RECOMMENDED WEBSITES
Chapter 1:
http://www.fortunecity.com/skyscraper/enigma/1964/Other_Pages/likkin.htm
Likkin lizards-chameleon senses and communication behaviours
http://oursimplejoys.com/freshwateraquaria/article1017.html
Fish intelligence and communication
http://www.mikedust.com/fascinatum/2002/fascinamtum-050302.html
Communication (general) and human – body language, visual, etc.
http://www.hhmi.org/senses/d110.html
The vivid world of odours-smell and communication in animals and humans
Chapter 2:
2.1 The electromagnetic spectrum
http://gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov/ic/vision/beevision.html
Internet Classroom – How bees see their world
2.2 Anatomy and function of the eye
http://www.faculty.washington.edu/kepeter/119/labs/eye-lab.htm
Eye structure and visual tests
http://richmondeye.com/colorframe.htm
Colour vision tests
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookNERV.html
Colour vision and colour blindness in humans
http://www.exploratorium.edu/learning_studio/cow_eye/step3a.html
Virtual Cow eye dissection - hyperlinked to many other websites e.g. Neuroscience for kids – interactive
http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/blindspot1.html
Blind spot tests
http://www.afv.org.hk/ecataract.htm#top
Cataracts: See how cataracts alter vision
http://www.hhmi.org/senses/b110.html
Colour vision
http://www.hhmi.org.senses/b130.html
Colour blindness
http://gwis2.circ.gwu.edu/~atkins/Neuroweb/retina.html#retina
Rods and cones
Chapter 3:
3.3 Visual defects
http://www.allaboutvision.com
Contact lenses (for example disposable lenses versus conventional lenses), LASIK and vision surgery, eye problems and diseases and eyeglasses and sunglasses. It also deals with interesting issues such as “computer vision syndrome”, sport and eyes, nutrition and eyes and age and eyes (parents, teens and over 40’s)
www.guidedogs.com.au/vision/cataract.html
Cataracts - this web site has an interactive demonstration picture of what a person with cataracts can see, compared with a person with normal vision. It also has good quality diagrams and explanations aimed at the general public, and does not require medical knowledge to be understood
www.canberraeyehospital.com.au
This web site deals with what cataracts are, their causes, whether or not treatment is needed and what type of treatment is available. It is aimed at patients and is therefore easy to understand and a reliable source
www.newvisionclinics.com.au
This web site deals with the symptoms of cataracts, cataract surgery and provides some statistics on the occurrence of the defect in Australians. It is the web site of an eye clinic in Melbourne
http://iris.medoph.unimelb.edu.au/new/eyecare/cataract4.html
This web site from the university of Melbourne gives clear and concise information on the different procedures used in current cataract surgery. It also gives a brief outline of the advances of modern surgical techniques
Chapter 4:
Uniserve Science
http://science.uniserve.edu.au/school/curric/stage6/biol/communic.html
This web site has links to all areas of the Biology HSC syllabus and has been compiled by the University of Sydney, so many sources have been checked for reliability.
4.1 Transformation of light in the retina
Vision and Colour
http://www.edu/~jcalvert/optics/colour.htm
This website deals with Colour perception and vision, brightness and illumination, stereopsis and distance clues to create 3-dimensional pictures. Information on the nervous aspects of the visual sense and the structure of the eye is also given.
What do dogs see? A review of “Vision in dogs”
http://www.nahra.org/nahra/vision.htm
This interesting web site introduces the importance of vision in dogs as hunters. It deals with perception of colour and form, depth perception, visual perspective and field of view, as well as sensitivity to light. It also deals with the operation of the visual system under low light conditions for nocturnal vision.
4.4 The Nature of photoreceptors, colour vision and colour communication in animals
Vision in the tammar wallaby: behavioral colour vision
http://biology.anu.edu.au/rbsweb/annualreport/1997/202.shtml
“Despite earlier assertions that most mammals are colour blind, colour vision has been demonstrated in a variety of eutherian mammals from a wide range of species”.
Interesting information on how research is conducted to determine whether or not animals have colour vision. Deals with different cone photreceptor types and spectral sensitivities of these cones in the tammar wallaby.
Functional retinal morphology
http://www.univie.ac.at/Vergl-Physiologie/www/research/morphretframe.html
From the University of Vienna, this site deals with the differences in vision between mammals, birds and reptiles, relating this to the differences in distribution of rods and cones. It shows colour ranges seen by animals, including mono-, di- and trichromat mammals and deals with colour vision in early placentals and marsupials as well as present day mammals.
The nervous system and senses: Vision in birds
http://www.ornithology.com/lectures/Senses.html
Thissite deals with vision in a variety of diurnal and nocturnal birds, including colour vision, stereoscopic vision and bifoveate and trifoveate birds.
Birds and lighting
http://www.users.mis.net/~pthrush/lighting/cvb.html
Colour vision in birds is an interesting topic and this site contains reports on some excellent research in this field. Some of the information presented is complex and above the level required for the HSC, but makes for interesting reading for the more advanced student and for teachers.
Colour Vision
http://www.biol.lu.se/funkmorf/vision/colour.html
“Compared to many animals, our ability to see colours is probably quite poor.” This site includes information on colour receptors in butterflies, with a suggestion that they may have receptors for up to five different colours!
Visual acuity of the Human Eye
http://www.cnde.iastate.edu/ncce/PT_CC/Sec.1.2.1.html
Deals with peak sensitivity of different rod and cone cells and has good illustrations of retinal structure, absorption spectra and graphs of receptor density along the retina. Also deals with the response of the human eye under high and low light intensities.
Vision and Colour
http://www.edu/~jcalvert/optics/colour.htm
The structure of the eye, colour perception and vision, brightness and illumination, stereopsis and distance clues to create 3-dimensional pictures are all dealt with. Information on the nervous aspects of the visual sense and the structure of the eye is also given.
How bees see their world
http://gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov/ic/vision/bee-vision.html
This site, recommended earlier in this book, deals with colour vision in bees and can be accessed from the gears: homepage under “Internet in the classroom”.
It also shows images of flowers as seen by bees with ultra-violet vision.
* Additional interesting information:
Owl Trust: eyesight
http://www.owls.org/information/eyesight.htm
A very good site on modifications of eyes in nocturnal animals. Written at a level easy for secondary students to understand. It also deals with stereoscopic vision in owls.
4.7 Colour blindness in humans
http://www.hhmi.org/senses/b120.html
This report from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute deals with colour blindness in an interesting manner, starting with a brief historical outline of how the current ideas on colour perception came about. The article titled “Breaking the code of colour: Red, Green and Blue cones” is extremely easy to read and understand and has links to other areas of interest such as how we judge colour, motion blindness and the role of the brain in colour perception.
Neitz Color Vision Lab
http://www.mcw.edu/cellbio/colorvision/cbposter3.htm
This excellent web site from the university of Wisconsin includes information on the types of colour blindness, a pedigree of inheritance, images presented as they would appear to colour blind people and to normal trichromats, as well as spectral sensitivities of cone pigments
Colour vision tests
http://richmondeye.com/colorframe.html
This web site has colour vision tests and charts to check for colour deficiencies and colour blindness.
Chapter 5:
http://www.med.jhu.edu/voice/larynx.html
John Hopkins University website. The larynx and voice: Basic Anatomy and Physiology
http://www.upmc.edu/upncvoice/anatomy.htm
University of Pittsburg Voice centre website. Anatomy of the Larynx
http://rainforest-australia.comk/cicadas.htm
http://wildlife.faunanet.gov.au/group.cfm?GroupID=22
Both are great resources for researching Australian cicadas
http://wildlife.faunanet.gov.au/group.cfm?GroupID=20
"Wildlife of Sydney" is found with Australian Museum Online. It is a comprehensive site and includes grasshoppers, katydids, crickets and locusts.
http://www2.biology.ualberta.ca/Jackson.hp/IWR/Content/Behaviour/Fish-Talk.php
This page from the University of Alberta, Canada, is about "Fish Talk" and provides an audio presentation of the sounds of a variety of fish.
http://www.earthlife.net/birds/breath.html
This is one of the rare websites, which shows the syrinx. It has very interesting additional information about breathing in birds.
http://www.seaworld.org/infobooks/bottlenose/echodol.html
http://neptune.atlantis-intl.com/dolphins/sounds.html
These websites are great fun, as well as being educational. One can listen to the dolphin and whale sounds which are within the capability of human hearing.
http://www.amonline.net.au/bats/records/bat15.htm
Bats in Australia site for the Australian Museum.
http://www.med.jhu.edu/voice/larynx.html
John Hopkins University website. The larynx and voice: Basic Anatomy and Physiology
http://www.upmc.edu/upncvoice/anatomy.htm
University of Pittsburg Voice centre website. Anatomy of the Larynx
Chapter 6:
http://wildlife.faunanet.gov.au/group.cfm?Group-ID=22
This is a specific web address to investigate cicadas.
http://www.froggyville.com
An excellent resource for anyone interested in frogs
http://www.austmus.gov.au/fishes/faq/canfishhear.htm
The Australian Museum website provides a source of reliable information on most animals not just fish.
http://www.seaworld.org/infobooks/killerwhale/senseskw.html
The Homepage of Seaworld provides many links. This site is specific to killer whales.
http://www.lsu.edu/deafness/HearingRange.html
This website contains information about how well dogs and other animals hear.
http://rainforest-australia.com
This is a tropical rainforest study which provides an comprehensive research tool and includes bats, frogs and insects.
www.earaces.com/anatomy.htm
http://ctl.augie.edu/perry/ear/hearmech.htm
Both sites give an anatomical tour of the ear with comprehensive text, diagrams and links.
http://www.hhmi.org/senses/
Reports from Howard Hughes Medical Centre on "Quivering bundles that let us hear"
http://www.dangerousdecibels.org/
As the name suggests this is valuable general interest site with regard to hearing protection.
http://www.sfu.ca/sonic-studio/handbook/Sound_Shadow.html
This site gives information about sound/sonic shadow plus links.
http://home.vicnet.net.au/~vsdc/
The Victorian College for the Deaf provides services for the deaf. Their website gives a concise history of the development of hearing aids and information about other assistive listening devices such as radio frequency units and vibro-tactile aids.
http://www.bioicear.com.au/people/clarkg/
http://www.medoto.unimelb.edu.au/info/implant2.htm
These websites, from the University of Melbourne, are excellent sources of information about the development of the cochlear implant and the work of Professor Graeme Clark and his team.
Chapter 7:
The sheep dissection guide:
http://academic.uofs.edu/department/psych/sheep/
Provides an excellent online dissection of a sheep's brain. Some of the terminology
used would not be applicable to the H.S.C. course.
McGraw -Hill eLearning:
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/elearning/raven6/resources54.mhtml
This site gives non-pass coded access to research materials for the topic.
Photomicrographs and slides:
http://erl.pathology.iupui.edu/histo/Default.htm
A variety of stained slides, including normal spinal cord T.S., peripheral nerves and a number of diseased nerves.
What is NF?
http://www.nf.org/what_is_nf/
An excellent research site for NF (neurofibromatosis), a genetic disorder.