Chapter 4 Section 1 Notes
I. The New Kingdom of Egypt (1570-1365 B.C.)
A. Before this period of time could start the Pharaohs had to
defeat the Hyksos invaders from Turkey
B. Pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty created a large army
C. Hatshepsut the first great women pharaoh of Egypt 1472 B.C.
D. Pharaoh Thutmose III. was a warlord that extended the empire north
into Palestine, Syria, and south into Nubia
E. Pharaoh Rames II extended the empire northward until they met the
Hittites at the Battle of Kadesh around 1285 B.C. where each
signed the first peace treaty in history
1. Rames II extended the kingdom further to the south at Karnak
F. The Valley of the Kings near Thebes was used as tombs for pharaohs
II. The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region
A. Kush kingdom in the south takes over Egypt around 1000 B.C.
B. Kushite king Piankhi becomes important around 751 B.C.
III. The Golden Age of Meroe
A. Meroe was a kingdom farther to the south that became a major
city manufacturing iron weapons
Chapter 4 Section 2 Notes
I. A Mighty Military Machine
A. Around 850 B.C. the Assyrians from northern Mesopotamia emerge
B. Assyrian king Sennacherib sacked 89 cities, 820 villages burned
Babylon and killed most of the inhabitants
C. Glorified military strength
D. Iron weapons, chariots, archers, shields
E. Savage in their treatment of defeated opponents
1. Impaled or beheaded opponents while women and
children were sold into slavery
2. One king bragged of burning 3000 captives to death
II. An Expanding Empire
A. Between 850 and 650 B.C. Assyria defeated Syria, Palestine,
Babylon and eventually Egypt
B. Capitol was located at Nineveh
C. King Ashurbanipal built the largest world library at that time
III. The Empire Crumbles
A. Spread itself to thin
B. In 612 B.C. combined army of Medes and Chaldeans defeated the
capitol city of Nineveh
C. Chaldean king Nebuchadnezzer restores Babylon to greatness
Chapter 4 Section 3 Notes
I. The Rise of Persia
A. Had its beginnings in what today is Iran
B. Formed kingdom on tolerance and diplomacy
C. Abundance of natural resources
1. Metals
D. Cyrus the Great becomes Persia’s first empire builder in 550 B.C.
1. Extended his empire from Anatolia to IndusRiver
2. Allowed conquered peoples to keep their customs and religions
3. Allowed the Jews to return to their homeland
II. Persian Rule and Religion
A. Cambyses was the son of Cyrus and was a terrible ruler only lasting
five years and creating rebellions in the empire including the
conquered lands of Egypt
B. Darius succeeds Cambyses and for his first three years he has to put down
rebellions
1. Darius was a former body guard of the king and had the support of
the military elite called the Ten Thousand Immortals
2. Darius did have a secret police like our CIA called, The Eyes and
Ears of the King
3. Darius and his son Xerxes only had one failure, their inability to defeat the Greeks
4. Darius divided his kingdom into 20 provinces
1. He placed governors called Satraps in each province
5.Built the Royal Road some 1677 miles long
6. Copied the use of coins from the Lydian’s
C. Persian prophet and religious reformer Zoroaster starts the Persian religion
Zoroastrianism
1. God of Truth and Light, Ahura Mazda
2. God of Evil and Darkness, Ahriman
3. Religious book called the Avesta
4. Developed concept of Heaven and Hell from Judaism
Chapter 4 Section 4 Notes
I. Philosophy and Social Order in China
A. China’s most influential scholar was Confucius born in 551 B.C.
1. Believed in social order, harmony and good government
2. Five Basic Relationships
a. Ruler and subject
b. Father and son
c. Husband and wife
d. Older brother and younger brother
e. Friend and friend
3. A code of conduct regulated each of these relationships
4. Filial piety respect for ones elders and parents
5. His writings are recorded in a book called the Analects
6. Believed strongly in a strong government with trained
government officials called bureaucrats
II. Daoism
A. Daoism created by Laozi who lived in the 6th century
B. Natural order was important
C. His book Dao De Shing ( The Way of Virtue )
1. Search for knowledge and understanding of Nature
III. Qin dynasty
A. Defeated the Zhou
B. The leader of the Qin, Shi Huangdi starts the Great Wall of China
1. Over 1400 Miles long