
  21. Dittrich, M. Ressources non utilisées, ressources perdues: tourisme cynégétique et élevage d'animaux sauvages au service de la conservation de la nature et du développement; des idées venues du Bénin
  22. Fox, J, Bushley B, Dutt S and Quazi SA (eds.) (2007) Making Conservation Work: Linking Rural Livelihoods and Protected Area Management in Bangladesh. Honolulu: East-West Center; Dhaka: Nishorgo Program of the Bangladesh Forest Department. Pp. 176.
  23. Gagnon, C. and Gagnon, S. (2006) L'écotourisme, entre l'arbre et l'écorce: de la conservation au développement viable des territoires.
  24. Galligan B and Lynch G. (1992) Integrating conservation and development: Australia's resource assessment commission and the testing case of Coronation Hill. Discussion papers (Australian National University. Federalism Research Centre), no. 14. Canberra. Federalism Research Centre, Australian National University, 1992.
  25. Ganzhorn JU and Sorg JP. (1996) Special issue: Ecology and economy of a tropical dry forest in Madagascar. Biological Conservation, 83 (2).
  26. Gyimah C and Okrah M (2009) Community-based Tourism and Rural Development: The Case of the Wechiau Hippo Sanctuary in the Wa West District of Ghana. Ghana Journal Of Development Studies, 6(2).
  27. Giri M. (year unknown) Assessment of Women’s Empowerment through Participation in Environmental Conservation and Micro-Finance: A Case Study of Phobjkha Conservation Area, Bhutan. Incomplete or incorrect reference.
  28. Green GC and Barborak J. (1987) Conservation for development - success stories from Central America. The Commonwealth Forestry Review, 66: 91-102
  29. Gupta AK. (year unknown) Ecodevelopment: An effective tool for primate conservation. Pp. 24
  30. Hanks J. (1984) Traditional life-styles, conservation and rural development. Proceedings of a symposium organised by the Institute of Ecology, of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, and the IUCN Commission on Ecology held in Bandung, Indonesia on the 4th and 5th of October 1982
  31. Healy RG and Durham DU. (1994) Ecotourism, handicrafts and the management of protected areas in developing countries. Incomplete or incorrect reference.
  32. Heeger TS, Filipina B Gatus JL and Laron, C. (2001) Community-based coral farming for reef rehabilitation, biodiversity conservation and as a livelihood option for fisherfolk. In L. M. B. Garcia (Ed.), Responsible Aquaculture Development in Southeast Asia. Proceedings of the Seminar-Workshop on Aquaculture Development in Southeast Asia organized by the SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, 12-14 October 1999, Iloilo City, Philippines (pp. 133-145). Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department.
  33. Hinojosa FC (1992) The Cuyabeno Wildlife Production Reserve: human needs and natural resource conservation in the Ecuadorean Amazon. Reference identified on AGRIS, full reference not available:
  34. Hossain J and Roy K (2007) Deserting the Sundarbans: Local peoples' perspective on ADB-GEF-Netherlands funded Sundarbans biodiversity conservation project. Unnayan Onneshan, Nijera kori, Forest Peoples Programme. Pp. 48.
  35. Hossain AKMJ, Kabir MJ and Hossain MA. (2002) Problems and impacts of social forestry program of RDRS as perceived by the beneficiaries. Bangladesh Journal of Training and Development, 15(1/2):41-46.
  36. Jambiya G and Sosovele H (2001) Conservation and Poverty: The Case of Amani Nature Reserve. Research on Poverty Alleviation Series. Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Pp. 52
  37. Kazoora C (2002). Poverty Alleviation and Conservation: Linking Sustainable Livelihoods and Ecosystem Management. A Case Study of Uganda. IUCN EARO, Nairobi. Pp. 96.
  38. Kustermann, THPD. (1996) Family beekeeping-an important component of natural resource conservation programs in Vietnam. Unknown binding.
  39. Larson PF, Schoonmaker M, and Wyckoff-Baird B. (1998) WWF Integrated Conservation and Development Projects: ten lessons from the field, 1985-1996. World Wildlife Fund. Washington D.C.
  40. Le Bel, S., N. Gaidet, et al. (2004). Communal game ranching in Zimbabwe : local empowerment and sustainable game meat production for rural communities: octroi de pouvoirs aux communautés rurales locales et production durable de viande de gibier. In : Game and wildlife science. Symposium international sur l'utilisation durable de la faune sauvage. Paris, France.
  41. Lee WY. (2012) Reconciling Development and Conservation Through Livelihoods: Beekeeping in Kasese, Uganda. Development Studies - University of Auckland, 2012. Pp. 256.
  42. Lees A and Evans B (1993) Helping Conservation Pay; Village Micro Enterprise Development in the Solomon Islands. Fifth South Pacific Conference on Nature Conservation and Protected Areas, Tonga, October 1993.
  43. Levang P, Sitorus S, Abot D and Mamung D (2007). Trade-offs and alternative livelihoods of the forest-dependent people in the Malinau research forest. In: Gunarso, P., Setyawati, T., Sunderland, T.C.H., Shackleton, C. (eds). Managing forest resources in a decentralized environment: lessons learnt from the Malinau research forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. :9-26. Bogor, Indonesia, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).
  44. Mariaca Pelez J. (2002) In-between Frontiers of Conservation and Development: Discourse and Practice of an Integrated Conservation and Development Project in the Bolivian Rainforest. Unknown Binding. Pp. 84
  45. Matzke GE and Nabane N. (1996) Outcomes of a community controlled wildlife utilization program in a Zambezi Valley community. Human Ecology (New York), 24:65-85.
  46. Mbaiwa JE and Kolawole OD. (2013) Tourism and biodiversity conservation: the case of community-based natural resource management in Southern Africa. CAB Reviews Perspectives in Agriculture Veterinary Science Nutrition and Natural Resources 8(10):1-10.
  47. Metcalfe S. (1996) Whose resources are at stake? Community based conservation and community self-governance. Rural Extension Bulletin, 14-18
  48. Myftari S, Apostoli S, Kadiu E and Nesturi E. (2010) Eco-tourism development in the area of Prespa, Albania. Biodiversity and Poverty Alleviation. Proceedings of an International Symposium, London, UK, 28-29 April 2010.
  49. Newbery B. (1997) Building lives with butterflies. Orbit, (66): 6-7.
  50. Noknoi C, Boripunt W, Ngowsiri S and Itsararuk S. (2010) Ecotourism management of Khao Pu - Khao Ya National Park, Thailand. Global Studies Journal, 3: 171-182
  51. Othman MSH. (1997) Promoting beekeeping as a potential trump card in a drive to conserve selected pockets of Melaleuca (Gelam) forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Paper presented at the International conference on Tropical bees and The Environment, UPM, Malaysia
  52. Oduwaiye EA, Obiaga PC and Abu JE. (1997) Environment and resource development. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Forestry Association of Nigeria held in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 22nd-26th September 1997.
  53. Ogazi PO, Hassan UA and Ogunnwusi AA. (1997) Development of indigenous economic plant species: the RMRDC initiatives. Environment and resource development. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Forestry Association of Nigeria held in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 22nd-26th September 1997; 1997. :93-101. 10 ref.
  54. Okidi CO. (year unknown) Conservation and development imperatives. Incomplete or incorrect reference.
  55. Olsson G. (1988) Employment and income generation in social forestry: a case study from Orissa. Employment and income generation in social forestry: a case study from Orissa. 1988, x + 101 pp.
  56. Patalung PN. (1992) Rural Development for Conservation: Experience from the Sup Tai Project. Unknown Binding.
  57. Pet-Soede L. (2003) Mariculture as a sustainable livelihood strategy in support of conservation and management—a case study of Komodo National Park, Indonesia. Annex 2 in: Haylor G, Briggs MRP, Pet-Soede L, Tung H, Yen N T H, Adrien B, O’Callaghan B, Gow C, DeVantier L, Cheung C, Santos R,Pador E, de la Torre M, Bulcock, P and Savage W (2003). Improving Coastal Livelihoods through Sustainable Aquaculture Practices. A report to the collaborative APEC Grouper Research and Development Network (FWG/01/2001). Undertaken for Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) by the STREAM Initiative of the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific Support to Regional Aquatic Resources Management.
  58. Prins K. (2013) Interaction of changes in environment and society: the case of the Mayan Biosphere, Peten Guatemala. CAB Reviews, 8:1-10.
  59. Renard Y, Smith A and Krishnarayan V (2000) Do reefs matter? Coral reef conservation, sustainable livelihoods and poverty reduction in Laborie, St. Lucia. Paper presented at regional conference on 'Managing space for sustainable living in small islands’. CANARI.
  60. Sharma NK. (1999) Alternative land use systems for arid zone. MFP News, 10-12.
  61. Sharma UR. (2003) Rural development and environmental conservation: case study of Royal Chitwan National Park's buffer zone in Nepal Rural development and environmental conservation. Report of an APO Seminar on Rural Development and Environment Conservation held in Nepal, 2-6 July 2001.
  62. Sharma UR. (2001) Cooperative management and revenue sharing in communities adjacent to Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Banko Janakari, 11:3-8.
  63. Soeripto Y. (2001) Research abstracts, Center for International Forestry Research, 2001; 2001. v + 154 pp.
  64. Sodhi NS, Acciaioli G, Erb M and Khee-Jin Tan A. (Eds) (2012) Biodiversity and Human Livelihoods in Protected Areas, Case Studies from the Malay Archipelago. National University of Singapore. Pp. 496.
  65. Sow, F. (2006) Les stratégies de développement de la filière du miel en milieu rural du Sénégal, Guinée, Mali.
  66. Smith J. (2013) National Parks: Sustainable Development, Conservation Strategies and Environmental Impacts. Series: Environmental Science, Engineering and Technology. Nova Science Pub Inc. Pp. 244.
  67. Stem CJL, Lee DR, Deshler DJ and Schelhas JW. (2004) Ecotourism's Conservation Potential: A Case Study of Costa Rican Communities. Unknown Binding.
  68. Suu-Ire RD. (2008) Another way of managing wildlife resources - domestication of the grasscutter (Thryonomys swindrianus) in Ghana. Journal of Commonwealth Veterinary Association, 24: 19-20.
  69. Tassone VC. and Van der Duim, DR. (2008) An analysis of research developments and opportunities in tourism, poverty alleviation and nature conservation. In Pineda FD and Brebbia CA. (2008) Sustainable Tourism III, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, pp. 368.
  70. Thomas J. (1996) Shades of green: The possibilities and limitations of microenterprise promotion in conservation programs. Cornell University, Aug., 1996. 180 pp.
  71. Thompson DM. (1997) Multiple land-use: the experience of the Ngorongoro Conservation area. Tanzania IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas: x + 485 pp.
  72. Vu Tuyen Hoang (1996) Conservation and diversification of PGR in Vietnam. Plant genetic resources in Vietnam. Proceedings of a national workshop held in Hanoi, Vietnam, on 28-30 March, 1995 - 1996. :112-113.
  73. Waithaka J. (2002) The Role of Community Wildlife-based Enterprises in Reducing Human Vulnerability and Environmental Degradation: The Case Of Il Ngwesi Ecotourism Project. Kenya. African Conservation Center.
  74. Walsh S. (year unknown). The Effect of the Copra Subsidy on Fishing, Welfare, and Coral Reef Ecosystems in Kiribati. PhD Thesis submitted to SCRIPPS Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego.
  75. Wang LB, Cheng SX and Li XY. (2008) Conservation and alternative livelihoods: study on the Sanjiang Plain Wetlands. Unknown Binding.
  76. Western D and Wright M (1993) Ecosystem Conservation and Rural Development: The Amboseli Case Study. Liz Claiborne Art Ortenberg Foundation, Kenya. Pp. 48
  77. Wilcox ES (1994) Lessons from the Field: Marine Integrated Conservation and Development. Case Study. WWF, Switzerland. Pp. 54.
  78. Wishitemi B, Ipara H, Nizeyi J, Kiage E and Masila M. (2011) Pro-poor tourism training for rural economic linkages: the case of Ruma National Park, Kenya and Kalangala Islands, Uganda. Natural Resources Management and Land Use. Proceedings of the Cluster Workshop, Nairobi, Kenya, 30th November - 2nd December 2011; 216-223.
  79. Yu Xb. (2006) Economic assessment of alternative livelihood in the context of wetland restoration–A case study of Xipanshanzhou Polder, Dongting Lake, China. Unknown Binding.
  80. Authors Unknown (2003) Rural development and environmental conservation. Report of an APO Seminar on Rural Development and Environment Conservation held in Nepal, 2-6 July 2001; 2003. :188 pp.
  81. Authors Unknown(1997) Ecotourism for Forest Conservation and Community Development: Proceedings of an International Seminar, Held in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 28–31 January, 1997
  82. Authors Unknown (1993) Conference Papers - Fifth South Pacific Conference on Nature Conservation and Protected Areas, Tonga, October 1993.

Excluded documents

The reason for exclusion may be the first one identified by the reviewer rather than the most important one.

Articles excluded on population type (i.e. biodiversity target)

  1. Lwande W, Miller SE, Rogo LM, Bagine RKN and Mukonyi KW (2004) An Integrated Package for the Conservation of the Kakamega Forest. ICIPE Annual Scientific Report 2002-2003. Accessed Online September 2015:
  2. Zamroni A, Laoubi K, and Yamao M. (2011) The development of seaweed farming as a sustainable coastal management method in Indonesia: An opportunities and constraints assessment. In: Brebbia C.A. and Beriatos E. (2011) Sustainable Development and Planning V. WIT Press.
  3. Znajda S (2014) What is 'successful development' in conservation and development projects? Insights from two Nicaraguan case studies. Conservation and Society, 12(3): 318-328

Articles excluded on intervention (i.e. alternative livelihoods project)

  1. Acharya, K. P. & Acharya, S. (2007) Small scale wood based enterprises in community forestry: contribution to poverty reduction. Banko Janakari; 17(1):3-10.
  2. Acosta, R. T. () Smallholders and communities in plantation development: lessons from two ITTO-supported projects. Proceedings of the International Conference on Timber Plantation Development, Manila, Philippines, 7-9 November 2000; 2001. :253-261. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Quezon City, Philippines.
  3. Adams, W. M. & Hulme, D. (2001) If community conservation is the answer in Africa, what is the question? Oryx. 35(3):193-200.
  4. Adams, W. M. & Infield, M. (2003) Who is on the gorilla's payroll? Claims on tourist revenue from a Ugandan national park. World Development (Oxford); 2003. 31(1):177-190.
  5. Addisalem B. (2011) Evaluating the UNDP---GEF Small Grants Programme Funding in Ethiopia: Sustainable Livelihoods and Poverty Alleviation in Action. A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Natural Resources Management. Accessed Online September 2015:
  1. Adeleke, B. O. & Nzama, T. (2013) Assessment of community participation in ecotourism and conservation at Hhuhuwe-Umfolozi Park, South Africa. Journal of Environment and Earth Science; 3(3):27-37.
  2. African Wildlife Foundation and Conservation of Resources in African Landscapes (1999) Kilimanjaro Heartland, Kenya-Tanzania: The Global Conservation Program Achievements and Lessons Learned from 10 years of Support for Threats-based Conservation at a Landscape and Seascape Scale. USAID.
  3. Agence Béninoise pour l'Environnement (2005) Projet de Gestion Communautaire de la Biodiversite Cotiere et Marine du Benin
  4. Ahebwa, W. M. Duim, V. R. van der. & Sandbrook, C. G. (2012) Private-community partnerships: investigating a new approach to conservation and development in Uganda. Conservation and Society; 2012. 10(4):305-317.
  5. Ahebwa, W. M. & Duim, R. van der (2013) Conservation, livelihoods, and tourism: a case study of the Buhoma-Mukono community-based tourism project in Uganda. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. 31(3):96-114.
  6. Ahebwa, W. M. (2012) Tourism, livelihoods and biodiversity conservation: an assessment of tourism related policy interventions at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP), Uganda.
  7. Ahmed, M. R. & Cubbage, F. W. (2003) Gender differences of participation in social forestry programmes in Bangladesh. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods. 13(1):79-100.
  8. Akumsi A (2003). Community participation in wildlife management: The Mount Cameroon experience. Unasylva 214/215, Vol. 54, 37-42
  9. Allison EH and Horemans B (2006) Putting the principles of the sustainable livelihoods approach into fisheries development policy and practice. Marine Policy, Volume 30, Issue 6, November 2006, Pages 757–766.
  10. Allison EH and Ellis F (2001) The livelihoods approach and management of small-scale fisheries. Marine Policy, Volume 25, Issue 5, September 2001, Pages 377–38
  11. Almeyda, AM; Broadbent, EN; Wyman, MS; Durham, WH (2010) Ecotourism Impacts in the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. International Journal of Tourism Research, Volume 12, Issue 6, pages 803–819.
  12. Alpert P (1995) Applying Ecological Research at Integrated Conservation and Development Projects. Ecological Applications, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 4.
  13. Alpert, P. (1996) Integrated conservation and development projects: examples from Africa. BioScience; 1996. 46(11):845-855. 58 ref.
  14. Anderson T (2005) Challenging 'integrated conservation and development' in Papua Guinea: the Bismarck Ramu group. Pacific Economic Bulletin 20(1):56-66.
  15. Amini H and Moslehi M (2011) Tourism development & planning in protected areas, in a sustainable manner.