General Thematic Areas and Concrete Detail 1600-1960
NOTE: This is intended as a helpful review guide that contains many but certainly NOTALL concrete details. This should serve as a reminder of certain eras and the sorts of concrete detail you should have mastered from that era.
Colonization 1600-1675
Puritans
Anglicans
Separatists
Pilgrims
Different religious waves based on the changing political situation in England
Joint Stock Companies
The Chesapeake and Malaria
City on a Hill
Jonathan Winthrop
Fundamental Orders
Dominion of New England
New England Confederation
Headright system
The Mayflower Compact
House of Burgesses in Virginia
Mercantilism:
France:
Canada
Beaver trade,
Catholic,
Assimilation with Indians,
Mostly male,
Coureurs du Bois
Absolute monarchy-no traditions of self rule or civil rights
All Catholic
Spain:
Caribbean and Mexico
Encomienda (Indian slave plantations)
Intermarried with natives to create Creoles, Mestizos, etc.
Absolute Monarchy with local King appointed Viceroys: no tradition of self-rule or civil rights
All Catholic
England
Mixed population, families, indentured servants, nobles and craftspeople
Various religious factions: Separatist, Puritan, Catholic, Calvinist, etc.
Brought traditions of “rights of Englishmen” “Magna Carta” and English Bill of Rights
Many already enjoyed some village self-rule before coming to the New World
Purpose
For all three European countries, the purpose of the colonies was to furnish cheap raw materials and food to the mother country. Manufacture was discouraged or made illegal. All trade was controlled by parent country
Shaping the Colonial Identity 1676-1756
1st Great Awakening
Jonathan Edwards
George Whitefield
New Lights and Old Lights
Start of the weakening of deference for authority and England
Signs of inter-colonial unity
Part of the movement was to push for assistance to and compassion for Indians and slaves
Passionate, outdoor events for the emotional worship of Christ
Mercantilist Wars: During 1700s, Europeans fought wars of expansion relating at least in part to the colonies.
War of the Spanish Succession
War of the Austrian Succession
7 Years War (French and Indian War)
War of the American Revolution
Bacon’s Rebellion
Burned Jamestown
Governor Berkeley
Increased slavery because of fear of White freedmen rebellions
Salem Witch Trials
Fear of outside danger: Indian attacks
Clash between Scientific Revolution and traditional religion
Mass hysteria and origin of the American concept of “Witch Hunt”
Lack of a strong leader
Colonial Subcultures
Scots Irish Presbyterians
Southern Anglican aristocrats
New England Puritans/Calvinists
Maryland Catholics
Slave Plantations versus small farms
Pennsylvania Quakers
New York Dutch (Patroons)
New England, Middle Colonies and Southern Colonies
Path to Revolution 1756-1783
7 Years War (French and Indian War)
Albany Congress
1st Congress of Inter-colonial Unity
Iroquois alliance
Discussion of Home Rule
Join or Die slogan
Conflict between Colonial militia and British regulars
Proclamation Line of 1763
Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Quartering Act
Stamp Act Congress (2nd Congress of Inter-colonial unity)
Boycott of English goods
Sons of Liberty attack and intimidate British Officials
Daughters of Liberty make “home-spun” clothes
Townsend Acts
Tea, lead, glass
Boston Tea Party
New York Legislature Suspended for failing to comply with Quartering Act
Admiralty courts replace trial by jury
Boston Massacre
Committees of Correspondence
Sam Adams
House of Burgesses formed standing C of C
1 Continental Congress
The Association: Inter-colonial agreement non-import, non-export, non-consumption
2nd Continental Congress
Olive Branch Petition
Articles of Confederation
Declaration of Independence (list of how king violated the English Bill of Rights and rights of Englishmen
Declaration of War
Lexington and Concord
Common Sense by Thomas Paine
Battle of Bunker Hill and Saratoga
War Declaration 1776
Treaty of Paris in 1783
Launching the Ship of State 1783-1808
Articles of Confederation (Congress)
Unicameral (1 house, no Judicial or Executive branch)
Northwest Ordinance
Land Ordinance of 1785
Could not enforce taxation
Could not enforce inter-state commerce or coin money
Congress forced by angry veterans to flee Philadelphia for Princeton New Jersey
Constitutional Convention
3/5 Compromise
The Great Compromise
Creation of Executive and Judicial Branches
Shay’s Rebellion inspired creation of Executive Branch
Hamilton Plan
Assumption of debt at par
Creation of Tariffs and Excise taxes to pay off debt
Creation of a Bank of the United States
Compromised with Jefferson over WashingtonDC in Virginia
Jay’s Treaty
Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation
Citizen Genet
Whiskey Rebellion
Louisiana Purchase
Alien and Sedition Acts
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
XYZ Affair
Marbury v Madison
Barbary Pirates
War of 1812
Impressment
Arming Indians
Licenses
Chesapeake Affair
Orders in Council
Hartford Convention
Embargo
Non-Intercourse Act
Macon’s Bill No. 2
Burning of WashingtonDC
Battle of New Orleans
Treaty of Ghent
Jacksonian Democracy and the Second Great Awakening 1825-1850
Lower voter qualifications/Universal Manhood Suffrage
Tariff Crisis
South Carolina Nullification
John C. Calhoun
South Carolina Exposition
Anti-elitism
Anti-Masonic Party
Anti-slavery movements
Popular politics targets the common man
Jackson opens the White House to the masses
Charles RiverBridge v WarrenBridge
New political parties
Whigs
Democrats
Anti-Masonic Party
Know-Nothing Party
Free Soil Party
Jackson’s Actions
Unconstitutional
Trail of Tears (Georgia Indian removal)
Allows South Carolina to burn Abolitionist Mail
Remove BUS funds and deposits in state (pet) banks
Constitutional
Force Bill (threatens to invade South Carolina because of nullification)
Vetoes Maysville Road
Vetoes BUS re-charter bill
Supports Philadelphia federal workers strike
Appoints Taney to the US Supreme Court (Charles RiverBridge v WarrenBridge)
Second Great Awakening
Unitarianism:
Emerson
Thoreau
Outdoor Christian Revivalists
Finney
Cartwright
New Religious Groups
Mormons,Oneida and Brook Farm
Social Reform movements
Temperance
Prison Reform
School Reform
Abolition
Women’s Rights
Seneca Falls 1848
Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony
Right to vote
Lowell Factory System strikes
Industrial Revolution
Organization of early labor unions
Cities begin to dominate politics
Organized urban voting blocks, wards, political bosses, unions
Women in New England factories: Lowell, Waltham Plan
Immigration of Irish and Germans
Know Nothing Party-headed up by Millard Fillmore
Provide cheap labor and displace women in the factories
Westward Expansion and the Path to the Civil War 1840-1860
American System of Henry Clay
Tariffs
BUS
Internal Improvements
Interlocking roads and canals provides for a more self-sufficient nation
Subsistence Economy to Market Economy
Erie Canal (State projects versus Federal American System projects)
Steam boats, roads, canals
Clay
Calhoun
Webster
US Mexican War
“54 40 or fight!”
Ostend Manifesto and Cuba
Walker and Nicaragua
Wilmot Proviso
KansasNebraska Act
Extension of slavery in the territories
Freeport Doctrine
Free Soil Party
Manifest Destiny
Lecompton Constitution
Crittendon Compromise
California Gold Rush
Compromise of 1850
John Brown
William Lloyd Garrison and The Liberator
Harriet Tubman
Nat Turner
Popular Sovereignty
Matthew Perry and Japan
Homestead Act
Transcontinental Railroad
North-South split of Whigs and Democrats
Republican Party created from: Northern “conscience” Whigs, Free-Soilers and Know Nothings
Lincoln’s Election
FortSumter
America’s future: Aristocratic Agricultural Country versus Industrial Democratic Country
Reconstruction 1865-1877
Black Codes
Force Bill
Civil Rights Bill (not enforced after 1877)
Freedman’s Bureau
40 Acres and a mule (ultimately cancelled)
Scalawags
Carpetbaggers
Substantially woman dominated
Literacy and business skills
Assist with resettlement
Johnson Impeachment (not removed from office) violated Tenure of Office Act
13th Amendment: End slavery
14th Amendment: Citizenship for Blacks, Due Process, Civil Rights
15th Amendment: slavery illegal
Radical Republicans
Wade, Davis, Sumner, Stephens, Seward
50% plan for Southern Re-entry
Radical Reconstruction
Military Districts
Union occupied
Enforced voting for Blacks (freedmen)
Great success for Southern Blacks from 1870-1877
Political office
Business class
Literacy up
Compromise of 1877
Northern Republicans get Hayes as President/Southern Democrats get end of Reconstruction
End of Reconstruction
Redeemer Governments
Jim Crow Laws
Lynching
KKK
End of Black Civil Rights until 1960s
Gilded Age Farmers
The Grange (Patrons of Husbandry) First social and then political
The Farmers Alliance
Elected many members to state and federal offices including governorships
Separated by distance, race and the decision to focus on the needs only of land owing farmers
Created farmer owned companies to compete with businesses: Grain storage and farm equipment
The Colored Farmers Alliance
The Populist Party (People’s Party)
William JenningsBryan
Merged with Democratic Party in 1896 election against McKinley
Platform:
16 to 1 Silver (inflation)(not a progressive goal)
Immigration restriction (not a progressive goal but they addressed immigration with settlement houses)
Government ownership of railroads and telegraph lines(happened during World War I)
Limited term for president(progressive goal also)
Income tax(progressive goal also)
Shorter workday(progressive goal also)
Direct Election of Senators(progressive goal also)
Initiative and Referendum(progressive goal also)
Gilded Age Supreme Court Cases
Munn v Illinois
Wabash v Illinois
E.C. Knight Sugar case
Gilded Age Acts
Bland Allison Act
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Interstate Commerce Act
Chinese Exclusion Act
Gilded Age Foreign Policy
Insular Cases
Annexation of Hawaii
Alfred Mahan’s The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
Spanish American War
War in the Philippines
Aguinaldo
ManilaBay and San Juan Hill
Teller Amendment
Platt Amendment
Jingoism
Yellow Journalism
Maine Explosion
Remington, Hearst and Pulitzer
White Man’s Burden
Gilded Age Captains of Industry (Robber Barons)
Carnegie: steel and vertical integration
Morgan: Banking
Rockefeller: Oil (Standard Oil)
Vanderbilt: Railroads
Gilded Age Financial Terms:
Trust
Monopoly
Pool
Rebates
Kickbacks
Yellow Dog Contracts
Corruption
Railroads (Grant)
Massive government land grants for private rail companies
Rail companies deliberately lied on their financial reports
Credit Mobilier
Whiskey Scandal (Grant)
Fisk and Gould Gold Scandal
Boss Tweed and many corrupt city bosses and political machines
Factory Labor
Knights of Labor
Terrence Powderly
Mother Jones
Haymarket Riot (bomb thrown by Anarchist or maybe police)
Non-radical, purchase shares of corporations
Membership: unskilled and skilled, women and people of color, no Chinese
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Samuel Gompers
Skilled workers only
Non-radical: focused on better wages, hours and working conditions
Supported war effort in WW I (though this was obviously not during the Gilded Age)
Socialists
Eugene Debs (became a Socialist after serving jail time for the Pullman Strike
Aligned with international socialist ideals
Anti-war
Debs jailed for protesting war effort
Somewhat radical but not Marxist
IWW (Industrial Workers of the World-aka “Wobblies”)
Bill Haywood
Didn’t get big until progressive era
Marxist, international, radical and anti-war
Strikes
Pullman Strike: Cleveland and Debs (Cleveland justified intervention because of mail and interstate commerce)
Homestead Strike: Crushed Carnegie, Pinkertons and President Harrison
Great Railway Strike 1877 (Crushed by Hayes)
Gilded Age Race Related Extras:
Helen Hunt Jackson A Century of Dishonor
The Dawes Severalty Act: attempt to dissolve tribal lands and integrate Indians into “American” culture
The CarlyleSchool: “Kill the Indian, save the man”
Plessy v Ferguson (separate can be equal-reversed by Brown v Board of Education) Supreme Court Ruling
Booker T. Washington
Atlanta Compromise
Accommodationist Movement
Progressives 1900-1920
Muckrakers and Social Activists
Ida M. Tarbell: Standard Oil
Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives: Photos of immigrant living conditions
Lewis Hines: Photos of child labor
Upton Sinclair: The Jungle: Meat Packing industry
WCTU Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Jane Adams and Hull House
Settlement houses
Teddy Roosevelt: Reform Laws, actions and rulings
Roosevelt’s 3 Cs
Elkins Act and Hepburn Act against Railroad wrongdoing
Pure Food and Drug Act
Meat Inspection Act (FDA)
Newlands Act
Muller v Oregon (In response to the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire)
Lochner v New York
Roosevelt busts Northern Securities
Roosevelt supports Pennsylvania Coal miners strike
Square Deal for Labor
Department of Commerce and Labor
Bureau of Corporations
Woodrow Wilson
Wilson’s Triple Wall of Privilege
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Underwood Tariff Bill
Federal Reserve Act
Farm Warehouse Act
Workingmen’s Compensation Act
La Follette Seamen’s Act
16th Amendment: Income Tax
17th Amendment: Direct Election of Senators
18th Amendment: Prohibition
19th Amendment: Women’s Suffrage
World War I: “Make the World safe for Democracy”
World War I and the Treaty of Versailles
Lusitania
Sussex Pledge
Zimmerman Note
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Home Front
Creel and War Propaganda
Bonds
Patriotic Rationing
Nationalized the railroads
The Draft
Fourteen Points
Freedom of the Seas
League of Nations and Article X
National Self-Determination
Isolationist Republicans: Lodge, Borah and Johnson
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Schenck Case “Clear and present danger”
World War I and the Treaty of Versailles
Lusitania
Sussex Pledge
Zimmerman Note
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Home Front
Creel and War Propaganda
Bonds
Patriotic Rationing
Nationalized the railroads
The Draft
Fourteen Points
Freedom of the Seas
League of Nations and Article X
National Self-Determination
Isolationist Republicans: Lodge, Borah and Johnson
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Schenck Case “Clear and present danger”
The 1920s!
African Americans
Harlem Renaissance
Langston Hughes
WEB Dubois
United Negro Improvement Association
Back to Africa Movement
Marcus Garvey
NAACP
The Crisis Magazine
WEB Dubois
Niagara Movement
Louis Armstrong
Society:
18th Amendment
19th Amendment
Scopes Monkey Trial
KKK
Soviet Ark
A. Mitchell Palmer
Baseball
Movies
Charles Lindbergh
Prohibition
Gangsters
Flappers and Vamps
Ford Motorcar
Speakeasies
Jazz
Al Capone
Emergency Quota and Immigration Acts
Sacco and Vanzetti
Foreign Policy
Dawes Plan
Young Plan
Naval Power Treaties
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Harding
Teapot Dome Scandal
Daugherty and liquor permit sales
Veteran’s Bureau Scandal: Forbes
Return to Normalcy
Adkins v Children’s Hospital
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
Coolidge
Andrew Mellon
McNary-Haugen Farm Bill vetoed
The 1930s
Hoover
Agricultural Marketing Act
Grain Stabilization Board
Cotton Stabilization Board
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Norris LaGuardia Anti-Injunction Act/Yellow Dog Contracts
Hoovervilles
Bonus Army
Hoover Dam
Good Neighbor Policy
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
1929 Stock Market Crash
FDR, the Depression and the New Deal
Fireside Chats
CCC
AAA
TVA
NRA
WPA
Harry Hopkins
Social Security
FDIC
Wagner Labor Relations Act
Brain Trust
Huey Long
Father Charles Coughlin
Townsend
AFL-CIO and John L. Lewis
Flint Michigan Sit-Down strike
FDR Recognizes the Soviet Union
1940s
FDR and World War II
Cash and Carry
Destroyer Deal
Lend Lease
Four Freedoms
Fortress America
Lindberg and the America First Committee
Atlantic Charter
Teheran Conference
Yalta Conference
Casablanca Conference
FDR and World War II Homefront
Korematsu
Japanese Internment
CORE
Fair Employment Practices Commission
WAACs, WAVES and SPARs
Smith Connelly Anti-Strike Act
War Production Board
Office of Price Administration
War Labor Board
Bracero Program
Truman
Foreign Policy
Korean War
Potsdam Conference
Atom Bombs
Truman Doctrine
Policy of Containment
Marshall Plan
CIA
United Nations
NATO
Domestic Policy
Fair Deal
Vetoes Taft Hartley Act
Eisenhower
Foreign Policy
SAC
Massive Retaliation
New Look
Dulles
Roll Back Gains
Dien Bien Phu
Eisenhower Doctrine
SEATO
Domestic Policy
Operation Wetback
Highway Act
NDEA
Little RockArkansas
1950s
African American Issues
Brown v. Board of Education
Emmet Till
Jim Crow
Thurgood Marshall
Rosa Parks
Montgomery Bus Boycott
SCLC
General 1950s
Suburbia
GI Bill
McCarthyism
HUAC
Elvis
Television
Sputnik
Rosenberg Trial