Name______

#___

Changes in the 1800’s

Unit Packet

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Industrial Revolution Outline

p215

Industrial Revolution= CHANGE IN MAKING GOODS BY HAND TO PRODUCING BY MACHINE

1. In the 1700’s most cloth and manufactured goods were made in WORKSHOPS and HOME.

2. Textiles = CLOTH ITEMS

  1. Describe the Spinning Jenny:
  • SPUN COTTON INTO THREAD USING SPINDLES
  • DID THE WORK OF 8 PEOPLE
  1. Merchants built\MILLS near RIVERSand hired CHILD LABORERS.

Samuel Slaterp216

  1. Samuel Slater memorized the plans to BUILD machines and IMMIGRATED to the U.S.
  1. Slater partnered with other businessmen to build the first MILL/FACTORY in the United States.
  1. It was located in RHODE ISLAND.
  1. The New England was ideal for powering textile mills because of the many FAST MOVING RIVERS.

Eli Whitney p401-402

  1. Eli Whitney contributed to manufacturing by using INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS.
  2. Describe the above answer: PARTS THAT CAN BE EASILY REPLACED
  1. Mass production:MAKING LARGE QUANTITIES OF SOMETHING.

Agricultural Revolution

New Inventionsimprove the economy and lives of Americans

Problem / Invention / Inventor / Year / Result
SLOW TO PROCESS AND REMOVE SEEDS / Cotton Gin
p425-26
/ ELI WHITNEY / 1793 /
  • QUICKER PROCESS
  • PROFIT FROM COTTON
  • MORE SLAVES WERE FORCED TO WORK ON FIELDS

SOIL STUCK TO IRON PLOWS / Steel
Plow
p418
/ JOHN
DEERE / 1837 / MADE PLANTING CROPS EASIER
HARVESTING CROPS WAS SLOW / Mechanical Harvester
p418
/ CYRUS
MCCORMICK / 1840 / INCREASED SIZE OF FIELDS A FARMER COULD PLANT ON.

On an autumn day in 1835, the Chief Justice of the United States, John Marshall, began the short trip from Washington to Richmond, Virginia, by coach. Marshall ended his ride a few hours later, bloodied and bruised from being bounced against the coach's roof and walls. The Richmond highway was one of the better roads of Marshall's day. Most of the roads were worse, with tree stumps and washouts to break the bones of an unlucky horse or rider.

The art of building roads that could carry heavy wagons west was no secret. The Scottish engineer John McAdam showed the Lancaster Turnpike Company how to do it in 1792. Raise the road bed for good drainage, McAdam said, and cover it with large rocks for strength and smaller rocksand gravel for smoothness and wear. This design is called a macadam road. Turnpike companies used it in opening the Western frontier.

Good roads, however, have always been expensive. The builders of most of the improved roads of the first third of the nineteenth century tried to build roads as inexpensively as possible.

Wood was plentiful, and so they used log planks as a surface. These wooden roads had short lives, as rail rot, and ordinary wear took a heavy toll. Even so, log roads were carrying traffic in the West as late as 1842. In that year the English novelist Charles Dickens wrote inhis American Notes a hilarious account of a bouncing, bumpy trip on a log road in Ohio.

The federal government refused to directly support thebuilding of highways until 1806. In that year it authorized money for the Natchez Trace and for the Cumberland Pike, later called the National Road. Within a few years, well-built macadam highways-bearing such names as the Chicago Road, the Great Genesee, and Zane's Trace- linked Atlantic coastal cities with the Western frontier.

Road building lagged as canals and then railroads came to bear the heaviest traffic. The role of the federal government in supporting transportation was debated for the next hundred years until the American public could afford to buy cars. The motoring public wanted to go places. With that, the government was in the highway business for good.

Early Roads in the East

Major Roads and Trails, Early 1800's

ATLANTlC
OCEAN

Early Roads in the East

  1. What were the problems with early roads in the 1800’s?

WERE MADE POORLY OUT OF WOOD/ROCKS

  1. Why was it difficult to build roads in the early 1800’s?

COST A LOT OF MONEY

  1. In what way, could you say, was the Chicago Pike
    an extension of the Genesee Road?

LAKE ERIE CONNECTED THE TWO ROADS

  1. What caused roads to be less important by the mid-1800’s?

RAILROADS AND CANALS

The Erie Canal


  1. What city is the farthest eastern port on the Erie Canal? _____Albany___
  1. What city is the farthest western port on the Erie Canal? ______Buffalo__

3. Into what body of water does the Erie Canal flow into at its eastern end? ___Hudson___

  1. Into what body of water does the Erie Canal flow into at its western end? ____Lake Erie__
  1. Name the cities you would stop at along the canal from Buffalo to Albany?

Rochester, Syracuse, Rome and Utica

  1. How did the Erie Canal effect places along the canal?

growth in population, factories, trade, and job opportunities

Factories and Cities change America.

Typical Work week for a factory worker:

Sun / Mon / Tue / Wed / Thu / Fri / Sat
1
OFF / 2
6:30am to
6:30pm / 3
6:30am to
6:30pm / 4
6:30am to
6:30pm / 5
6:30am to
6:30pm / 6
6:30am to
6:30pm / 7
6:30am to
6:30pm

Child Labor

Why was Child Labor used?

Cheap Labor /

What problems occurred?

Over worked
Under paid
Injuries on the job

Working conditions in factories

Dirty
Disease
injuries
long hours
little breaks
treated poorly

.

Cities

Why did people move to cities in the 1800’s?

Job opportunities

Negatives of Cities

Dirty
Disease
Crime /

Positives of Cities

More to do (theatres, restaurants)
Percentage of Farmers / 100
95
90
85
80
1790 1820 1850
Year

Immigration Notes

I. Why did people come to America in the 1800’s

A. Land

1. promise of plentiful Land_

B. Jobs

1. opportunity for __FACTORY work.

C. POLITICAL Freedom

D. Hardships at home

1. IrishPOTATOfamine

II. Adjustments

1. Immigrants had to adjust to new CULTURE.

2. Nativists - people againstIMMIGRANTS.

a. Why?

  • Biased because of different CULTURE
  • Take JOBS

III. Positive aspects

A. “ MELTING pot ” - combination of cultures makes America unique.

B. New IDEAS and inventions.

C.OPPORTUNITY for all.

Largest Cities in the United States
City / Population
1820 / 1840 / 1860
New York City / 123,706 / 312,710 / 813,669
Philadelphia / 112,772 / 220,423 / 565,529
Baltimore / 62,738 / 102,313 / 212,418
Boston / 43,298 / 101,383 / 177,840
New Orleans / 27,176 / 92,193 / 168,675
Cincinnati / 9,642 / 46,338 / 161,044
Pittsburgh / 7,248 / 21,115 / 77,943
St. Louis / 4,508 / 16,469 / 160,773
Buffalo / 2,095 / 18,213 / 81,129
Chicago / --- / 4,853 / 109,260
  1. What does the chart show happening for all the cities listed above?

It is increasing in population

  1. Why might Chicago have no population figure in 1820?

Was not a city yet

  1. What would be the major reason why Buffalo’s population grew rapidly between 1820 and 1860?

Erie Canal

  1. In the mid-1800’s thousands of Americans moved west, why would eastern cities such as New York City, Philadelphia, and Boston gain much population?

Immigrants coming into the United States

The 1800’s – A time of change Revolution = _____Change__

Before After



Slow, difficult, smaller farms
Less population
/ AGRICULTURAL Revolution
Results: quicker, easier, large farms, more
production

Farming

Era of HOMESPUN
Manufacturing was done in:
homes and workshops
Problems:
More expensive, slow production, time consuming / Early INDUSTRIAL Revolution

Mills and Factories
Results: faster production, cheaper to make, cities grow, more jobs, immigration increases.
Old Routes for trade:
Land travel
River travel

Problems: expensive, slow and difficult, few roads /
New Methods of
Transportation:
Canals
Trains
Results: faster, cheaper, farther distances, expansion of the United States

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How did America change in the 1800’s?

Manufacturing

/ How did this topic change in the 1800’s?
Things that were made by hand are now made by machines
/ How did this topic affect the lives of Americans in the 1800’s?
Child labor, more profit, mass production

Transportation

/ How did this topic change in the 1800’s?
Slow, costly, difficult travel
/ How did this topic affect the lives of Americans in the 1800’s?
Faster, increased trade, travel/trade farther distances

Agriculture

/ How did this topic change in the 1800’s?
Farming was slow and difficult
/ How did this topic affect the lives of Americans in the 1800’s?
Faster, more profit, larger farms

Cities

/ How did this topic change in the 1800’s?
People lived far apart from one another and far from resources
/ How did this topic affect the lives of Americans in the 1800’s?
Overcrowded cities, pollution, theaters, lots of things to do.

Industrial Revolution ReviewName______

#______

Use your notes, text and knowledge of Social Studies to complete.

The Industrial Revolution changed the way some products were made. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most products were made in ____homes______or workshops. These products were constructed by ___hand______or simple tools. As the Industrial Revolution began, items were being made in ______factories______or mills using ___machines______. These machines were usually powered by ___water______, so early mills were often located by ___rivers______or streams.

Factories and mills hired ___men_____, __women______, and _children______to work. __women______and __children______were paid lower wages. People worked ____long_____ hours ___6_____ days a week. Conditions in early factories were ___dirty______and ____dangerous______. Many people left farms and small towns to __work_____ in factories. Because of factories, __cities______in America grew in population. The growth of factories in America caused increased ____immigration______from other countries.

The growth of cities had a major effect on the United States. Slowly we were becoming an __urban______nation instead of a rural society. The booming cities were often __crowded______and ____polluted______. On the positive side cities also offered _____jobs______and ____recreation______to their residents.

America changes in the 1800’s

Use your notes to answer the followingquestions using complete sentences.

1. How did the Transportation Revolution affect the United States?

______

______

______

2. How did the Erie Canal effect Buffalo?

______

______

______

3. How did Deere’s and McCormick’s developments affect farmers?

______

______

______

4. Why did many immigrants come to the United States from 1840-1860? (several reasons)

______

______

______

5. Why did many cities grow rapidly in the mid-1800’s?

______

______

______

Help wanted - Factory Workers Name______

#____

Create a “Help Wanted” Ad for a mill/factory worker in the early-mid 1800’s.

  • Make the ad “Truthful and honest”
  • Consider the following as part of your ad:
  • Hours, pay, working conditions, desired workers, location of mill.

9-10 pts - accurate qualifications, creative, detailed and descriptive.

7-8 pts - accurate qualifications, some detail and creativity

5-6 pts - some of above requirements

0-4 pts - little information, inaccurate.

Early Industrial Revolution

Use notes to answer the questions using complete & detailed sentences.

1. What change occurred in manufacturing as a result of the Early Industrial Revolution?

______

______

______

2. How did Samuel Slater contribute to the growth of American Industry?

______

______

______

3. How did Eli Whitney contribute to manufacturing?

______

______

______

4. Why did New England have more factories than the South?

______

______

______

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