Name: Key
Benchmark Review
1)What geographic feature were the four main ancient civilizations located near?
Rivers
2)What separates pre-history from history?
Pre-history is before writing, history is after
3)What are two main things all civilizations have in common? (Hint: You’re looking at one.)
Writing, government, farming
4)Why was the first farmer probably a woman?
Women gathered food
5)What is Sumerian writing called?
Cuneiform
6)What kind of religion did most people practice in ancient times?
Polytheism
7)What is Egyptian writing known as?
Hieroglyphics
8)What does it look like?
Pictures
9)How were Egyptian pharaohs and Roman emperors similar to one another? (Two things.)
Both gods and kings
10)What were the pharaohs’ tombs called?
Pyramids
11)What river is located near Egypt?
Nile
12)What was the “gift of the Nile”?
Annual flooding leaving behind silt and nutrient-rich soil
13)What was the purpose of Hammurabi’s Code?
Have a well-known set of laws
14)Who did Hammurabi’s Code apply to?
Everyone in Babylon
15)Why was Hammurabi’s Code unfair by today’s standards?
It issued harsher punishments for poor people, lighter punishments for the rich; also extremely harsh
16)What made the Hebrews’ religion different from other ancient religions?
Monotheistic
17)What is polytheism?
Belief in multiple gods/goddesses
18)What were the set of rules the Hebrews followed?
Ten Commandments
19)Who was given the Ten Commandments?
Moses
20)What was special about Zoroastrianism? (Hint: A choice.)
Made religion a choice between good and evil
21)Where was the Sanskrit language used?
India
22)Who made the alphabet that we now use today?
Phoenicians
23)What job were the Phoenicians known for?
Sea traders/merchants
24)What group of people restarted Indian civilization after the fall of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro?
Indo-Aryans
25)What books did they bring with them?
Vedas
26)What is important about India’s Gupta Empire?
Classical India’s Golden Age
27)What are the two main rivers located in India?
Indus and Ganges
28)What is a Golden Age?
When culture (art, writing, poetry, etc.) is at a high point
29)What are the two major religions that developed in India?
Hinduism and Buddhism
30)What is Asoka remembered for doing?
Converting to Buddhism
31)How did Hinduism start?
Brahmins (priests) interpreted Vedic writings
32)What is the name of the holy books of Hinduism?
Vedas
33)Who are the Untouchables?
The lowest caste; people who are poor, homeless, diseased, handicapped, etc.
34)What is the name of the Hinduism class system?
Caste system
35)Who was the founder of Buddhism?
Siddhartha Gautama
36)What are the two sets of rules Buddhists try to follow?
Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path
37)Who do Buddhists worship?
No one; it is an atheistic religion
38)What river did ancient Chinese civilizations settle near?
Huang He or Yellow
39)What philosophy did the Zhou Dynasty use to rule?
Mandate of Heaven
40)What is the Mandate of Heaven?
Gods choose who will rule
41)How did the Qin Dynasty come to power?
United China, took over after the Zhou
42)What philosophy did the Qin Dynasty use to rule?
Legalism- very harsh
43)What was one accomplishment of the Qin Dynasty?
Built Great Wall of China, built roads, unified language, unified currency
44)What were some of the teachings of Confucius?
Proper relationships
45)What dynasty used Confucius’ teachings to govern?
Han civil service exams
46)What is a patriarchal society?
Ruled by men
47)In addition to China, where else did Confucianism become popular?
Japan, Cambodia, Vietnam
48)What was the purpose of the Greek Polis?
Protect farmers
49)What was the difference between Sparta and Athens?
Sparta- military based, Athens- democracy; refer to Greece foldable for further information
50)Which city-state treated women better?
Sparta
51)Why did that city-state treat women better?
They had babies (future warriors)
52)What was the name of the war between Sparta and Athens?
Peloponnesian War
53)How did the Roman Republic start?
The last Etruscan monarch was overthrown by the aristocrats
54)What was Spartacus?
Large Roman slave revolt
55)What is a republic?
Government where people elect politicians to make laws on their behalf
56)What type of democracy does the U.S. have today- direct or indirect?
Indirect (a Republic- “…and to the Republic for which it stands…”)
57)Who were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle?
Greek philosophers
58)What was Alexander the Great’s biggest accomplishment?
Spreading Greek culture
59)Where did he spread Greek culture to?
The known world
60)What do we also call Greek culture?
Hellenism
61)What is the Greek word for city-state?
Polis
62)What type of religion did the classical Greeks practice?
Polytheism
63)What was the law code used in Rome called?
Twelve Tables
64)Who had to follow the rules of the Twelve Tables?
Everyone
65)What is important about Constantine?
Roman Emperor who converted to Christianity
66)Who helped spread Christianity?
Paul (and Constantine)
67)What religion did Jesus practice?
Judaism
68)What does religious tolerance mean?
Accepting of others’ beliefs, ex: not killing them for practicing another religion
69)What are some of the reasons for the collapse of the Roman Empire?
Poor leaders, diseases & natural disasters, bad economy, invasions, expensive government programs, grew too big too quickly
70)What religion replaced the Roman gods and goddesses?
Christianity
71)Whose death marks the end of the Roman Republic?
Julius Caesar
72)Who was the first Roman Emperor?
Augustus Caesar
73)What does PaxRomana mean?
Roman Peace
74)What was a popular sporting event in classical Rome?
Gladiators, chariot racing
75)What is different about America’s government and Greek or Roman government?
Women can vote