1. Protists and Bacteria Are Grouped Into Different Domains Because

1. Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because

1. protists eat bacteria.
2. bacteria are not made of cells.
3. bacterial cells lack a nucleus.
4. bacteria decompose protists.
5. protists are photosynthetic.

2. Which of the following best describes the logic of hypothesis-based science?

1. If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it.
2. I can assume my prediction is correct, and it will lead to a theory.
3. Previous data or experience is not needed—my hypothesis is simply a guess.
4. If my educated guess is correct, I can expect certain test results.
5. If my hypothesis is well thought-out, my experiments will support it.

3. Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?

1. Theories are hypotheses that have been proved.
2. Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers.
3. Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power.
4. Hypotheses and theories are essentially the same thing.
5. Theories are proved true in all cases; hypotheses are usually falsified by tests.

4. What are the two main types of cells?

1. bacteria and archaea
2. plant and animal
3. bacteria and protists
4. prokaryotes and eukaryotes
5. bacteria and eukaryotes

5. Actinosphenia elegans is a unicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryotic organism. To which domain does it belong?

1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya
4. Plantae
5. Fungi

6. Science is ____.

1. Testable and falsifiable
2. An active and dynamic process
3. Objective and measurable
4. Reproducible
5. All of the above

7. Systematics is ___.

1. A hierarchical classification of organisms.
2. A classification that reflects historical relationships.
3. A division of organisms based on similar sets of characteristics
4. a and b
5. All of the above

8. Prokaryotes are ___.

1. Earth’s last inhabitants
2. Important to life on Earth
3. Completely understood
4. Dependent on the metabolic activity of eukaryotes
5. Multicellular

9. Gram-negative bacteria have _____ lipopolysaccharide than gram-positive cells, and they are _____ to kill with antibiotics.

1. More…harder
2. Less…harder
3. More…easier
4. Less…easier

10. Prokaryotes have great reproduction and adaptation potential. This is because

1. Binary fission is a slow reproduction process
2. They can horizontally transfer genes from one to another
3. Have no mechanisms of resistance to unfavorable environments
4. All of the above

11. Plasmids _____.

1. Often contain antibiotic resistance genes.
2. Are transferred from one bacterium to another.
3. Allow bacteria to survive adverse conditions.
4. All of the above.

12. The origin of organelles for eukaryotes was proposed by the

1. Horizontal gene transfer
2. Endosymbiont theory
3. Plasmid theory
4. Emily’s theory!

13. Internal membranes in eukaryotes were said to have developed

1. From infoldings of the ancestral prokaryotic plasma membrane
2. From the cytoskeleton of bacteria
3. From internal parasites
4. From seeds

14. If a diploid cell produces more diploid cells, it has undergone _____. If a diploid cell produces haploid cells, it has undergone _____.

1. Mitosis, meiosis
2. Mitosis, mitosis
3. Meiosis, mitosis
4. Meiosis, meiosis

15. The members of _____ are characterized by cells with small membrane-bounded cavities under their cell membranes.

1. Stramenopila
2. Chlorophyta
3. Alveolata
4. Amoebozoa
5. Rhodophyta

16. Which of these groups is characterized by glasslike walls containing silica?

1. plants
2. diatoms
3. plasmodial slime molds
4. euglenids
5. green algae

17. All of the organisms classified as _____ move and feed using cilia.

1. euglenids
2. apicomplexans
3. diatoms
4. ciliates
5. dinoflagellates

18. Which algal group has chloroplasts much like those of green plants in structure and pigment makeup?

1. golden algae
2. chlorophytes
3. diatoms
4. red algae
5. brown algae

19. Which of these groups includes parasitic unicellular organisms with a complex of organelles specialized for penetrating host cells and tissues?

1. diatoms
2. dinoflagellates
3. euglenoids
4. ciliates
5. apicomplexans

20. Agar is a complex carbohydrate used in gelatin capsules and also in cooking. It is derived from cell walls of _____.

1. green algae
2. ciliates
3. euglenozoans
4. red algae
5. diatoms

21. The disease Sleeping sickness is caused by _____ and it is transmitted by the _____ vector.

1. Trypanosoma, kissing bug
2. Trypanosoma, mosquito
3. Trypanosoma, tsetse fly
4. Plasmodium, tsetse fly
5. Plasmodium, mosquito

22. Oomycetes

1. Are a type of fungus
2. Caused the potato late blight in Ireland during the 19th century
3. Have no flagella
4. Are part of the clade Alveolata

23. Which of the following characteristics of plants is absent in their closest relatives, the charophycean algae?

1. chlorophyll b
2. cellulose in cell walls
3. alternation of multicellular generations
4. photosynthetic properties
5. rose-shaped complexes that synthesize cell wall

24. Why did plants move to the terrestrial environment?

1. Fewer predators on land
2. More competition with other plants on land
3. Less pathogens on land
4. a and c only
5. all of the above

25. Plants undergo alternation of generations in which _____.

a. the sporophyte generation alternates with the gametophyte generation

b. the vascular generation alternates with the nonvascular generation

c. male plants alternate with female plants

d. antheridia alternate with archegonia

e. all of these occur

26. In moss, _____ produce sperm.

a. sporangia

b. antheridia

c. embryos

d. archegonia

e. protonemata

27. The sperm produced by mosses require _____ to reach the female gametophyte.

a. wind

b. light

c. moisture

d. the development of a flower

e. animals

28. In the moss life cycle _____ cells within a sporangium undergo _____ to produce _____ spores.

a. diploid ... meiosis ... haploid

b. haploid ... mitosis ... haploid

c. diploid ... mitosis ... diploid

d. diploid ... mitosis ... haploid

e. haploid ... meiosis ... haploid

29. In mosses, haploid _____ directly produce protonemata that produce buds that grow into gametophores.

a. archegonia

b. antheridia

c. spores

d. gametophores

30. The _____ in the archegonium grows into a _____.

1. Zygote, gametophyte
2. Spore, gametophyte
3. Zygote, sporophyte
4. Spore, sporophyte

31. Which example below is not a clade of vascular plants?

1. lycophytes
2. pterophytes
3. seed plants
4. bryophytes
5. All of the above are clades of vascular plants.

32. Branching, a trait of early vascular plants, was seen in _____ that were not dependent on _____.

1. Gametophytes, the mother plant
2. Sporophytes, the mother plant
3. Gametophytes, sporophytes
4. Sporophytes, gametophytes

33. Which of the following is a land plant that produces flagellated sperm and has a sporophyte-dominant life cycle?

1. fern
2. moss
3. liverwort
4. charophycean
5. hornwort

34. Vascular tissues of plants include _____.

1. xylem for conducting water and minerals, and phloem for conducting dissolved organic molecules
2. xylem for conducting organic molecules, and phloem for conducting water and minerals
3. lignin for conducting organic molecules, and phloem for conducting sugars
4. phloem for conducting water and minerals, and lignin for conducting organic molecules
5. cuticles for conducting water, and phloem for conducting organic molecules

35. The "dots" on the underside of a fern frond are spore cases; therefore, what is true of the plant to which the frond belongs?

1. It is a spore.
2. It is a gamete.
3. It is a sporophyte.
4. It is a gametophyte.
5. It is a spermatophyte.

36. Where would you find a fern gametophyte?

1. on the underside of the leaf (frond)
2. on moist soil
3. inside a dissected seed

37. To examine meiosis in ferns, you would study _____.

1. the antheridia
2. the archegonia
3. the sporangia
4. both the antheridia and the archegonia
5. both the archegonia and the sporangia

38. Microsporangia produce microspores, which produce _____ that produce _____.

1. Female gametophyte, eggs
2. Female gametophyte, sperm
3. Male gametophyte, eggs
4. Male gametophyte, sperm

39. In heterosporous seed plants

1. Gametophytes are bisexual
2. One type of sporophyll produces one type of spore
3. Two types of sporophyll that produce two types of spores

40. An ovule consists of

1. Megasporangium
2. Megaspore
3. Integuments
4. All of the above

41. In _____ cones, megasporangia produce megaspore mother cells that are _____, which undergo _____ to produce haploid megaspores.

1. Ovulate, diploid, meiosis
2. Ovulate, haploid, mitosis
3. Pollen, dipoid, meiosis
4. Pollen, haploid, mitosis

42. In the pine, microsporangia form _____ microspores by _____.

1. triploid ... fertilization
2. diploid ... mitosis
3. diploid ... meiosis
4. haploid ... mitosis
5. haploid ... meiosis

43. The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____.

1. produces spores
2. is called the gametophyte
3. is larger and more conspicuous than the haploid stage
4. develops from a spore
5. produces eggs and sperm

44. The eggs of seed plants are fertilized within ovules, and the ovules then develop into _____.

1. seeds
2. spores
3. gametophytes

45. Seeds have advantages over spores. For example, _____.

1. seeds contain embryonic plants, an abundant food supply, and a protective covering
2. seeds can survive for extended periods of time at reduced metabolic rates
3. seeds are single cells, demanding fewer nutrients from the parent plants
4. seeds can survive even in conditions that are unfavorable for the parent plants

Answers:

1. c
2. d
3. c
4. d
5. c
6. e
7. d
8. b
9. a
10. b
11. d
12. b
13. a
14. a
15. c
16. b
17. d
18. b
19. e
20. d
21. c
22. b
23. c
24. d
25. a
26. b
27. c
28. a
29. c
30. c
31. d
32. d
33. a
34. a
35. c
36. b
37. c
38. d
39. c
40. d
41. a
42. e
43. a
44. a
45. a