21st Century Instructional Guide for Career Technical Education
Medical Laboratory Fundamentals
Health Science Education Cluster
Medical Laboratory Assisting Concentration
Title: /Medical Laboratory Fundamentals (WVEIS 0752)
Standard Number:HSE.S.MLF.1 /
Healthcare Delivery System
Students will· understand the healthcare professional’s role in the general purposes, organization, and the overall healthcare environment of various types of healthcare systems.
· identify how key systems affect services they perform and quality of care.
Essential
Questions: / Is the output of a system greater than the sum of its inputs?
Objectives: / Students will / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.MLF.1.1 /
compare healthcare delivery systems (i.e. public, private, government, and nonprofit).
/ types of agencies delivering healthcare· public/private
· government
· voluntary or non-profit agencies
HSE.O.MLF.1.2 /
articulate factors influencing the healthcare delivery system.
/ factors influencing healthcare· economics
· insurance
· population
· culture
· education
HSE.O.MLF.1.3 /
determine responsibilities of consumers within the healthcare system.
/ consumers responsibilities· education
· communication
· teamwork
· roles and responsibilities
· conflict resolutions
· interdisciplinary
HSE.O.MLF.1.4 /
compare the healthcare systems delivering acute, chronic, and long term care.
/ types of healthcare systems· acute
· chronic
· long term care
consider for each type of system
· size and location
· funding source
· type of care provided
· services offered
HSE.O.MLF.1.5 /
examine emerging issues such as technology, epidemiology, bioethics, and socioeconomics on healthcare delivery systems.
/ issues affecting healthcare systems· new technology
· bioethics issues
· epidemiology
HSE.O.MLF.1.6 /
differentiate common methods of payment for healthcare.
/ payment methods· deductibles
· co-insurance
· co-payments
· premiums
insurance plans
· HMO
· PPO
· Medicare
· Medicaid
· Worker’s Compensation
· Managed Care
· Tricare/Champus
· Chips
Standard Number:
HSE.S.MLF.2 / Careers in Healthcare
Students will demonstrate knowledge of careers within the healthcare systems.
Essential
Questions: / How will the decisions you make in your daily life impact your ability to attain your employment goals?
Objectives: / Students will / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.MLF.2.1 / analyze the duties, educational requirements, and employment opportunities of various careers within healthcare. / health science career research
· educational levels
· credentialing requirements
° certification
° registration
° licensure
· employment opportunities
· workplace environments
· growth potential
HSE.O.MLF.2.2 / determine the meaning of abbreviations used to identify workers within healthcare. / abbreviations of healthcare workers
· healthcare records usage
HSE.O.MLF.2.3 / contrast certification, registration, and licensure. / differences for health care workers
· certification
· registration
· licensure
HSE.O.MLF.2.4 / compare careers within the health science career pathways (diagnostic services, therapeutic services, health informatics, support services, and biotechnology research and development). / careers
Student Learning Activities: conduct Internet search on different careers; have students create a brochure on a selected career; invite guest speakers.
HSE.O.MLF.2.5 / recognize levels of education, credentialing requirements, employment opportunities, workplace environments, and career growth potential of medical laboratory personnel and the Point of Care Technician. / levels of education
· vocational
· associate
· bachelor degree
· master
· doctoral
credentialing agencies for medical laboratory
Student Learning Activity: Allow students to research the history of medical technology.
HSE.O.MLF.2.6 / determine the student and professional organizations for specific healthcare workers. / identify
· student organizations
· professional organizations
See textbook and the Internet on professional organizations.
HSE.O.MLF.2.7 / recognize the student and professional organizations for the Medical Laboratory Assistant and Point of Care Technician. / Suggestions: explain the role of local club chapters and the officers’ roles and responsibilities; basic rules and terms used in parliamentary procedures; describe types of leaders and qualities of leadership (autocratic, laissez-faire, and democratic).
Standard Number:
HSE.S.MLF.3 / Personal Qualities of Healthcare Workers
Students will demonstrate knowledge of personal qualities as they relate to success as a healthcare worker.
Essential
Questions: / Discuss ways that loyalty can be demonstrated to an employer, co-worker, and a supervisor.
Objectives: / Students will / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.MLF.3.1 / differentiate personal attributes/traits and attitudes desirable in the healthcare team member. / describe personal traits for healthcare workers
· dependability
· honesty
· punctuality
· initiative
· productivity
· responsibility
· self-discipline
· organizational skills
· time manager
· pride in work
· desire
· likes to help others
HSE.O.MLF.3.2 / determine basic professional standards of healthcare workers as they apply to hygiene, dress, language, confidentiality, and behavior (i.e. courtesy and self-introductions). / professional standards
· education
· CEUs
· ethical conduct
HSE.O.MLF.3.4 / prioritize key employability skills and explain how they enhance employment opportunities and job satisfaction. / understand employer’s personnel policies
· drug free workplace
· sexual harassment policies
· violence-free workplace
· equal employment opportunity
· worker’s compensation
· dress code
· management of time
· safe/clean environment
when you become a employee you must have
· loyalty
· reliability
· teamwork
· open to change
· pride in your work
Standard Number:
HSE.S.MLF.4 / Orientation to the Clinical Setting
Students will
· demonstrate knowledge in the policies and procedures required in the clinical setting.
· demonstrate knowledge of the physical setting within the physician’s office and the clinical and anatomical laboratory areas.
· understanding of the chain of command in the physicians’ offices, laboratory, and hospital.
Essential
Questions: / How does the physical layout of a facility affect the work environment?
Objectives: / Students will / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.MLF.4.1 / determine the policies and procedures required for work in the laboratory professions. / work policies required for healthcare workers
· immunizations (MMR, PPD, & Hepatitis B)
· drug screens
· physical exam
· orientation to work practices and policies
Note: require signed copy of clinical form, and signed copy of instruction on physical, chemical, and biological safety.
HSE.O.MLF.4.2 / differentiate the functions between a clinical and an anatomical laboratory, listing the personnel in each. / types of laboratories and their functions
· hospital (size and types)
· reference labs
· physician’s office labs
· government (state & federal)
· regulation agencies of the medical laboratories
° DHHS
° CLIA’ 88
° HCFA
· personnel in the laboratory/educational levels
° director
° technical supervisor/manager
° general supervisor/department head
° testing personnel/bench techs
· departments in the clinical laboratory
° specimen collecting/processing
° hematology ( coagulation and urinalysis)
° clinical chemistry ( toxicology and biochemistry)
° blood bank (transfusion and donation services, and serology)
° microbiology (parasitology, virology, mycology, bacteriology)
· accreditation agencies for hospital and laboratories
° JCHHO
° CAP
° AABB
° COLA
· types of laboratory testing
° waivered
° moderately complex
° highly complex
· employment opportunities
· ethical standards/professionalism
° privacy/HIPPA
° confidentiality
HSE.O.MLF.4.3 / determine the proper work apparel for use in the laboratory work areas and the clinical setting. / Standard Precautions for blood borne diseases
· mask
· gowns
· gloves
· caps
· goggles
· lab coats/aprons
Suggestions: Identify those employees covered by the standard. Discuss policies and procedures. regarding an exposure incident (what to do if someone is exposed).
HSE.O.MLF.4.4 / characterize an organizational chart and the chain of command common to a healthcare facility. / organizational system of healthcare facilities
· organizational charts for the hospital setting
Note: Chain of command for area clinical sites that students will be using during rotations to acquire health related skills.
HSE.O.MLF.4.5 / prepare an organizational chart depicting the chain of command for a medical office and the medical laboratory areas. / Suggestion: Conduct discussion on chain of command in medical offices and the laboratory settings.
Standard Number:
HSE.S.MLF.5 / Safety Practices
Students will demonstrate knowledge of safety practices within the classroom and clinical settings.
Essential
Questions: / Explain how engineering controls are used to create a safer work environment.
Objectives: / Students will
HSE.O.MLF.5.1 / examine the importance of observation of safety rules. / safety procedures
· discuss OSHA, the OSHA Act, and the federal regulation of safety for the workplace
· CDC role in health
· explain the procedures for reporting accidents
HSE.O.MLF.5.2 / determine common safety rules applicable to the overall healthcare environment and the laboratory. / safety rules
· safety rules for the laboratory and the work areas
· blood borne pathogens
· standard precautions
· isolation precautions
· cleanup of blood spills
· disposal procedures for equipment and specimens
· clean up procedures for equipment and work area
Student Learning Activities: demonstrate the use of PPE, perform hand washing technique using Glow Germ.
HSE.O.MLF.5.3 / determine proper safety techniques to prevent accidents and to maintain a safe work environment. / safety techniques in preventing accidents
body mechanics
· lifting techniques
· base of support
chemical procedures
· eye wash
· showers
electrical procedures
· circuit breakers
· electrical cords, outlets, plugs
radiation procedures
· radiation symbol
professional dress in workplace
routines to follow in emergencies (fire and disaster)
HSE.O.MLF.5.4 / analyze the environment to recognize safe and unsafe working conditions. / environment
· know the location of exits in building
· alarm system locations
· location of equipment and safety procedures
HSE.O.MLF.5.5 / distinguish three types of safety hazards found in the clinical laboratory and other healthcare settings. / safety hazards in the laboratory
· chemical
· physical
· biological
explain the “right to know” provisions of OSHA
“in 1970 the U.S. Department of Labor created the
Occupational Safety and Health Act, which declares
that workers have the “right to know” about hazardous
conditions that are present in their work place. OSHA
was established to monitor and enforce the Act.
OSHA issued a rule to further protect workers from
hazardous chemical exposure in 1983. This rule was
called “Hazard Communication” and applied only to the
manufacturing industry. This rule was expanded to
include the nonmanufacturing sector on August 24,
1987.”
physical
· electrical equipment
· open flames
· glassware/pipettes
· laboratory equipment
chemical
· types of chemicals (flammable, toxic, caustic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic)
· material safety data sheets (MSDS)
· storage of chemicals
· disposal of chemical wastes
biological
· Standard Precautions
· exposure control plan
· employees at risk
· control methods
o work practice controls
o engineering controls
o use of PPE
HSE.O.MLF.5.6 / comply with safety signs, symbols, and labels. / symbols of health hazards
· fluorescent orange or orange-red labels bearing the biohazard symbol.
Suggestion: Show the NFPA symbol and how it is used.
HSE.O.MLF.5.7 / examine implications of hazardous materials. / Student Learning Activity: Conduct research into the
disease processes associated with the use of
hazardous materials.
HSE.O.MLF.5.8 / assess procedures and protocols for fire and other emergency/disasters within the healthcare setting. / Student Learning Activity: Conduct discussion of fire safety protocol and evacuation procedures used in a health care setting.
HSE.O.MLF.5.9 / examine the role of the healthcare worker during an accident within the healthcare setting. / define role of workers whenever an accident occurs
· notify someone in authority
· fill out a written accident/incident report and turn it in
· follow through with any medications, counseling, appointments, or services that your facility provides
HSE.O.MLF.5.10 / analyze an emergency plan in response to a natural disaster or other emergency. / be alert and know responsibility for reporting, how to evacuate and know the codes for disasters and other emergencies
codes used in health care system
· code red means a fire
· code blue means someone has stopped breathing or the heart has stopped beating, or both
· code yellow means that there is an uncontrolled individual or a threatening situation in the facility
· code green means that a special team of people should report to the emergency area, and this code is also called during a disaster
Note: Codes indicate that an emergency has occurred and what that emergency might be. Institutions may devise a code for local use or use the International Hospital Code System.
HSE.O.MLF.5.11 / demonstrate methods of fire prevention. / fire prevention techniques that can be used in health
care and school systems
fire safety procedures
· how to operate a fire extinguisher (pass system)
· types of fire extinguishers (A, B, C, ABC, D)
· evacuation procedures (RACE or RACER)
· use of fire blanket
· fire door usage
· classes of fire
· code for fire
HSE.O.MLF.5.12 / determine the components necessary for the ignition of a fire. / components
· air (oxygen)
· fuel
· heat
HSE.O.MLF.5.13 / demonstrate the proper use of the fire extinguisher. / PASS system demonstration by instructor
HSE.O.MLF.5.14 / prioritize emergency procedures and protocols for fire within the clinical setting. / · explain how to prioritize procedures
· go over protocol for fire in health care facility
HSE.O.MLF.5.15 / articulate an evacuation plan for a healthcare setting. / Note: Show evacuation plan for local facilities used for
clinical rotations.
Standard Number:
HSE.S.MLF.6 / Body Mechanics
Students will develop knowledge and skills in the use of body mechanics.
Essential
Questions: / How does use of good body mechanics impact the economics of health care?
Objectives: / Students will / Learning Plan & Notes to Instructor:
HSE.O.MLF.6.1 / determine the meaning of common terms related to body mechanics. / define terms
· base of support
· body mechanics
HSE.O.MLF.6.2 / apply principles of body mechanics and ergonomics. / Suggestion: Conduct discussion on basic rules of body
mechanics and the reasons for using proper body
mechanics.
HSE.O.MLF.6.3 / demonstrate a broad base of support. / base of support
· show how to maintain base of support
· how to properly lift patients and materials
· have students to repeat the demonstration using a book, or heavy object
HSE.O.MLF.6.4 / demonstrate methods for transporting a patient by wheelchair and stretcher. / Suggestion: use wheelchair and stretcher to transport