Unit 6 Study Guide2017KEY
- Why are Nelson Mandela and F.W. deKlerk important people in the history of South Africa? These men fought againts apartheid in South Africa. They worked to change laws for equal rights for all people regardless of skin color. deKlerk was the president of South Africa that repealed apartheid laws and freed Mandela from prison. Mandela was the first black president of South Africa.
- What happened at the Berlin Conference?European powers met in Berlin, Germany to peacefully divide up Africa among themselves. The African people were not represented at this conference.
- Which European country settled South Africafirst? What did the new settlers call themselves? Which country took control from them? The Dutch settled first. These were the Boers. Great Britain eventually took over South Africa.
- Why did Africans want independence from European powers?They wanted to control their own governments and resources. The feeling of Nationalism spurred them into wanting to be in control of themselves after being grouped together with those unlike them, often causing conflict and wars as well as being subjected to the slave trade.
- For what reasons did European powers establish colonies in Africa?To take control of the raw materials/resources.
- Who established modern African borders? Explain why was this a problem? European countries extablished the borders. This was a problem because in some cases they divided ethnic groups into different countries or put enemies together in the same country and wanted them to act like the “same people”.
- What were the problems of Nigeria after independence?Civil Wars, especially between the Muslims and Christians and political corruption.
- What is the apartheid system? Official policy in South Africa to legally separate people by their race.
- What was the purpose of Pan-Africanism?To bring all Africans together, whether they lived in Africa still or not. To build a sense of unity amongst themselves. This movement helped different countries of Africa gain independence from Europe.
- List the negative & positive effects of European colonization of Africa.NEGATIVE: No control over their own governments or resources, civil wars, riots and protests, starvation and disease, ethnic conflicts. POSITIVE: established schools, hospitals, roads, communication infrastructures, exposure to market economies.
- How was independence achieved in Kenya?Kenyan nationalists started a secret organization called the MauMau who believed the only way to achieve independence was through force. Violent uprising in 1952 between the British and Mau Mau, tens of thousands of Africans died. British Empire wanted to avoid another deadly, costly war so they granted Kenya its independence.
- How was independence achieved in Nigeria?Peacefully- After WWII, Britain gradually allowed Nigerians to vote for their own leaders to be included in government. In 1960, Britain grantd Nigeria full independence.
- How was independence achieved in South Africa?South Africa’s National Party, who was in favor of Apartheid, voted in a white only election in 1960 and approved independence from Great Britain.
- What are some of the effects of apartheid? Took citizenship away from blacks of South Africa, unfair treatment of people, segregated every aspect of life (restrooms, schools, beaches, etc).
- What was the impact of colonialism on the indigenous people in Africa? Lost control of resources and land, slavery, Apartheid, many died due to European diseases.
- How long was Nelson Mandela in prison for his fight against apartheid?27 years
- What organization was formed to work for equality in South Africa?African National Congress
- Why was Mandela’s election to political office in South Africa in 1994 unprecedented? He was the first black president of that country.
- What conflict broke out in Nigeria after independence was declared from the British?A civil war between the Christians (south) and Muslims (north)
- What is important about the African National Congress?It was a political party led by Mandela that was established to gain equality for all South Africans.
- How did F.W. de Klerk impact South Africa’s apartheid laws?After being elected president, he called for a non-racist South Africa, freed Nelson Mandela, lifted the ban on the ANC, and helped Mandela write a new constitution for South Africa in which every adult could vote, regardless of race.
- Describe some of the restrictions of the apartheid laws. Repeated topic. See #14 above
- What is the main goal of the Pan-Africa movement? Repeated topic. See #9 above
- How is the Pan-African movement similar to and different from nationalism?Similar: They both call for unity and pride of the people. Difference: Nationalism pride in one’s country. Panafricanism pride in one’s heritage.
- Describe Britain’s system of indirect rule of their African Colonies.Britain appointed local chiefs to enforce laws, collect taxes, and run things the way the British wanted and put down any trouble or problems that might arise.
- What is assimilation? Give examples of assimilation in Africa.Encouraging citizens of one country to adopt the ways of another. Example- the French forced those they conquered to give up their own customs and adopt the ways of the French. Those colonies began speaking French and in some cases were actually granted French citizenship.
- SKIP