Figure S1 Percentage of Species Introduced Into Europefor Hunting Purposes Grouped by Their

Figure S1 Percentage of species introduced into Europefor hunting purposes grouped by their biogeographic region of origin.

Figure 2SaPresence(green) or absence (red)of each hunting species in each country.

Figure 2SbThe proportion of each species in each sub-cluster according to the number of countries in which it is present (between 1, present in all countries of one sub-cluster and 0 absent in all countries of one sub-cluster).

Table S1. Sources systematically reviewed to obtain information on introduction pathways and records of introduced species for hunting purposesin Europe. Sources of introductions also often provide information on case-by-case introduction pathways.

Source

Scientific manuscripts

Abellán, P., Carrete, M., Anadón, J. D., Cardador, L., & Tella, J. L. (2015). Non‐random patterns and temporal trends (1912–2012) in the transport, introduction and establishment of exotic birds in Spain and Portugal.Diversity and Distributions.

Baker, J., Harvey, K.J., French, K. (2014). Threats from introduced birds to native birds.Emu,114(1), 1–12.

Barbanera, F., Forcina, G., Cappello, A., Guerrini, M., van Grouw, H., & Aebischer, N. J. (2015). Introductions over introductions: the genomic adulteration of an early genetically valuable alien species in the United Kingdom.Biological Invasions,17(1), 409-422.

Blackburn, T.M., Duncan, R.P., (2001). Establishment patterns of exotic birds are constrained by non-random patterns in introduction. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 927–939.

Genovesi, P., Carnevali, L., Alonzi, A., Scalera, R. (2012). Alien mammals in Europe: updated numbers and trends, and assessment of the effects on biodiversity. Integrative Zoology, 7, 247-253.

Hulme, P. E. (2009). Trade, transport and trouble: managing invasive species pathways in an era of globalization.Journal of Applied Ecology,46(1), 10–18.

Hulme, P.E., (2015). Invasion pathways at a crossroad: policy and research challenges for managing alien species introductions. Journal of Applied Ecology, DOI:10.1111/1365-2664.12470.

Jeschke, J.M.., Strayer, D.L. (2005). Invasion success of vertebrates in Europe and North America.Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences of the United States of America,102(20), 7198–7202.

Jeschke, J.M., Strayer, D.L. (2006). Determinants of vertebrate invasion success in Europe and North America. Global Change Biology, 12, 1608–1619.

Keller, R.P., Geist, J., Jeschke, J.M., Kühn, I. (2011). Invasive species in Europe: ecology, status, and policy.Environmental Sciences Europe,23(1), 1–17.

Books

Apollonio, M., Andersen, R., Putman, R.J. (2010)European Ungulates and Their Management in the 21st Century. CambridgeUniversity Press, Cambridge, UK

Blackburn, T.M., Lockwood, J.L., Cassey, P. (2009). Avian Invasions. The Ecology and Evolution of Exotic Birds. OxfordUniversity Press, 305 pp.

Chapman, J., Flux, J.C. (2008). Introduction to the Lagomorpha, In: Alves, P., Ferrand, N., Hackländer, K. (Eds.), Lagomorph Biology. Springer, pp. 1–9.

Genovesi, P., Bacher, S., Kobelt, M., Pascal, M., & Scalera, R. (2009). Alien mammals of Europe. InHandbook of alien species in Europe(pp. 119-128). Springer Netherlands.

Kark S., Solarz W., Chiron F., Clergeau P., Shirley, S. (2009). Alien birds, amphibians and reptiles of Europe. Chapter 8. DAISIE, Handbook of Alien Species in Europe. Invading nature: Springer series in invasion ecology, Volume 3. Springer edition.

Lever, C. (2005) Naturalised Birds of the World. T & D Poyser, London.

Long, J.L. (1981). Introduced Birds of the World: The Worldwide History, Distribution and Influence of Birds Introduced to New Environments.New YorkUniverse Books.

Long, J.L.(2003).Introduced Mammals of the World: their History, Distribution and Influence. CABI Publishing, Oxford, UK.

Nentwig, W. (2007). Pathways in Animal Invasions, In: Nentwig, W. (Ed.), Biological Invasions. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 11–27.

Nentwig, W. (2008).Handbook of alien species in Europe. Springer.

Wilson, D. E., & Reeder, D. M. (Eds.). (2005).Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference(Vol. 12). JHU Press.

Database

DAISIE, Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe.Retrieved from on June 2015

GISD, Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved from

June 2015.

Lowe, S., Browne, M., Boudjelas, S., De Poorter, M. (2000).100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species. A selection from the Global Invasive Species.

Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition(MSW3). Retrieved from

Other documents

Monaco, M.A., Genovesi, M.P., Middleton, A. (2013). European code of conduct on hunting and IAS.Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats. 33nd meeting Strasbourg, 3-6 December 2013

Data source of the variables

PIB per capita.Fondo Monetario internacional (2015). «Report for Selected Countries and Subjects»

% rural population(2015).

% Hunters(2014). Federación de Asociaciones de Caza de la Unión Europea.

Population density(2015).

Country size.

Table S2. Exotic species introducedinto Europe for hunting purposes. Information on the biogeographical region from which it was derivedand stage of invasion process are provided for each species.

Taxa / Species / Group / Region / Stage
Birds / Aix sponsa / Anseriformes / Neartic / Established
Birds / Anas acuta / Anseriformes / Multi-regional / Established
Birds / Anas discors / Anseriformes / Neartic / Extinct
Birds / Anas falcata / Anseriformes / Multi-regional / Unknown
Birds / Anser albifrons / Anseriformes / Holarctic / Not established
Birds / Anser anser / Anseriformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Anser brachyrhynchus / Anseriformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Anser cygnoides / Anseriformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Anser fabalis / Anseriformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Anser indicus / Anseriformes / Multi-regional / Established
Birds / Aythya ferina / Anseriformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Branta canadensis / Anseriformes / Neartic / Invasive
Birds / Branta leucopsis / Anseriformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Bucephala albeola / Anseriformes / Holarctic / Unknown
Birds / Cairina moschata / Anseriformes / Neotropics / Established
Birds / Callonetta leucophrys / Anseriformes / Neotropics / Established
Birds / Chen caerulescens / Anseriformes / Neartic / Established
Birds / Chen canagica / Anseriformes / Paleartic / Not established
Birds / Chen rossii / Anseriformes / Neartic / Unknown
Birds / Chloephaga picta / Anseriformes / Neotropics / Not established
Birds / Dendrocygna autumnalis / Anseriformes / Neotropics / Not established
Birds / Dendrocygna bicolor / Anseriformes / Multi-regional / Established
Birds / Netta rufina / Anseriformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Oxyura jamaicensis / Anseriformes / Neartic / Invasive
Birds / Tadorna ferruginea / Anseriformes / Multi-regional / Established
Birds / Columba livia / Columbiformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Spilopelia senegalensis / Columbiformes / Afrotropics / Established
Birds / Streptopelia decaocto / Columbiformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Streptopelia roseogrisea / Columbiformes / Afrotropics / Established
Birds / Alectoris barbara / Galliformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Alectoris chukar / Galliformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Alectoris graeca / Galliformes / Paleartic / Not established
Birds / Alectoris rufa / Galliformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Ammoperdix heyi / Galliformes / Paleartic / Extinct
Birds / Bambusicola thoracica / Galliformes / Paleartic / Extinct
Birds / Bonasa bonasia / Galliformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Callipepla californica / Galliformes / Neartic / Established
Birds / Catreus wallichii / Galliformes / IndoMalaysia / Extinct
Birds / Colinus virginianus / Galliformes / Neartic / Established
Birds / Coturnix coromandelica / Galliformes / IndoMalaysia / Extinct
Birds / Coturnix japonica / Galliformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Francolinus clappertoni / Galliformes / Afrotropics / Established
Birds / Francolinus erckelii / Galliformes / Afrotropics / Established
Birds / Francolinus francolinus / Galliformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Lagopus lagopus / Galliformes / Paleartic / Extinct
Birds / Lagopus mutus / Galliformes / Holarctic / Extinct
Birds / Numida meleagris / Galliformes / Afrotropics / Not established
Birds / Perdicula asiatica / Galliformes / IndoMalaysia / Extinct
Birds / Perdix daurica / Galliformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Perdix perdix / Galliformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Phasianus colchicus / Galliformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Phasianus versicolor / Galliformes / Paleartic / Not established
Birds / Pterocles exustus / Galliformes / Paleartic / Extinct
Birds / Syrmaticus reevesii / Galliformes / Paleartic / Established
Birds / Tympanuchus cupido / Galliformes / Neartic / Extinct
Birds / Grus antigone / Gruiformes / Multi-regional / Extinct
Birds / Rhea americana / Rheiformes / Neotropics / Not established
Birds / Rhea pennata / Rheiformes / Neotropics / Not established
Birds / Rhynchotus rufescens / Tinamiformes / Neotropics / Extinct
Mammals / Procyon lotor / Carnivores / Neartic / Invasive
Mammals / Lepus americanus / Lagomorphs / Neartic / Established
Mammals / Lepus californicus / Lagomorphs / Neartic / Extinct
Mammals / Lepus capensis / Lagomorphs / Multi-regional / Established
Mammals / Lepus europaeus / Lagomorphs / Paleartic / Established
Mammals / Lepus granatensis / Lagomorphs / Paleartic / Established
Mammals / Oryctolagus cuniculus / Lagomorphs / Paleartic / Established
Mammals / Sylvilagus floridanus / Lagomorphs / New World / Established
Mammals / Sylvilagus transitionalis / Lagomorphs / Neartic / Established
Mammals / Ammotragus lervia / Ungulates / Paleartic / Established
Mammals / Axis axis / Ungulates / IndoMalaysia / Established
Mammals / Axis porcinus / Ungulates / IndoMalaysia / Extinct
Mammals / Bison bison / Ungulates / Neartic / Established
Mammals / Boselaphus tragocamelus / Ungulates / IndoMalaysia / Extinct
Mammals / Capra falconeri / Ungulates / Paleartic / Established
Mammals / Capra ibex / Ungulates / Paleartic / Established
Mammals / Capreolus capreolus / Ungulates / Paleartic / Extinct
Mammals / Capreolus pygargus / Ungulates / Paleartic / Extinct
Mammals / Cervus canadensis / Ungulates / Holarctic / Established
Mammals / Cervus nippon / Ungulates / Paleartic / Invasive
Mammals / Connochaetes taurinus / Ungulates / Afrotropics / Unknown
Mammals / Dama dama / Ungulates / Paleartic / Established
Mammals / Dama mesopotamica / Ungulates / Paleartic / Extinct
Mammals / Hemitragus jemlahicus / Ungulates / Paleartic / Extinct
Mammals / Hydropotes inermis / Ungulates / Paleartic / Established
Mammals / Moschus moschiferus / Ungulates / Paleartic / Extinct
Mammals / Muntiacus muntjak / Ungulates / IndoMalaysia / Extinct
Mammals / Muntiacus reevesi / Ungulates / Paleartic / Established
Mammals / Odocoileus hemionus / Ungulates / Neartic / Extinct
Mammals / Odocoileus virginianus / Ungulates / New World / Established
Mammals / Ovis orientalis musimon / Ungulates / Paleartic / Established
Mammals / Rangifer tarandus / Ungulates / Holarctic / Established
Mammals / Rupicapra rupicapra / Ungulates / Paleartic / Established
Mammals / Sus scrofa / Ungulates / Multi-regional / Established