Effective:Apr-12
Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.
Emergency Response Document Part III Contingency Plan Volume III - Production Operations
Document ID / PR-1066Document Type / Procedure
Security / Unrestricted
Discipline / Engineering and Operations
Owner / UOP – Functional Operations Manager
Issue Date / April 2012
Revision / 8.0
This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise) without prior written consent of the owner.
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iDocument Authorisation
Authorised For Issue – April 2012
Reviewed and Endorsed By:
iiRevision History
The following is a brief summary of the 4 most recent revisions to this document. Details of all revisions prior to these are held on file by the issuing department.
Revision No. / Date / Author / Scope / Remarks8.0 / Apr-12 / Robin NormanUOP6 / Refer to Addendum 2 for details
7.1 / Mar-10 / Robin NormanUOP6 / Added Minor Changes to 3.1.2 & 3.1.3. Refer to Addendum 1 for details
7.0 / May-09 / Robin NormanUOP6 / Reformatted, review and update
6.0 / Oct-05 / UOP1 / Update post reorganisation
iiiRelated Business Processes
Code / Business Process (EPBM 4.0)EP 72 / Maintain and Assure Facilities Integrity
ivRelated Corporate Management Frame Work (CMF) Documents
The related CMF Documents can be retrieved from the CMF Business Control Portal.
Refer to Appendix 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iDocument Authorisation......
iiRevision History......
iiiRelated Business Processes......
ivRelated Corporate Management Frame Work (CMF) Documents......
1Introduction......
1.1Emergency Response Management......
1.2Purpose......
1.3Scope......
1.4Distribution / Target Audience......
1.5Roles and Responsibilities......
1.6Changes to the Document......
1.7Step-out Approval......
2Emergency Response Organisation and Responsibilities......
Figure 1 – Emergency Response Organisation (Production Operations)......
2.1Corporate Emergency Coordination Centre (CECC)......
2.2Local Emergency Control Centre (LECC)......
2.3Emergency Telephone Operator (ETO) – Central Control Room Operator......
2.4On Scene Commander (OSC)......
2.4.1Fire Services......
2.4.2Medical Services......
2.5Security and Emergency Response Management......
3Emergency Response Contingency Plans......
3.1Process Facilities and Pipeline Emergencies......
3.1.1Firing a Gas Leak......
3.1.2Process Fire / Explosion (Generic)......
3.1.3Tank Fire......
3.1.4Oil Tank Rupture......
3.1.5Oil Pipeline or Flowline Failure......
3.1.6Gas Pipeline Failure......
3.1.7Wellhead Leak (Generic)......
3.1.8Annulus Flow Out......
3.2Non-Process Emergencies......
3.2.1Fire in Interior Camps......
3.2.2Fire Involving Explosives Storage / Transport......
3.2.3Chemical Spillage / Leakage......
3.2.4Serious Crime / Acts of Terrorism......
3.2.5Bomb Threat......
3.2.6Personnel Missing or Overdue in the Interior......
3.2.7Road Traffic Accident (RTA's)......
3.3Operations Emergency Telephone Network......
3.3.1Emergency Telephone Testing......
3.3.2Emergency Telephone Response......
4Severe Weather Contingency Plan......
4.1Weather Forecasts......
4.2Safe Refuge Focal Points......
4.3Communications and Support......
4.4Recovery......
4.5Severe Weather Check Lists......
5Operations Interfaces......
5.1Well Engineering......
5.2MOL, SOGL, GGS......
5.3Air Operations......
5.3.1Aerial Medevac......
5.3.2Usage of Non-PDO Flights......
Appendix 1 – Aerial Search Patterns......
Appendix 2 – Missing Person(s) Information Recording / Search Report Sheets......
Appendix 3 – Key Contact Details for UOP Function......
Appendix 4 – Abbreviations......
Appendix 5 – Reference Data......
Appendix 6 - User Feedback Page......
Addendum 1 – Changes at Revision 7.1......
Addendum 2 – Changes at Revision 8.0......
Figures
Figure 1 – Emergency Response Organisation (Production Operations)......
1Introduction
1.1Emergency Response Management
Emergency Response Management has the aim of ensuring that actionscarried out in response to an incident:
- Safeguard lives Personnel P
- Protects the environment EnvironmentE
- Protect Company and Third
Party Assets Assets A - Maintains the Company
Image & Reputation ReputationR
In dealing with an emergency situation all personnel should think ‘PEAR’ and develop action plans accordingly.
The procedure shall be used in conjunction with PR-1065 - Emergency Response Documents Part II - Company Procedure
1.2Purpose
The purpose of this procedure is to detail the Emergency Response Contingency Plans that shall be followed by Production Operations to address such emergencies.
1.3Scope
The scope of this procedure shall address the ‘response to emergencies’ occurring in PDO concession areas. The procedure shall only address the PDO response and the management of that emergency / incident. For incidents that do not involve PDO personnel / contracted personnel or does not have implication on PDO assets, assistance shall be provided but PDO shall not assume responsibility for the management of the emergency. In general the procedure shall deal with emergency response for:
- The seven permanent PDO camps and supporting facilities
- PDO assets within the interior concession area
- Pipelines from the interior up to High Point (MOL) and Block Valve Station (BVS) 5 (48” QA to Sur Gas Line)
- Government Gas Assets
- Third party Road Traffic Accidents (RTA’s) on PDO roads
1.4Distribution / Target Audience
This procedure is intended for the use of Productions Operations personnel when addressing emergencies. The procedure shall also be held by the Corporate Security and Emergency Response Team.
1.5Roles and Responsibilities
The Roles and Responsibilities for all positions in this procedure are covered fully in PR-1065 Emergency Response Documents Part II - Company Procedure.
1.6Changes to the Document
Responsibility for the upkeep of the Document shall be with the Functional Production ManagerUOP, the Owner. Changes to this document shall only be authorised and approved by the Owner.
Users of the Document who identify inaccuracy or ambiguity can notify the Custodian or his/her delegate and request changes be initiated. The Requests shall be forwarded to the Custodian using the “User Feedback Page” provided in this Document.
The Document Owner and the Document Custodian should ensure review and re-verification of this procedure every 3 years.
1.7Step-out Approval
There shall be no deviation allowed from this procedure.
2Emergency Response Organisation and Responsibilities
The Emergency Response Organisation is as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 – Emergency Response Organisation (Production Operations)
2.1Corporate Emergency Coordination Centre (CECC)
The CECC comprise a dedicated Team and be headed by the Duty Director. The CECC Team shall be mobilised for any emergency that results in:
- Multiple casualties or loss of life
- Inform Next of Kin (NoK) in the case of fatalities
- Significant or potentially significant environmental damage
- Significant or potentially significant asset damage
- A requirement to inform or evacuate the public
- A requirement for resources outside of PDO Emergency Services
- A requirement for Governmental or Group notifications
- A requirement for long term business resumption strategies
- Interest from local or international media
The CECC shall advise the Local Emergency Control Centre as required and may if the natures of the incident warrants assume overall charge.
2.2Local Emergency Control Centre (LECC)
The Local Emergency Control Centres shall be located at each area centre and shall be manned when an emergency is reported and response is required. In the interior the LECC shall be manned by designated members of the Area Production Operations Team and headed by the Local Emergency Base Controller (LEBC) typically the Production Coordinator. However in the interior there shall always be three fully trained LEBC’s on site at any one time. These are normally the Production Coordinator, the Mechanical Supervisor and the Electrical Supervisor. Any of these nominated persons can assume the role of LEBC.
At the coast (MAF) the LEBC shall be selected from MAF technical staff on a roster basis. The LECC Team at MAF shall also be selected from the available staff. The duty period of the LEBC and the LECC Team is one working week, during which time they shall be expected to respond to any emergency in or outside of working hours.
The LEBC is available at all times and is the initial point of contact for either the Emergency telephone Operator (ETO) or the Area Control Room Operator.
Typically the LECC Team should comprise all or some of the following:
- LEBC
- Engineering
- Logistics / Procurement
- Human Resources
- Facilities / Business Support
- Information Technology
- Emergency Response and Security
- Medical
- Government Gas
- Oman Gas Company (if required)
2.3Emergency Telephone Operator (ETO) – Central Control Room Operator
Emergency calls placed on non-PDO networks and the coastal PDO network (67) will in all cases be routed to the ETO in MAF. For emergencies relating to the interior locations, the MAF ETO will forward the call to the relevant area central control room operator.
All emergency telephone calls made on the PDO interior network (38) will be directed to the area Central Control Room Operator. The CCR operator is authorised to mobilise area fire and medical emergency services. He is also authorized to remotely shutdown equipment and stations if emergency situation demands.
2.4On Scene Commander (OSC)
The OSC shall be trained and nominated the LEBC to manage the emergency response at the site of the incident. The OSC will take the OSC bag and proceed to the emergency scene. The OSC will make an initial assessment, report back to the LEBC and act on the LEBC’s instructions
2.4.1Fire Services
PDO maintain a minimum of one firefighting tender and team at each of the main operating areas in the interior. Typical composition of a team is a Fire Chief and six full time firemen.
PDO fire teams are trained and certified to provide airfield fire support services and are also personnel trained in First Aid. In emergencies, the Fire Chief reports to the OSC.
2.4.2Medical Services
There are PDO doctors based in the Marmul and Fahud operating areas. All areas have clinics and trained nurses. At Nimr, Qarn Alam and Fahud contractor doctors in the Permanent Accommodation Centres (PAC’s) are available and co-opted to participate with PDO medical staff for emergency response.
Additionally, contractor camps , rigs, hoist and well test units sometimes have medics and clinics and these can be numbered among ‘available medical resources’.
NOTE: Details of medical resources available, doctors, nurses and ambulances may be referenced in PR-1243 - Emergency Procedures Part III, Contingency Plans Volume 13 Medical Emergencies
2.5Security and Emergency Response Management
Security and Emergency Response Management maintains a web page from which information on Emergency Response can be obtained.
Information held at this site includes:
- CECC Corporate Emergency Team Duty Roster and contact numbers
- MAF LECC Emergency team Roster and contact numbers
- MAF LEBC Duty Roster
- Security and Emergency Response Policy
- PDO Pager Quick User Guide (Not applicable or used in MAF)
- EPM / GPM regional Crisis Contact Directory
- PDO Crisis Contact Directory
2.6Operations Support Emergency Team
The Operations Support Emergency Team is formed to manage emergencies related to Production Operations only
In case of Emergency, the Duty Director will decide (based on the nature of the emergency) whether to activate the Operations Support Emergency team or not.
Duty Director can call for Operations Support Emergency Team meeting – the Duty Director will request CECC Operations Representative to activate the Operations Support Team (i.e. normal practice).
The Operations Support Emergency Team will meet in the CECC room
UIC/4 will include the GSM numbers of all the Leaders in the CECC Duty Roster (like other support teams) and to be used to activate relevant Team Leaders during emergencies.
3Emergency Response Contingency Plans
The following contingency plans shall be used in conjunction with the response procedures detailed in PR-1065 Emergency Response Documents Part II - Company Procedure.
The contingency plans cover the most likely scenarios that could be encountered by the Emergency Response Teams.
Additional ‘Check Lists’ to those detailed in PR-1065 have been provided to assist the LEBC and OSC in the management of the emergency.
3.1Process Facilities and Pipeline Emergencies
The process facilities and pipelines, excluding the wells below the Xmas Tree which are covered under PR-1287 Emergency Procedures Part III Contingency Plans, Vol. II Well Engineering Operations are considered as potentially high risk.
3.1.1Firing a Gas Leak
WARNING: Firing a gas leak shall only be considered an option if human life is threatened or there is a risk of an uncontrolled explosion.
Firing a gas leak shall be considered if either of the situations stated in the Warning above are likely to occur. The benefit of such action is to reduce the risk of an uncontrolled explosion and to make the leak visible therefore identifying the area of danger.
When considering firing the leak the explosive effect of the ignition, on surrounding structures, equipment etc, and the radiation effect of the flame plume shall taken into account. To assist in the decision making computer programmes such as Fire Radiation Explosion and Dispersion (FRED) are available.
Firing a gas leak can be done provided the following are adhered to with the authorisation of the LEBC:
- Use a rocket flare or equivalent with at least 150m range. (Obtainable via the LEBC). Refer to PR-1097 Use and Storage of Flare Cartridges and Guns.
- Select a spot with good cover upwind of the leak and easy route for escape
- Two men should approach the spot wearing SCBA with 150m lifelines
- The intended ‘firing area’ shall be check for explosive atmosphere
- When firing the flare aim for a level above the leak, not at the leak source. The mixture at this point shall usually be ‘to rich’ to sustain ignition
- The two operatives shall be prepared for a possible ‘blast front’ and increase in temperature as the leak ignites, by keeping low to the ground
- Once it is established that the leak is ignited the two operatives shall move to a safe area
3.1.2Process Fire / Explosion (Generic)
PDO process facilities, including pumping and booster stations shall be provided with firefighting and detection systems in accordance with SP-1075 HSE Specification - Fire and Explosion Risk Management (FERM).
On detection or notification of a fire / explosion situation the immediate emergency response after initial appraisal shall be:
- Initiate an Emergency Shutdown (ESD) of the facility / equipment manually if not initiated automatically
- Sound FireAlarm if not already activated, and evacuate all non-essential personnel to designated ‘muster points’. Conduct muster check to ensure all personnel accounted for
- Remove potential for escalation by in initiating a shutdown and depressurisation (if appropriate) of systems and equipment within the vicinity of the incident
NOTE: Only required if the primary action of ESD has not achieved the required system isolations.
- Establish a fire boundary around the incident area to prevent further possible escalation through heat radiation or gas ingress.
Further action shall be to address the following check list.
Items to check / ESD been activated either automatically or manually
Fire alarm has been activated and all non-essential personnel have been evacuated.
Automatic fire extinguishing systems activated (if provided) and is operational effectiveness confirmed
Gas testing is available and deployed, (including for H2S if necessary)
Emergency response personnel equipped with the correct PPE including Self Contained Breathing Sets (SCBA) if appropriate
All fuel sources (wells, flow lines etc.,) isolated where appropriate and adjacent equipment shutdown, isolated, depressurised and protected where necessary
Access to / from site controlled
Wind direction and weather conditions have been reviewed and site access instruction modified accordingly?
Search and Rescue (SAR) authorised
This may only be authorised by LEBC
3.1.3Tank Fire
The immediate emergency response to a Tank Fire shall be:
- Sound Fire Alarm if not already activated, and evacuate all non-essential personnel to designated ‘muster points’. Conduct muster check to ensure all personnel accounted for
- Isolate further inflow to / outflow from the tank
- Provided there is no signs of structural damage to the tank start firefighting systems if not already initiated
- Contain any spillage within the tank bund where possible
- Apply boundary cooling to adjacent tanks and affected tank
- Involve the Fire Service as soon as possible
Further action shall be to address the following check list.
Items to check / ESD been activated either automatically or manually
Fire alarm has been activated and all non-essential personnel have been evacuated.
Automatic fire extinguishing systems activated (if provided) and is operational effectiveness confirmed
Gas testing is available and deployed, (including for H2S if necessary)
Personnel equipped with the correct PPE including Self Contained Breathing Sets (SCBA) if appropriate
Adjacent equipment shutdown, isolated, depressurised and protected where necessary
Tank inventory reduced
NOTE: Removing any water from the tank shall help prevent potential boil over.
Bunds are intact and capable of holding inventory should tank rupture
Bund drains are closed
Boundary cooling been established on adjacent tanks and equipment
Access to / from site controlled
Levels in adjacent tanks increased to minimise the risk of heat deformation. Only when it safe to do so.
Following a serious tank fire it shall be necessary to carry out a detailed inspection of adjacent equipment and effect repairs if necessary.
Careful inspection shall be required on the tank base pad to assess damage.
3.1.3.1Floating Roof Tanks – Rim Seal Fire
Rim seal fires are usually extinguished with the fixed firefighting systems provided at the tank top. Rim seal fires may escalate into a full surface roof fire, caused by the sinking of the roof.
3.1.3.2Floating Roof Tanks – Roof Surface Fire
If the rim seal fire escalates and the floating roof sinks, the roof surface will start burning. This type of fire is difficult to extinguish and the risk of escalation through "boilover[1]" is significant.
3.1.4Oil Tank Rupture
Bunds shall be provided around all hydrocarbon storage tanks to contain the contents of the tank in the event of a tank rupture. The design of the bund shall ensure it has the capacity to prevent spillage outside of the bund and catchments area.
A consequence of a tank rupture can be ignition of the vapours released as the product spills out into the bund. If ignition occurs then the emergency response shall be as detailed in 3.1.3 Tank Fire.