OilChange
Description
This Activity Planwill demonstrateto students how tosuccessfully perform an engineoilandfilterchange on a vehicle.Studentswill be giventhe opportunity toperformthis activity on avehicleoftheirownchoosingtodemonstratethelearnedskills.
LessonOutcomes
Thestudentwill be ableto:
•Understandthe process andprotocolsrequiredtochangetheengineoilandfilter on avehicle
•Explainthe reasons whyregular oil changesareimportant andhow theyrelate to theexpression “paynow or pay later”
•Follow industry guidelines on recycling anddisposal ofplastic oil containers,usedoil andfilters
•Understandthereasonsandbenefitsoftheuseof a torquewrenchtotightenthedrainplug
•Identify andcompetentlyuseanoilfilterwrenchwhenrequired
•Researchthe informationrequired toorderthe correctpartsandsupplies
Assumptions
•Thestudenthasnopreviousknowledge or experiencein performing anoilandfilterchange.
•Theteacherhas agood understandingofthisprocedureand has previously performedthisoperation.
•Activity Plan15: Lifting Vehicleswillhavebeencompletedprevioustothis Activity Plan.
Terminology
All terminologyrequiredwill be taught if requiredwhenitusedinthistask.
EstimatedTime
30–60minutes(Somestudentsmaytakelongerthan30minutesthefirsttimethey conduct anoilchange.)
RecommendedNumberofStudents
20, based on the BCTechnologyEducators’Best PracticeGuide
Facilities
Ideallyanindoorvehiclehoistwithadequatelightingand a comfortable environment.
This activity could be performed on theground on axle stands,butthisisnotanadvisablesituationforstudentstoseeallaspectsofthedetailsbeingtaught.
Tools
•Oildrainpan
•Oil filterwrench
•Wrenches to remove the oilpan drainplug
•Asocketsetwitha selectionofsockets(mostvehicles manufactured inthepast20yearsusemetricdrainplugs)
•Torquewrench
•Recyclingcontainersforusedoilandfilter
Materials
•Workorder
•Oilchangechecklist
•Access tovehicleinformation for torque values
•Engineoil
•Oil filter
•Papertowel or wipes
Resources
•Vehicleinformationsystem(AllData or Mitchell,vehicleservicemanual or Internetaccess)
•Workorder
•Oilchangechecklist
•Clipboardsandpencils
Activity
Oil hasbeen described asthelifebloodoftheengineandassuchshould be changedoften.Oil—alongwiththeadditivesplacedinit—performsfivebasicfunctions:
1.Lubricates
2.Cleans
3.Cools
4.Seals
5.Cushions
Eventually theadditivesbreakdownandwearout.Eachvehiclemanufacturerhasitsownrecommendationsonwhentochangetheoil,butageneralguidelineisevery5000kmor3timesperyear.
ActivityPlan15:Lifting Vehicles willhavebeencompleted previous tothisActivity Plan.
•If the vehicle israised ona hoistfor work,studentsshouldhave knowledgeandexperiencerelatedtothesafeoperationof a hoist.
•Ifthis activity isbeing performed atgroundlevel, prior toitsbeingcompletedstudentsshould have knowledge and experienceofraising a vehicleandsafelyputting it onaxlestands.
1.Havestudentsfind specifications forthetorquevalueoftheenginedrainplugandcompletethechecklistinformation.Ifanyadditionaloils or materialsarerequired,theymust beidentifiedandavailablebeforetheserviceisstarted.
2.Ensuretheoiltemperatureisat a safelevelto be drainedwithout risk ofinjury.Hotoil cancauseseriousburns if it comes into contact withbareskin.Properprotectiveclothingandsafetyglassesshould be worn from thispoint forward.
3.Provide a drainpanlargeenoughtoacceptmoreoilthanthevehicleengineholds.
4.Demonstratetheproperbodypositionforremovingtheengineoildrainplugtoavoidgettingsplashedwithusedoil.
Figure1—Drainingoil
5.Ifthedrainpanisbeingsupported on a stand,ensureitisnever left unattended.Also,ensureitneverfallsover or overflows.The risk ofanenvironmental hazard ispossibleandthecleanupeffortisnotworththe risk ofleavingitunattended.
6.Thedrainplugshould be cleanedofftoremoveanyresidualdirtand a newseal/gasketshould be installed.
Figure2—Drainplugseal
7.When the drain plug is installed, it should be tightened to the correct torque value accordingtothevehiclemanufacturer’s specification—no exceptions!
Figure3—Use a torquewrench totighten theoil drainplug.
8.Theengineoilfiltershouldnow be removedeitherbyhand.Ifitistootight,theuseofthefilterwrench can now be demonstrated.
Figure4—Removeoilfilter
9.The bottom ofthefilterbaseshould be cleanedwith a cloth and a visualinspectionshouldbe donetoensurethe old oilfiltersealhasbeenremovedwiththe old filter.Ifnot, look forthesealbeingstuck on theenginewherethefiltergoes.The old sealmust be removed. Anewoilfilteralways comes with a newseal.Ifthe old sealhasnotbeenremoved,andthenewoilfilterandsealareinstalled,thetwosealswill contact eachother,largeamountsofoilwillleakoutbetweenthemunderhighpressureandtheenginewill be damagedwithinminutes.
Figure5—Make surethe oldoil filterseal isremoved withthe filter.
10.Lightlylubricatethenewseal on thenewoilfilterbasewithengineoilandinstallittotheengine.
Figure6—Lubricate thenewoilfilterseal
11.Explain tothestudentsthatanemptyoilfiltertakestimetorefill.Duringthisrefill period theengineisrunningwithoutoilpressure.Youwillnoticethiswhenyoufirststarttheengine.Theengineoillight or oilpressuregaugetakesabout10 seconds beforeitturnsoff orregisterspressure.Thislight or gaugewillneedto be checkedwhen starting theengine.
12.Thefiltermustnot be over-tightened—donotturnmorethan ¾ to 1 turn after thesealcontacts theoilfilterbase.Normally,thefiltershould be astightas can be turnedwithonehandbyanadult.
13.At thispoint the teachermay choose todiscusswhere andhow toproperlydispose of oilandoilfilters.
Figure7—Oildisposal
14.Filltheenginetothe correct levelwithoilaccordingtotheenginespecifications.
Figure8—Fillengineoil
15.Starttheengineandcountto10whilewatchingtheengineoillight or oilpressuregauge.Thelightshouldturnoff or thegaugeshouldregisterpressurebythetimethe10countisdone.
Figure9—Oillightindicator
16.If the engineoil light does not goout after10 seconds, turn off the engineimmediatelyanddeterminetheproblem:
a.Wasoilinstalled?
b.Was thedrain plugreplaced?
c.Wastheoilfilterinstalled correctly?
d.Wastheoilfiltersealremoved?
17.Runtheengineforabout 5 minutes.Ifthevehicleis run inanenclosedspacewithout goodventilation,itshouldpreferably be connectedto a properexhaustextractionsystem.
18.Waitapproximately 5 minutes after theenginehasbeenturnedoffforalltheoiltoreturntotheoilpan.Re-checktheoillevelandaddmore if required. Do notoverfillpastthefull markonthedipstick—ifthisoccurs,someoilmustbedrainedto avoidoilbeingforcedoutofthesealsintheengine.The spacebetweenthe “add”and“full” marks on a dipstickusuallyrepresentsabout 1 litreofoil.
Figure10—Check oil level using theoil dipstick
EvaluationGuidelines
Thefollowingcomponentsofthe activity can be assessed:
•Completion,legibilityandaccuracyof work orderandoilchangechecklist
•Practical evaluation oftheoilchangeprocedure
•Shop conditionwhenfinished(toolsputaway,oilwipedup,etc.)
•Vehiclecondition(fingerprintmarks,oilstains on thebodywork,etc.)
•Question/answersession on oilrecyclingandfilterdisposal
OilChangeChecklist
(Thissheetmustbecompletedbeforestartingservicework)
CustomerNameDate
Vehicle:YearMakeModel
OdometerReadingLicenceNumber
EngineSizeFuelTypeTransmissionType
VIN
Initialasdone
1.Oilfilternumberandmanufacturer
2.Oilcapacityincludingfilter
3.Recommendedtypeandviscosity
4.Drainplugtorque
5.Transmissionfluidtype
6.Rearaxle/diffoiltype
7.Transfercaseoiltype
8.LugnuttorquespecificationsFt/lbsNm
9.Tirepressures
Front
Rear
Spare
ServiceTechnician’sName(s)Workorder#