Ap US Study Night-March 1, 2010
FRQ Review
- “Despite often brutal clashes between labor and capital in the US during the period of 1865 and 1914, collective working class protest did not constitute a basic attack on the capitalist system.” Assess the validity of this statement.
-1865-14th amendment (Civil Rights for ex slaves): used by government to protect capitalist system & to stop labor attacks/strikes.
-1877-Great Railroad Strike (protesting against bad conditions: 12 hour shifts, injury). Hays brings in federal troops to break the strike, using the 14th amendment to squash the protests. Overall, a failure.
-Hayman Square Riot- in response to the death of a worker at the Mccormic Reaver plant. One of the worst examples of violence in a riot
-Knights of Labor- calling strikes across the nation.
-American Federation of Labor-most successful labor union
-International Workers of the World-fighting for the collapse of the system (Union Victory)
-Sherman Anti Trust Act- intent to break monopolies & attack the unions (Capitalist Victory)
-ICC- intended to regulate the railroads. Example of capitalists working along with the workers-government controlling large scale trusts. (Capitalist Victory)
-Democratic Party: pro-capitalist
-By 1914, Working conditions have improved greatly, however this is short-lived by the beginning of the first World War in 1917.
-Clayton Anti Trust Act- attack on unrestrained capitalisty system (Union Victory)
-Poleman Strike- failure. (Capitalist Victory)
-Tariffs over time- Taft tariff, McKinley tariff
-Amendments-16th (income tax) 17th(direct election of senators)
2..To what extent did the role of the federal gov. change under Pres Roosevelt in regard to 2 of the following (Labor/Trusts/Conservation/World Affairs)
LABOR:
-Pennsylvania Pole Strike
-Square Deal
-How the Other Half Lives by Jacob A Riis (influenced Roosevelt)
-social gospel
-Department of Commerce & Labor (1903)
-The Bitter City of the Chicken by John Spargo
-TR’s presidential platform: pro 8 hour work days
-Lauchner vs. New York (1905)
TRUSTS:
-Interstate Commerce Commission
-Elkins Act (1903)
-Hepburn Act (1906)
-“fist of justice”
-Trust buster (favored regulation)
-Northern Securities Company (dissolved)
-Meat Inspection Act
-Pure Food & Drug Act
-Swift & Co vs. United States
CONSERVATION:
-Desert Land Act (1877)
-Forest Reserve Act (1891)
-New Lands Act (1902)
-No Christmas trees in White House
-125 million acres-federal reserves
-Boy Scouts
-Sierra Club (1892)
-John Muir
-Call of the Wild by Jack London
-Antiquities Act (1906)
-establishment of dams for preservation
WORLD AFFAIRS:
-Panama Canal
-Hay-Bunau?-Vanilla?? treaty
-Roosevelt Corollary Monroe Doctrine (US --> SA)
-Japan-Russia peacemaker (Nobel Peace Prize)
-Great White fleet
-Big Stick policy
-Filipino insurrection
-Gentleman’s Agreement
3. “Both the Jacksonian Democrats during 1824-1840 and the Populists during 1890-1896 attacked and sought to root out special privilege in American life. The Jacksonian Democrats attained power and succeeded; the Populists failed. “ Assess the validity of this view. Give roughly equal attention to each group.
JACKSONIAN DEMOCRATS (Presidents: Jackson & Van Buren)
-vetoed the BUS
-Charles River Bridge the existing bridge cost users a ton of money; a new bridge wanted to be built alongside the old one
-Spoils System
-Indian Removal Act (1830)
-Burning of pro-abolitionist papers
-Tariff of Abominations
-Universal Manhood Suffrage
POPULIST
-silver: bi-medalism
-government assumption of railroad, telegraph, telephone
-suffrage (including women’s)
-lowering of tariffs
-Australian ballot
-Initiative referendum & recall
-Progressives (take up cause of populism)
4. How & why did the Monroe Doctrine become a cornerstone of United States foreign policy by the late 19th century?
Monroe Doctrine:
-European countries can no longer intervene with us (but we can intervene with them)
-Why? Imperialism-explanation of how we are destined to take over the continent, and spreading out (sphere of influence)
-Why? Manifest Destiny-reason (excuse?) for spreading out
-Intervention in Cuba/Philippines/Hawaii
-Why? Economic reasons
-Frontier Thesis (Fredrick Jackson Turner) frontier is gone
-Building of Navy
-Why? Economics Cuba: “right to imports” Hawaii: sugar
-Strategic & economic control: Puerto Rico, Guam, America Samoa, Philippines
-Open Door Policy (china)
-White Man’s Burden
-Herbert Spencer: Survival of the fittest
-How? Roosevelt Corollary
-How?Spanish-American War: Sending military into the territory
-How? Yellow journalism
5. “The Progressive movement of 1901 to 1917 was a triumph of conservatism rather than a victory of liberalism” Assess the validity of this statement.
-Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson
-Conservatism: things didn’t change as much
*Roosevelt:
- Kept US Steel Corporations (conservative)
- No civil rights, women’s suffrage (conservative)
- Square Deal (Liberal)
- Dept. of Commerce (Liberal)
- Pure Food/Drug Act (Liberal)
- Square Deal (Liberal)
- ICC (Liberal)
-Sherman Anti Trust Act (Liberal)
-foreign policy
*Taft:
- Busts US Steel ( Liberal)
- raising of tariffs (conservative)
- graduated income tax (liberal)
-Elkens Act (liberal)
-ICC (liberal)
-starting of 16th and 17th amendment (liberal)
*Wilson:
-16th 17th 18th and 19th amendments (Liberal)
- Keiding Owan Child Labor Acts (Liberal)
-BIS (conservative)
-Clayton Anti Trust Act (