Name: ______Date: ______Period: ______Page: ______

Acid, Base, Solutions Review Packet

Acids vs. Bases

  1. Label each of the following substances as either acid or base.

a. NaOH______

b. H2SO4______

c. H3PO3______

d. KOH______

e. NH3______

f. HCl______

g. LiOH______

h. C2H5OH______

i. HNO3______

j. HC2H3O2______

  1. Describe acids and bases as defined by the following scientists:

Arrhenius: ______

______

______

Brønsted-Lowry: ______

______

______

Lewis:______

______

______

  1. Label the Brønsted-Lowry acid, Brønsted-Lowry base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in the following examples:

a. NH3+ H2O → NH4++ OH-

______

b. HC2H3O2+H2O→ C2H3O2-+ H3O+

______

c. HCl+H2O→Cl-+ H3O+

______

d. H2O+NaOH→OH-+ NaOH2+

______

  1. Describe the observable properties of acids and bases:

acids: ______

______

______

bases: ______

______

______

Indicators

  1. Indicators use different colors to show what pH range an acid or base falls in. Using the following table of indicators, answer the following questions.

INDICATORS

Indicator / pH range
Thymol Blue / 1 – 2.5
Methyl Red / 4 – 6
Bromothymol Blue / 6 – 7.5
Phenolphthalein / 8 – 10
  1. Which indicator would you use to measure the pH of hydrochloric acid (strongly acidic)?

______

  1. Could you use methyl red to indicate the pH of bleach? (Remember, cleaners are typically bases) Why or why not?

______

______

______

pH and pOH

  1. Find the pH of the following concentrations.

a. [H+] = .01 M e. [OH-] = .0001 M

b. [H+] = 1 x 10-8 M f. [OH-] = 1 x 10-13 M

c. [H+] = 3.8 x 10-4 M g. [OH-] = 6.9 x 10-2 M

d. [H+] = 7.8 x 10-12 M h. [OH-] = 2.4 x 10-8 M

  1. Find the pOH of the following concentrations.

a. [OH-] = .001 M d. [OH-] = 6.9 x 10-10 M

b. [OH-] = 1 x 10-3 M e. [H+] = .1 M

c. [OH-] = 4.7 x 10-6 M f. [H+] = 1 x 10-1 M

  1. Label the boxes under the pH scale as “slightly basic,” “slightly acidic,” “very basic,” and “very acidic.”

Neutralization

  1. Complete and balance the equations for the following neutralization reactions.

a. HCl+NaOH→______+______

b. H2SO4 +Ca(OH)2→______+______

c.HC2H3O2+KOH→______+______

d.HNO3+Ba(OH)2→______+______

e. H3PO4+LiOH→______+______

  1. Carry out the following neutralization calculations using the following formula:

a. How much 3.00 M HF is needed to neutralize 0.750 L of 0.5 M NaOH?

b. How much 6.00 M NaOH is needed to neutralize 2.25 L of 3.00 M H2SO4?

c. How much 9.00 M H2SO4 is needed to neutralize 985 mL of 2.85 M Ca(OH)2?

Buffers

  1. Define buffer: ______

Mish-Mosh

12-15 Circle the correct answer(s).

  1. Recall that bases turn blue litmus paper (red, blue) and turn red litmus paper (red, blue).
  1. The (solute, solvent, solution) is the part of the solution that you have the most of. Water is typically the (solute, solvent, solution) unless otherwise stated.
  1. Imagine that you are in charge of an environmental cleanup crew. You are to neutralize a KOH spill. You select (NaOH, H2O, HBr) to neutralize the spill.
  1. A solution is (homogeneous, heterogeneous).

Solutions & Solubility

  1. If you have a solution of salt water, how can you make more salt dissolve into the water?

a. ______

b. ______

c. ______

d. ______

  1. What does a solubility curve tell you?

______

18-22 Use a solubility curve in your notebook

  1. At 30°C, how many grams of KClO3 are needed to make a saturated solution with 100g of water? ______
  1. At 50°C and 60g of KNO3 per 100g of water, is the solution saturated, supersaturated, or unsaturated? ______
  1. At 100°C and 110g of NaNO3 per 100g of water, is the solution saturated, supersaturated, or unsaturated? ______
  1. Which chemical is most soluble at 30°C? ______
  1. Which chemical is least soluble at 50°C? ______

Conjugate Pairs

  1. Conjugate Pairs: Identify the conjugate base of the following acids.

a. H2SO4 ______

b. HSO3- ______

c. H3O+ ______

d. H2O ______