1
NAME______KEY______
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY EXAM
December 17, 2001
I.FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, INDICATE THE LETTER THAT CORRESPONDS TO THE BEST OR MOST LIKELY ANSWER.
1.Medullary rays of the kidney are
A.found between the bases of medullary pyramids.
*B.present in the cortex.
C.in contact with the capsule.
D.identical to renal columns.
E. found in the papilla.
2.Under normal conditions, lamellar bodies or their products may appear in
A.alveolar macrophages.
B.type I pneumocytes.
C.type II pneumocytes.
*D. type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages.
E. type I pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages.
3.Cultured cells derived from a secretory gland normally secrete highly glycosylated proteins. After exposure to the antibiotic, tunicamycin, the secreted proteins from the cells completely lacked carbohydrates attached to asparagines (ASN). There was no evidence that the carbohydrates were cleaved from the protein. The antibiotic most likely targets
*A.the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
B.the trans-Golgi apparatus.
C.the cis-Golgi apparatus.
D. secretory vesicles.
E.ribosomes.
4.In the human nasal cavity, the mucosa of the three conchas
A.is covered primarily with stratified squamous epithelium.
B.has olfactory neurons distributed evenly over the surface.
C.has a thin lamina propria with minimal vascular supply.
*D.includes serous and mucous glands.
E.is unusual because it lacks diffuse lymphoid tissue in the lamina propria.
5.Cells in the stratum granulosum of thick skin have cytoplasm that appears granular when observed by light microscopy. The structures that give the cells this appearance have a high concentration of
*A.filaggrin.
B.glycolipids in a lamellar configuration.
C.melanin.
D.tyrosinase.
E.hydrolytic enzymes.
6.Pulmonary surfactant
A.increases surface tension in the alveoli.
B.is composed of more than 90% glycoproteins.
C.is produced by alveolar macrophages.
D.is composed primarily of glycosaminoglycans.
*E.forms tubular myelin immediately following secretion.
7.Proteins that pass through the kidney filtration barrier are endocytosed within a specific region of normal uriniferous tubules. They are then broken down to amino acids that subsequently are released into the interstitium where they enter the
A.mesangial cells.
B.thin limbs of the loops of Henle.
*C.peritubular plexus of capillaries.
D.connecting tubules.
E.vasa recta.
8.In an autopsy of a patient with throat cancer, a pathologist was interested in determining the orientation of a section of epiglottis obtained from very near its base. Which of the following would allow distinction between the anterior and posterior surface?
A.Distribution and type of cartilage
B.Distribution of bronchiole associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)
C.Types of glands
*D.Types of surface epithelium
E.Density of lamina propria
9.In skin, the majority of melanosomes would be located in
*A.keratinocytes.
B.Langerhans cells.
C. melanocytes.
D.Merkel cells.
E.macrophages.
10.Epidermal Langerhans cells
A.have “fusiform vesicles” that are continuous with the SER.
*B.process antigens.
C.are located primarily within the stratum corneum.
D.synthesize antibodies.
E.have numerous desmosomes.
11.Which of the following are bounded by a limiting unit membrane?
- Membrane coating granules
B.Keratohyalin granules
C.Melanosomes
D.Membrane coating granules and keratohyalin granules
*E.Membrane coating granules and melanosomes
12.A histology student was certain that the structure visible in the microscope was a bronchus, rather than a different region of the respiratory conductive passages, because the structure included
- mucous glands.
- smooth muscle.
- Clara cells.
*D.many irregularly-shaped plates of hyaline cartilage.
E.ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
13.While repairing severe facial trauma that a patient suffered in an automobile accident, an otolaryngologist had to remove part of the inferior concha. After removal, the concha maintained its scroll-like shape because it was supported by
A.elastic cartilage.
B.hyaline cartilage.
C.fibrocartilage.
*D.cancellous bone.
E.compact bone.
14.The primary difference between skin that appears light and skin that appears dark is attributed to
A.the pathway by which melanosomes are acquired directly by cells in the stratum corneum.
B.the embryonic origin of the melanocytes.
*C.the processing of melanosomes within the epidermis.
D.the intracellular distribution of melanosomes within melanocytes.
E.differences in the quantity of melanocytes/unit area within the epidermis.
15. In a normal interphase cell, lamins are most concentrated in the
A.cytosol.
B.Golgi apparatus.
C.peroxisomes.
D.RER.
*E.nucleus
16.A biopsy of skin was obtained from a breast cancer patient undergoing colchicine chemotherapy. Examination of biopsy sections would show many metaphase mitotic figures in
*A.the stratum basale.
B.the stratum granulosum.
C.the stratum lucidum.
D.the stratum corneum.
E.all of the above.
17.The urinary bladder routinely contains urine that is hypertonic relative to the blood. The structural barrier that allows maintenance of this hypertonicity is the
*A.plasma membrane of the luminal cells.
B.basal epithelial cells.
C.thick muscularis.
D.basal lamina.
E.dense connective tissue in the lamina propria.
18.Harlequin Ichthyosis is a congenital skin disease in which the skin is thick, tight and less flexible than normal. The causative dysfunction occurs in
A.Merkel cells.
B.sweat glands.
C.external root sheath keratinocytes.
*D.stratum granulosum keratinocytes.
E.stratum basale keratinocytes.
19.Which of the following sequences is correct regarding the blood supply in the kidney?
(Intervening structures may have been omitted.)
A.Renal artery – arcuate artery – afferent arteriole – interlobular artery – vasa recta – arcuate vein
B.Renal artery – interlobular artery – efferent arteriole – peritubular plexus – glomerulus – interlobular vein
C.Renal artery – arcuate artery – interlobar artery - efferent arteriole – vasa recta – arcuate vein
*D.Renal artery – arcuate artery – afferent arteriole – peritubular plexus – interlobular vein – interlobar vein
E.Renal artery - interlobular artery – arcuate artery – afferent arteriole – glomerulus – arcuate vein – interlobular vein
20.Electron micrographs of Merkel cells reveal characteristics that make them easily distinguishable from other cell types. These include
A. “racquet-shaped” granules throughout the cytoplasm.
B.tyrosinase activity in the Golgi apparatus.
C.long dendritic processes.
D.the presence of keratin filament bundles.
*E.“dense-core” cytoplasmic granules.
21.In epidermis, tissue fluids are prevented from penetrating the intercellular region due to the presence of
A. numerous desmosomes (“intercellular bridges”).
*B.the products of membrane coating granules.
C.a high concentration of keratin filaments.
D.zonulae occludens.
E.products derived from keratohyalin granules.
22. Smooth muscle is present in
A.the trachea.
B.alveolar ducts.
*C.both the trachea and alveolar ducts.
D.neither the trachea nor alveolar ducts.
23.A component that is absent from all bronchiolar segments is
A.ciliated cells.
BClara cells.
C.goblet cells.
D.smooth muscle cells.
*E. submucosal glands.
24.Which of the following have a highly developed neuromuscular junction on each cell?
A.Smooth muscle cells
B.Cardiac muscle cells
*C.Skeletal muscle cells
D.Cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle cells
E.Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle cells
25.The thinnest region of a Type I pneumocyte measures
A.<10 nm.
* B.25 to 50 nm.
C.250 to 500 nm.
D.800 to 1500 nm.
E.>2000 nm.
26.Defense mechanisms of the lung include
A.alveolar macrophages.
B.bronchiolar associated lymphoid tissue (BALT).
C.mast cells.
D.products of Type II pneumocytes.
*E. all of the above.
27.The conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II occurs mainly in the
A.macula densa.
B.juxtaglomerular cells.
C.extraglomerular mesangial cells.
*D.lungs.
E.interstitial cells located in the medulla of the kidney.
II.IN THE FOLLOWING SECTION, NOTE THAT THE CORRECT ANSWER IS
THE STATEMENT THAT IS LEAST LIKELY.
28.A component of the basement membrane underlying the epidermis of the skin that is likely to be ABSENT from the fused basal lamina of the renal corpuscle is/are
*A.reticular fibers.
B.collagen type IV.
C.laminin.
D.lamina lucida.
E.lamina densa.
29.Which cell type would you expect to have the LEAST prominent network of rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A.Osteoblasts
B.Neurons
C.Plasma cells
*D. Basophilic erythroblasts
E. Serous gland cells
30.After using the acid phosphatase reaction to localize hydrolytic enzyme activity, the cell type with the LEAST amount of reaction product would be
A.cells of the proximal convoluted tubules.
*B.cells of collecting ducts.
C.alveolar macrophages.
D.neutrophils.
E.osteoclasts.
31.All of the following cell types normally have more than one nucleus EXCEPT
A.osteoclasts.
B.skeletal muscle.
*C.megakaryocytes.
D.giant cells.
32.Which of the following is a characteristic of the ureter but NOT the urethra?
A.Adventitia
B.Diffuse lymphoid tissue
C.Venous plexus in lamina propria
*D.Entirely lined by transitional epithelium
E.Circular and longitudinal orientation of smooth muscle
33.All of the following are correct regarding the renal corpuscle EXCEPT that
A.the parietal layer lies adjacent to the urinary space.
B.podocytes are bathed in the provisional urine ultrafiltrate.
C.fenestrations of glomerular capillaries lack diaphragms.
D.mesangial cells are separated from the glomerular endothelium or the visceral layer by a basal lamina.
*E.the filtration slits are formed between processes from both podocytes and cells in the parietal epithelium.
34.All of the following are true EXCEPT that
A.deep in the medulla the nephron epithelium is simple squamous.
B.the cells that form the ascending thick limbs resemble the cells of the distal convoluted tubules.
C.both the ascending and descending thick limbs have cytoplasm that is acidophilic.
*D.the cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons have a region that extends from within a medullary ray to about the same depth in the medulla.
E.the cells of the descending thick limbs have a brush border.
35.The various types of glands or cells of the skin utilize processes that can be described by all of the following terms EXCEPT
*A. apocrine.
B.cytocrine.
C.exocrine.
D.holocrine.
E.merocrine.
36.Characteristics of the mucous covering the air conducting passages in the respiratory system include all of the following EXCEPT that it
A.humidifies air.
B.is transported up the bronchi and trachea by the mucociliary escalator.
C.provides a surface to which particulate matter can adhere.
D.is secreted by both mucous glands and goblet cells.
*E.is continuously recycled by macrophages that reside in the alveoli.
37.Which of the following is LEAST likely to be observed in the reticular layer of the skin?
A.Anastomotic (arterio-venous) shunts.
*B.Meissner’s corpuscles.
C.Type I collagen fibers.
D.Fibroblasts.
E.Sweat glands.
38.All of the following are correct regarding matrix cells of hair follicles EXCEPT that they
A.may be adjacent to melanocytes.
B.are the precursors of the hair shaft.
C.may differentiate into the cells of the internal root sheath.
*D.are the source of the external root sheath.
E.are less active during the telogen phase of hair growth than during the anagen phase.
39.All of the following cell types have either a basal lamina or its equivalent, an external lamina, EXCEPT for
A.the basal cells of respiratory epithelium.
B.skeletal muscle cells.
*C.plasma cells.
D.endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries.
E.type I pneumocytes.
III.MATCHING
MATCH THE NUMBERED STATEMENTS BELOW WITH THE LETTERED
OPTIONS A-E. EACH ANSWER MAY BE USED ONCE, MORE THAN ONCE
OR NOT AT ALL.
A.Eccrine sweat glands
B.Apocrine sweat glands
C.Sebaceous glands
D.Eccrine and apocrine sweat glands
E.Apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands
D40.Have myoepithelial cells
A41.Major role in reducing temperature of entire body.
B42.Bulging apex of secretory cells contains eosinophilic secretory granules.
D43.Coiled tubular glands
------
A.Pulmonary artery
B.Bronchial artery
C.Pulmonary vein
D.Pulmonary artery and bronchial artery
E.Bronchial artery and pulmonary vein
D44.Contain(s) blood that flows into the alveolar capillaries.
E45.Contain(s) blood that has a high concentration of oxygen.
C46.Located in septa between lobules.
IV.DIAGRAM
Using the diagrams below, match the lettered regions (A-E) in the diagram of kidney tubules with the numbered diagrams (1-4) of electron micrographs of cells.
1 2 34
E47.Cell #2 would be found in which of the regions indicated (A – E)?
D48.Cell #4 would be found in which of the regions indicated (A – E)?