UNIT #2 and #3 500 A.D. to 1200 A.D.
Topic (Frequency) / Key Words/Subjects (Frequency)Islam/Golden Age(23) / Golden Age/contributions - math, astronomy, trade, architecture and literature (13), Five Pillars (4), Saladin, Ibn Battuta, Sunnis vs Shiites, people of the Book
Middle Ages (18) / Feudalism (6), Church/Gothic architecture (2), knights (2), manorialism (2), serf, Achievements, social status, guilds
Byzantium/ Russia (24) / Justinian Code (9), Russian Orthodox Church/Cyrillic (9), Preservation of Greek and Roman Culture, location – Constantinople, division of Roman Empire,
Tang/Song/Ming (28) / Pax Mongolia/Silk Road (7), Zheng He (5), Marco Polo, Ming – banned trading/Isolation, cultural diffusion, stirrup, gunpowder/compass/Tang
Mali/W. Africa (18) / Cultural Diffusion, Gold and Salt Trade (13), Mensa Musa/Pilgrimage/Islam (5), Ibn Battuta,
Renaissance (21) / Machiavelli (6), humanism (6), da Vinci/Michelangelo/Shakespeare, secularism, revival of classical ideas, Mediterranean Sea/city states, joint stock company
Commercial revolution (10) / Rise of capitalism (7), guild (3), joint stock company, bank
Reformation (21) / Martin Luther/ 95 Theses (7), Church/indulgence (5), printing press, Council of Trent, John Calvin, Henry VIII,
Bubonic Plague/Black Death (9) / Cause - trade (7), population decline (2)
Ottoman Empire (14) / Decline – corruption, Siege of Vienna (2), Control of Constantinople, Location - Mediterranean Sea, diversity, Suleiman the Magnificent (3)
Crusades (8) / Led to trade (3), controversial, Muslims defended Jerusalem
Magna Carta/English Democratic History (11) / Limited monarchy/ democracy (9), Puritan Revolution, Parliamentary democracy,
Islam (Religion and Golden Age)
. . The actual journey to Mecca [Makkah] began on the fifth of Dhu al-Hijjah, 1393 (the 29th of December, 1973, according to the Gregorian calendar), at Beirut International Airport, but it was not until the afternoon of the seventh that I donned [put on] the Ihram [robe] and drove along on the road from Jiddah to Mecca. The road was crowded with cars, buses and trucks all packed with pilgrims chanting the Hajj refrain, the Talbiyah: . . .
— Michael E. Jansen, An American Girl on the Hajj
6 This passage describes the experience of a follower of
(1) Christianity (2) Islam
(3) Hinduism (4) Judaism
(Jan 08 Q6)
Which practice is most closely associated with a person of the Islamic faith?
(1) refraining from eating meat on Fridays
(2) praying five times a day
(3) following the Eightfold Path
(4) worshipping many gods
(Jan 09 Q6)
Which text is essential to the practice of Islam?
(1) New Testament (2) Analects
(3) Torah (4) Qur’an (Koran)
(Aug 09 Q8)
One similarity between the Gupta Empire and the Arab dynasties of the Islamic Golden Age is that they
(1) made advances in mathematics and literature
(2) gained wealth by obtaining gold from the Americas
(3) stressed the importance of dharma and karma
(4) controlled territories around the Mediterranean seacoast
(Jan 10 Q7)
• Creation of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad
• Development of algebra
• Use of calligraphy as an art form
Which Golden Age is most closely associated with these achievements?
(1) Islamic (2) Gupta
(3) Tang (4) Songhai
(Jan 11 Q10)
Which belief system requires fasting during Ramadan, praying five times daily, and making a pilgrimage to Mecca?
(1) Judaism (2) Christianity
(3) Islam (4) Hinduism
(Jan 12 Q6)
• Islamic scholars made significant contributions to astronomy.
• Muslim architects excelled in design.
• Schools and libraries were built in Islamic urban centers.
Which conclusion about Islamic society during its Golden Age can best be supported by these statements?
(1) Social status of Muslims was determined at birth.
(2) Achievements relied on a knowledge of math and science.
(3) People of diverse faiths were required to convert to Islam.
(4) Cities developed self-sufficient economies.
(Aug 12 Q9)
• Fasting during Ramadan
• Praying five times each day
• Giving charity to the poor
Followers of which religion engage in these practices?
(1) Christianity (2) Buddhism
(3) Islam (4) Judaism
(Jan 13 Q6)
Which achievements are most closely associated with the Golden Age of Islamic culture? (1) mosques, medical books, and algebra
(2) gunpowder, pagodas, and silk
(3) aqueducts, roads, and polytheistic temples
(4) columns, theory of a sun-centered universe, and democracy
(Jan 13 Q9)
Which statement about the Islamic Golden Age is a fact rather than an opinion?
(1) Islamic medicine was more advanced than Chinese medicine.
(2) Poetry and literature were more important fields of study for Muslims than was mathematics.
(3) Knowledge of astronomy was used by Muslims to fulfill religious obligations.
(4) Islamic philosophies relied less on Greek philosophical masters than on Indian philosophical masters.
(Jan 14 Q7)
Base your answers to questions 6 and 7 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. …
It was during the Arab period, particularly under the Umayyads (756–1031), that Qurtubah [Cordova] enjoyed its prime and grandeur and took its place as the most civilized city in Western Europe. None of the other Spanish historic cities — Toledo, Seville, and Granada — approached it in material prosperity and intellectual attainments. When Christendom was deep in its Dark Ages, Moslem Cordova was rearing men, evolving ideas, writing books, erecting buildings, and producing works of art that constituted a unique civilization. In the West it had one peer in Constantinople and in the East another, Baghdad. At no time before or after did any Spanish city enjoy such distinction.… — Philip K. Hitti, CapitalCities of Arab Islam
6 Based on this passage, what is a major criterion used to measure the distinctive civilization found in Cordova?
(1) unique religious beliefs (2) distance from Baghdad
(3) intellectual achievements (4) depth of the Dark Ages
(Aug 14 Q6)
7 Which term is best illustrated using this passage?
(1) golden age (2) divine right
(3) spheres of influence (4) global interdependence
(Aug 14 Q7)
Many achievements made during the Golden Ages of both Islam and the WestAfricanKingdoms reached European societies by way of
(1) trade networks in the Mediterranean Sea region
(2) trade expeditions between China and Africa
(3) the voyages of Ferdinand Magellan
(4) the travels of Commodore Matthew Perry
(June 09 Q41)
One way in which the actions of Alexander the Great, Saladin, and Shaka Zulu are similar is that each implemented
(1) military strategies to defeat opponents
(2) constitutions to define political powers
(3) policies to increase religious persecution
(4) legal changes to protect human rights
(June 10 Q40)
One way in which the travels of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta are similar is that each
(1) started mass migrations from Europe
(2) stimulated interest in other cultures
(3) led to the establishment of colonies
(4) resulted in archaeological discoveries in Africa
(June 10 Q42)
Base your answer to question 44 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies
. . . . The split arose from a dispute over who should succeed the Prophet Muhammad after his death in A.D. 632. Some followers believed his successor should be chosen by tribal consensus, and they named one of Muhammad’s inner circle as the first caliph, or spiritual leader. But others thought the successor should come directly from the Prophet’s family, namely his cousin and sonin-law Ali. . . .
Source: National Geographic, June 2004
44 The situation described in this passage led to the
(1) pogroms in Russia
(2) fall of Constantinople
(3) division of Sunnis and Shiites
(4) tensions between Protestants and Catholics
(June 10 Q44)
• Creation of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad
• Development of algebra
• Use of calligraphy as an art form
Which Golden Age is most closely associated with these achievements?
(1) Islamic (2) Gupta (3) Tang (4) Songhai
(Jan 11 Q10)
Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta are best known for
(1) exploring the Western Hemisphere
(2) leading religious movements
(3) opening trade between Africa and Japan
(4) providing extensive information about lands and people
(Jan 11 Q11)
Which historical period is associated with the concept of zero, the development of a handbook on medicine, and the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam?
(1) European Renaissance (2) Golden Age of Islam
(3) Songhai Empire (4) Age of Pericles
(Aug 11 Q43)
• Islamic scholars made significant contributions to astronomy.
• Muslim architects excelled in design.
• Schools and libraries were built in Islamic urban centers.
Which conclusion about Islamic society during its Golden Age can best be supported by these statements?
(1) Social status of Muslims was determined at birth.
(2) Achievements relied on a knowledge of math and science.
(3) People of diverse faiths were required to convert to Islam.
(4) Cities developed self-sufficient economies.
(Aug 12 Q9)
Muslims’ reference to Christians and Jews as “People of the Book” demonstrates they all shared a belief in
(1) the pope (2) the five relationships (3) monotheism (4) dharma
(Aug 12 Q12)
Which achievements are most closely associated with the Golden Age of Islamic culture? (1) mosques, medical books, and algebra
(2) gunpowder, pagodas, and silk
(3) aqueducts, roads, and polytheistic temples
(4) columns, theory of a sun-centered universe, and democracy
(Jan 13 Q9)
Which statement about the Islamic Golden Age is a fact rather than an opinion?
(1) Islamic medicine was more advanced than Chinese medicine.
(2) Poetry and literature were more important fields of study for Muslims than was mathematics.
(3) Knowledge of astronomy was used by Muslims to fulfill religious obligations.
(4) Islamic philosophies relied less on Greek philosophical masters than on Indian philosophical masters.
(Jan 14 Q7)
Base your answers to questions 6 and 7 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies
. … It was during the Arab period, particularly under the Umayyads (756–1031), that Qurtubah [Cordova] enjoyed its prime and grandeur and took its place as the most civilized city in Western Europe. None of the other Spanish historic cities — Toledo, Seville, and Granada — approached it in material prosperity and intellectual attainments. When Christendom was deep in its Dark Ages, Moslem Cordova was rearing men, evolving ideas, writing books, erecting buildings, and producing works of art that constituted a unique civilization. In the West it had one peer in Constantinople and in the East another, Baghdad. At no time before or after did any Spanish city enjoy such distinction.…
— Philip K. Hitti, CapitalCities of Arab Islam
6 Based on this passage, what is a major criterion used to measure the distinctive civilization found in Cordova?
(1) unique religious beliefs (2) distance from Baghdad
(3) intellectual achievements (4) depth of the Dark Ages
(Aug 14 Q6)
7 Which term is best illustrated using this passage?
(1) golden age (2) divine right (3) spheres of influence (4) global interdependence
(Aug 14 Q7)
Middle Ages/Feudalism
The term feudalism is best defined as a
(1) holy war between Christians and Muslims
(2) process in which goods are traded for other goods
(3) division of political power between three separate branches
(4) system in which land is exchanged for military service and loyalty
(Jan 08 Q6)
In western Europe, feudalism developed after the
(1) Roman Empire collapsed (2) Renaissance began
(3) city of Constantinople fell (4) Mongols invaded
(Aug 08 Q8)
Which political system is best described in the outline below?
I. ______
A. Decentralized government
B. Based on loyalty and service
C. Code of chivalry
D. Military elite
(1) Oligarchy (2) Absolutism
(3) Feudalism (4) Democracy
(Jan 09 Q9)
Base your answer to question 15 on the graphic organizer below and on your knowledge of social studies.
New universities founded Three-field system used
?
Magna Carta signed Gothic cathedrals built
15 Which title best completes this graphic organizer?
(1) Improvements Under the Tokugawa
(2) Achievements of Medieval Europe
(3) Developments in Ancient Ghana
(4) Changes Resulting From the Counter Reformation
(June 09 Q15)
In European and Japanese feudal societies, social status was usually determined by
(1) marriage (2) birth
(3) individual abilities (4) education and training
(June 09 Q42)
What was the most important force in providing unity and stability throughout western Europe during the Middle Ages?
(1) church (2) nobility
(3) inquisition (4) military
(Aug 09 Q11)
What is a primary characteristic of a feudal society?
(1) a representative government
(2) economic equality for all
(3) protection of individual rights
(4) an exchange of land for services
(Jan 10 Q14)
Which institution served as the primary unifying force in medieval western Europe?
(1) legislature (2) church
(3) monarchy (4) military
(June 10 Q8)
• Stained glass windows assist people in understanding Biblical stories.
• Taller and larger cathedrals emphasize the grandeur and glory of God.
These statements best describe elements of
(1) the Four Noble Truths (2) Chinese pagodas
(3) Gothic architecture (4) Greek ideas
(Jan 11 Q13)
One way in which knights, samurai, and warlords are similar is that they all
(1) were traditional religious leaders
(2) occupied military posts in the Chinese Empire
(3) expelled the Moors from Spain
(4) held positions of power in feudal systems
(Jan 11 Q44)
During the European Middle Ages, guilds were created to
(1) obtain better working conditions in factories
(2) standardize goods and prices
(3) regulate the money supply
(4) increase competition
(June 11 Q9)
In the European feudal system under manorialism, what is the most significant economic commodity?
(1) livestock (2) land
(3) gold and silver (4) sugar and spices
(Aug 11 Q44)
An economic reason for the institution of serfdom was to maintain
(1) an educated citizenry (2) a stable workforce
(3) overseas trade (4) religious uniformity
(Jan 12 Q11)
One way Japanese feudalism during the Tokugawa shogunate was different from European feudalism is that during this period of Japanese feudalism
(1) political power was more centralized
(2) foreign missionaries were welcomed
(3) emperors were overthrown in coups d’état
(4) most wealthy merchants were able to attain high social status
(Jan 12 Q13)
Base your answer to question 10 on the chart below and on your knowledge of social studies.
?
______
LORDS SERFS
• Assigned farmland • Tended the lord’s land
• Provided protection from bandits • Maintained the lord’s estate
10 What is the best title for this chart?
(1) Role of the Church (2) Feudal Obligations
(3) Knights’ Code of Chivalry (4) Rules for Guild Membership
(Aug 12 Q10)
Which heading best completes the partial outline below?
I. ______
A. Decentralized governments
B. Widespread usage of manorialism
C. Increased power of the Roman Catholic Church
(1) Results of the Spanish Reconquista
(2) Characteristics of Feudal Europe
(3) Essential Traits of the Italian City-States
(4) Outcomes of the Glorious Revolution
(June 13 Q48)
Which statement best characterizes Europe during the early Middle Ages?
(1) A centralized government provided law and order.
(2) Manorialism developed to meet the people’s economic needs.
(3) People adopted humanism and questioned the Church.
(4) A standardized currency promoted international trade.
(Aug 13 Q9)
Base your answer to question 47 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies
. … I, John of Toul, make known that I am the liege man of the lady Beatrice, countess of Troyes, and of her son, Theobald, count of Champagne, against every creature, living or dead, saving my allegiance to lord Enjorand of Coucy, lord John of Arcis, and the count of Grandpré. If it should happen that the count of Grandpré should be at war with the countess and count of Champagne on his own quarrel, I will aid the count of Grandpré in my own person, and will send to the count and the countess of Champagne the knights whose service I owe to them for the fief which I hold of them. But if the count of Grandpré shall make war on the countess and the count of Champagne on behalf of his friends and not in his own quarrel, I will aid in my own person the countess and count of Champagne, and will send one knight to the count of Grandpré for the service which I owe him for the fief which I hold of him, but I will not go myself into the territory of the count of Grandpré to make war on him.…
47 In which period of western European history was the relationship described in this passage most common?
(1) Neolithic (2) Classical (3) Medieval (4) Napoleonic
(June 14 Q47)
Byzantium
Which title best completes the partial outline below?
I. –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
A. Incorporation of European and Arabic ideas in architecture
B. Preservation of Greco-Roman ideas
C. Spread of Orthodox Christianity into Russia
D. Development of Justinian Code
(1) Age of Discovery (2) Byzantine Empire
(3) Persian Empire (4) Crusades
(Jan 08 Q7)
Base your answer to question 7 on the graphic organizer below and on your knowledge of social studies.
7 Which item best completes this graphic organizer?
CapitalCity of Constantinople Justinian Code
Byzantium
Orthodox Christianity ?______Hagia Sophia
(1) Development of the Wheel
(2) Preservation of Greek and Roman Culture
(3) Creation of the Compass
(4) Utilization of Cuneiform
(Aug 08 Q7)
A major contribution of the Byzantine Empire was the
(1) invention of the wheel and gunpowder
(2) participation of citizens in government
(3) diffusion of Hindu beliefs
(4) preservation of Greek science and Roman engineering
(Jan 09 Q8)
The early Russian civilization adopted the Eastern Orthodox religion, the Cyrillic alphabet, and different styles of art and architecture through contact with
(1) traders from China
(2) conquering Mongol invaders
(3) Vikings from northern Europe
(4) missionaries from the Byzantine Empire
(June 09 Q8)
• Justinian issues a new code of laws.
• Greek culture is preserved.
• A split develops in Christianity between the Roman Catholics and Orthodox Christians. Which empire is most closely associated with these statements?
(1)Byzantine (2) Persian (3) Mughal (4) British
(Aug 09 Q41)
• Cyrillic alphabet adopted for use in Russia.
• Russians accepted the teachings of the Orthodox Christian Church.
• Onion-shaped domes dotted the skyline of Kievan Russia.
Which term is most closely associated with these statements?
(1) ethnocentrism (2) interdependence
(3) cultural diffusion (4) colonialism
(Jan 10 Q10)
Which historic figure is correctly paired with the empire he ruled?
(1) Charlemagne — Spanish Empire
(2) Peter the Great — Ottoman Empire
(3) Justinian — Byzantine Empire
(4) Sulieman the Magnificent — Russian Empire
(Aug 10 Q39)
Which development is most closely associated with the beginning of the Byzantine Empire?
(1) emergence of the Russian Orthodox Church
(2) division of the Roman Empire
(3) building of the Hagia Sophia
(4) fall of Constantinople
(Jan 11 Q9)
In what way did the rivers of Russia influence its history?