Review Questions - Lecture 14: Gene to Protein
- What is the difference between genotype & phenotype?
- What is gene expression?
- Why is the phrase “one gene, one protein” inaccurate?
- Provide a definition for transcription and translation that clearly distinguishes between the two terms.
- What is a codon?
- Why is redundancy important in codons?
- Make a series of drawings that clearly shows what happens in each step of transcription (initiation, elongation and termination). Be sure to include the following: promoter, RNA polymerase, nucleotides, transcription factors, TATA box, polyadenylation signal sequence).
- What are the cap and tail added to mRNA made of? What are their function?
- Make a drawing that clearly shows RNA splicing. Include: introns, exons, splicesome.
- What are ribozymes?
- Make a series of drawings that clearly shows what happens in each step of translation (initiation, elongation and termination). Be sure to include the following: tRNA, anticodon, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, small and large ribosomal subunits, A-site, P-site, exit site, mRNA binding site, start tRNA, codon recognition, peptide bond formation, growing peptide chain, translocation, stop tRNA, release factors.
- What are polyribosomes?
- What happens to the polypeptide chain after it is synthesized?
- How do proteins that should be made in the ER get to the ER?
- Make a list of all the different types of RNA and their functions.
- What is a mutation?
- What is a point mutation?
- Distinguish between the following types of mutation: silent, missense and nonsense.
- How are insertions and deletions different than base-pair substitutions?
- What are some causes of mutations?
- Do all mutations that occur get passed on to offspring?
Review Questions - Lecture 15: Gene Regulation, Part 1
- Describe how feedback inhibition works.
- Draw a picture of an operon, including: promoter, operator, genes.
- What is a regulatory gene?
- Make a series of drawings that compares/contrasts a repressible operon and an inducible operon. Include: promoter, operator, genes, repressor, corepressor, regulatory gene, RNA polymerase, inducer, mRNA.
- What is the difference between negative gene regulation and positive gene regulation?
- Make a series of drawings showing a combination of negative and positive gene regulation in the lactose metabolic pathway. Include: promoter, operator, genes, repressor, regulatory gene, RNA polymerase, inducer, mRNA. CAP, cyclicAMP, activator, glucose concentration, CAP-binding site.