Chicago Open 2007
Packet by Ed Lolington & the Sealed Bids (Sudheer Potru, Mike Sorice, Andrew Ullsperger, Matt Weiner)
1. Henry Adams left a history professorship at Harvard in order to edit the papers of this man, who wrote the pamphlet Peace With Mexico at age eighty-six, twenty-three years after he was kicked off of William Crawford’s presidential ticket. More successfully, he formed the ancestor of the House Ways and Means Committee and delivered a speech that calmed the Whiskey Rebellion. This founder of the American Ethnological Society was also the lead American negotiator of the Treaty of Ghent. FTP, name this Swiss immigrant who drastically reduced the national debt during his thirteen years as Secretary of the Treasury.
ANSWER: Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin
2. Fractures of this bone were formerly treated with a figure-eight brace. Stethoscope auscultation of the bicuspid valve can be done easily at the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and a sagittal plane crossing the midpoint of this bone. Its sternal notch is formed via its anterior articulation with the mandibrum of the sternum, and is the attachment point for the deltoid and trapezius muscles. It is attached to the coracoid process via the trapezoid and conoid ligaments and also attached to the acromion of the scapula. FTP, name this bone whose name comes from the Latin for “little key,” commonly known as the collarbone.
Answer: the clavicle (accept collarbone until mention, prompt afterwards)
3. While working as an agent for the Scioto Land Company, this person wrote his Advice to the Privileged Orders and helped Thomas Paine to publish the first part of his The Age of Reason. This author’s previous efforts include The Vision of Columbus, which was later expanded into a larger work. However, his fame rests primarily on two longer works, one subtitled “A New England Poem” and another including several rural New England scenes in which the speaker bids a substance in a bowl to inspire his soul. He is known for his collaboration with John Trumbull and Lemuel Hopkins on mock-epics. FTP, name this notable Hartford Wit poet and author of The Anarchiad and The Hasty Pudding.
ANSWER: Joel Barlow
4. The methodology of this school put forth a “threefold test” of basis, verifiability, and applicability, which was partnered with four “benefits” including population increase and enrichment of the poor. Practitioners were required to avoid the waste inherent in playing music, avoid fatalism and aggression, and have simple funerals. Advocating devotion to the “Lord on High,” Shangti, this movement arose in opposition to the aristocratic bent of Confucianism. FTP, name this Chinese school of thought founded by an eponymous fifth-century thinker who preached universal love.
ANSWER: Mohism
5. One of its goals was to overturn the results of the Gela conference, where Hermocrates had won support for expelling foreigners. Gylippus joined with local horsemen to oppose this initiative, eventually destroying its members at a naval battle in the Great Harbor. Eurymedon and Demosthenes replaced Lamachus and Nicias as the leaders of its 160 ships, which were sent to fortify the Ionians. A faction led by Androcles recalled one of its leaders, who then escaped to Sparta and avoided trial for mutilation of the hermae. FTP, Alcibiades was one of the generals originally in charge of what planned assault on Syracuse, an Athenian fiasco of the Peloponnesian War?
Answer: the Sicilian expedition (or Sicilian disaster; accept obvious equivalents)
6. One type of experiment useful for obtaining data for these relations in solids involves using lasers to accelerate “flyers” into objects; this often allows estimation of values in the stiff gamma variety. One of these due to Saha can be solved for the ionization of a volume. The one for radiation dictates a fourth-power scale factor, and ten parameters are used by the Benedict-Webb-Rubin one. Soave modified one named for Redlich and Kwong, and truncating the virial one to two terms gives the one named for Van Der Waals. FTP, name these constitutive relations that fix the condition of matter, a simple example of which is p v equals n r t for ideal gasses.
ANSWER: equations of state
7. One of them was killed for serving vomit at a banquet. Another, who wore geese’s skin and was thrown out of the mortal world by the springing action of a stalk of millet, is known as the “Small Man of Renown.” A different one burned his mother to death while being born, after his parents used a bejeweled spear to create the islands where they are worshipped. In another story, one hides in a cave to protest the filthiness of her brother, leading to the world going dark. FTP, Izanami, Susanowo and Amaterasu are examples of what supernatural spirits from indigenous Japanese religion?
ANSWER: kami or gods of Shinto or similar such answers
8. In this drama, the symbols of the eagle and viper represent a dead character and his estranged wife. One character’s claim to have come from far-off Phocis is dropped after another observes a lock of hair on the ground, which results in a recognition scene. The chorus’ laments ultimately result in the death of that aforementioned wife’s lover, Aegisthus, as Pylades and Orestes have conspired with Electra to gain revenge on Clytemnestra for her vile actions. FTP, name this Aeschylus drama whose title characters provide offerings in mourning of Agamemnon, the second play in the Oresteia trilogy.
ANSWER: The Libation Bearers (or Choephori; prompt on Oresteia)
9. One Supreme Court case in which this man was the plaintiff created the “outer perimeter” doctrine. A case brought by him five years earlier concluded that the prohibition on bills of attainder does not necessarily invalidate a law affecting only a small fraction of the population. A ruling in which this man was the respondent cited Accardi v. Shaughnessy to assert the power of the Attorney General and notes that “in camera inspection” is not a substantial diminishment of communications. That case concluded that a duces tecum subpoena could not be countermanded by executive privilege. FTP, name this frequent Supreme Court litigant, who sought to avoid surrendering various audiotapes in 1974.
ANSWER: Richard Milhous Nixon
10. One footnote in this work claims that “Man is an animal organism with an unmistakably bisexual disposition;” an earlier one more fully explains the concept of organic repression. The author discusses memory through the metaphor of Roman archaeology, concluding that a “memory trace” may explain his friend Romain Rolland’s “oceanic” feelings. It utilizes the analysis of neurosis presented in the author’s previous work, The Future of an Illusion. FTP, name this short treatise on the inevitable antagonism between demands of instinct and the restrictions of progressive society, written by Sigmund Freud.
ANSWER: Civilization and its Discontents or Das Unbehagen in der Kultur
11. One work by this person features a desolate landscape with a needle-based top supporting a humanoid, blood-colored lattice with hands and green hair, while another has a hand in a black pyramid attached by strings to a yellow crescent and a creature consisting of two joined waist-down human forms. In addition to the aforementioned Ubu Imperator and to Men Shall Know Nothing of This, this artist’s works include a painting of himself, Paul Éluard, and André Breton witnessing the Virgin chastising Jesus; Pietà or Revolution by Night; and Une Semaine de Bonté, a book of collages made of encyclopedias. This author of the treatise Beyond Painting started the Cologne school of Dada. For ten points, identify this former husband of Peggy Guggenheim, a German Surrealist who discovered and utilized artistic techniques like grattage and frottage.
ANSWER: Max Ernst
12. Some integral equations can be solved by Smith’s theorem for processes of this type, allowing evaluation of some of their associated densities. Doob’s theorem gives probability densities for a process that is both Gaussian and this. The inequality of this name applies to random non-negative variables and leads to Chebyshev’s inequality. The probability density for a sequence of this kind is given by the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation. For a finite state space, the transition probabilities are given by a stochastic matrix and depend only on the most recent state in the chains named for, FTP, this Russian mathematician.
ANSWER: Markov (accept Markov processes, Markov sequences, Markov matrices, Markov chains, etc.)
13. In this novel, one character’s love for Father Mulligan cannot be returned and the breaking of a wooden chair in the middle of the night represents Pappachi’s loss of authority. The Orangedrink Lemondrink Man traumatizes one of the central characters, while the other marries Larry McCaslin out of boredom. Chacko’s love for his ex-wife Margaret indirectly results in the drowning of his daughter Sophie Mol, but the so-called rape of the Malayalee Christian Ammu is blamed on the title character, Velutha, much to the despair of the twins Rahel and Estha. FTP, name this novel taking place near a pickle factory in Ayemenem, Kerala, which won the 1997 Booker Prize for Arundhati Roy.
ANSWER: The God of Small Things
14. He was the leader of the Dorothean faction that deposed Christian Democrat leader Fernando Tambroni, setting the stage for his five terms as Prime Minister. Communist gains in the election that brought down this man’s government led him to form a controversial center-left coalition. The trial at Turin of Renato Curcio and fourteen other accused terrorists placed him in danger. Despite police searches and a psychic séance, his body was found two months later in the trunk of a car on the Via Caetani. FTP, name this Italian politician, a 1978 victim of the Red Brigades.
Answer: Aldo Moro
15. The last name of this series’ main protagonist comes from an in-joke about his hair color. Its second installment turns on the treachery of the Mandarins and “Jazz” Colson. Following the defeat of the Black Lance, Admiral Tolwyn hangs himself at the end of The Price of Freedom, while Devereaux is eviscerated by Thrakath before the third installment, The Heart of the Tiger. Directed by Chris Roberts and produced by Origin, FTP, name series of computer games mostly featuring the struggles of Todd “Maniac” Marshall and Christopher Blair against the feline Kilrathi in space fighter combat.
ANSWER: the Wing Commander games (accept Wing Commander I – IV; accept Wing Commander: The Kilrathi Saga before “hangs”)
16. This work defines the fundamental principle of ethics through an analogy to an emperor who weds his daughter to a peasant. It posits that the craving to experience extinction can never be satisfied since the end of existence is the end of sensation. It also suggests that unlike animals, humans form “selves” that can reconcile opposites. It condemns those who reside in “sensuous categories” as saying “goodbye to truth” and thus creating a sinful state of “unconscious despair.” FTP, name this book published under the pseudonym of “Anti-Climacus,” which identifies separation from God as the cause of the titular malady and was written by Søren Kierkegaard.
ANSWER: The Sickness unto Death: A Christian Psychological Exposition for Edification and Awakening, by anti-Climacus (or Sygdommen til Døden: En christelig psychologisk Udvikling til Opbyggelse og Opvaekkelse, af Anti-Climacus)
17. This man’s thesis on John Webster and the Elizabethan Drama won him a scholarship to King’s College, Cambridge. W.B. Yeats called this author “the handsomest man in England,” and his appearance helped spur his entry into many literary circles. His early poem “Heaven” references fish repeatedly, while his poem “The Fish” ironically fails to use the term at all. His other poems include “Helen and Menelaus” and a work including such portions as “Peace”, “Safety”, and “The Dead.” He was buried on Skyros after dying from a mosquito bite resulting in septicemia. FTP, name this friend of Siegfried Sassoon and author of “The Soldier,” which was a part of his larger work, 1914.
ANSWER: Rupert Chawner Brooke
18. One of these relations recently called into question is established by considering microwave background scattering of charged particles and is named for Greisen, Zatsepin, and Kuzmin. Better-known ones are given by estimating the local disc density by stellar dispersion, considering the wavelength of the n-one to n-two hydrogen transition, or balancing radiation pressure and gravitation. The aforementioned ones are named for Oort, Lyman, and Eddington. FTP, name these relations from astronomy, one of which gives a lower bound on the orbital radius of satellites and is named for Roche and another of which gives an upper bound on the mass of white dwarves and is named for Chandrasekhar.
ANSWER: astronomical limits (accept Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin limit, Oort limit, Lyman limit, etc.; accept Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin paradox or cut-off before “transition”)
19. One of their rulers forbade kings from inheriting property and instituted the mitma, a policy of reshuffling ethnic groups. Another created the system of Chosen Women, which received tributes of Aqllakuna maidens from subject tribes. Those emperors were mummified before entombment in the Coricancha; one of them was Topa Yupanqui, whose deeds were chronicled by the historian Guaman Poma. Their last undisputed ruler was killed after the Battle of Cajamarca, though his nephew Tupac Amarú fought on against the Spaniards. FTP, Manco Capac ruled from Cuzco over what Andean civilization?