History GCSE 50-facts
Crime and Punishment
- Wergild replaced Blood Feud in Saxon punishment
- The Murdrum Fine was introduced by the Normans
- Poachers could be blinded under the Forest Laws brought in by the Normans
- In 1604 James I declared his ‘utter detestation’ for the Catholics
- Between 1645 and 1647 there were 250 cases of witchcraft brought before authorities in East Anglia
- 1723 the Black Act made poaching a capital offence
- It was reckoned that there were 20,000 smugglers in the 18th Century
- 250,000 people signed a petition calling for the release of the Tolpuddle Martyrs
- 150,000 people were transported between 1787 and 1850
- The Metropolitan Police was established by Sir Robert Peel in 1829
Superpower Relations
- The Truman Doctrine was begun as a policy of containment in 1947
- 275,000 flights were flown during the Berlin Airlift from 1948-49
- The USA and USSR both test the first H-Bombs in 1953
- 6,000 tanks were sent into Hungary by Khrushchev in response to the Uprising in 1956
- The Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961
- The Limited Test Ban Treaty was signed in 1963 following the Cuban Missile Crisis the year before
- Dubcek met with the Yugoslavian leader, Tito, which alarmed Brezhnev in 1968
- 85,000 Soviet troops were sent into Afghanistan to face the threat posed by the Mujahideen
- Free trade union, Solidarity, won the first free elections in Eastern Europe in 1989
- One million people per day crossed from East to West following the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989
Richard and John
- The Church tax of a tithe was 10% of a peasant’s crops
- In 1190 mobs attacked Jews in York and destroyed records of debts kept in York Minster
- The city of Acre fell to a Crusader siege
- Richard I was ransomed for 100,000 marks by Leopold of Austria
- Chateau Galliard cost Richard £12,000 to build
- Richard regains all of Normandy from Philip by 1199
- In 1200 King John agreed to pay King Philip of France 20,000 marks in the Treaty of Le Goulet
- John failed to compensate Hugh de Lusignan for taking his fiancée Isabella of Angouleme
- John doubled tax demands in 1207 with the introduction of ‘the thirteenth’ tax
- Prince Louis of France landed in England in May 1216 to support the Barons against John in the First Barons’ War
Civil Rights
- The Brown v. Topeka case over-turned to Plessy v Ferguson ruling of 1896 that had established the idea of ‘separate but equal’
- 20,000 people take part in the Bus Boycott
- President Eisenhower intervened to over-rule Arkansas State Governor Orval Faubus over Little Rock in 1957
- The Freedom Riders bus was firebombed by the KKK in May 1961
- President Kennedy sent 320 Federal Marshals to escort James Meredith to the University of Mississippi in 1962
- Four civil rights activists were murdered in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer of 1964
- President Johnson passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964
- The Black Panther Party was founded in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale
- In 1967 there were race riots in 125 US cities
- In 1968 68% of southern black children still attended segregated schools but by the end of Nixon’s time in office in 1974 this had fallen to 8%
Vietnam
- Eisenhower chose to get involved in Vietnam following the Geneva Agreement of 1954
- Diem’s sister-in-law responded to the protest burning of Buddhist monk Quang Duc in 1963 by saying she hoped for more such ‘barbecues’
- In 1964 President Johnson uses the attack on the US ship ‘the Maddox’ in the Gulf of Tonkin as an excuse to order in ground troops to Vietnam
- 11% of US deaths were caused by booby traps
- The USA dropped more bombs in Operation Rolling Thunder than were used by the Allies in all of World War Two
- 347 people were killed by US troops in the My Lai Massacre
- The Tet Offensive occurred in 1968
- Four students were shot dead in the Kent State shootings in 1970
- A poll showed 50% of people supported the invasion of Cambodia in 1970, only 35% were opposed
- Between 1964 and 1968 the cost of the war for America rose from $0.5 billion to $26.5 billion