Supplementary Table 1 | Natural history studies of MS: general characteristicsa
First authors / Location / Study period / Study type / G / # Patients / %Lost / Age onset (y) / MS
duration (y) / F:M ratio / % RRMS / % SPMS / % PPMS / Diagnostic criteria / F/U
Kurtzke1,2 / US veterans / 1942–1963 / R;L / – / 527 / 5.6 / 25.2 / – / NA / – / – / Schumacher, D3 Allison & Millar, EP84 / 15
Kurtzke/Nagler/
Beebe5–8 / US veterans / 1942–1962 / R;L / – / 527 / 5.6 / 25.2 / – / NA / – / – / Schumacher, DP / –
Wallin/Kurtzke9,10 / US veterans / 1956–1996 / L / – / 5305 / – / 27.0 / – / NA / – / – / Schumacher, D / 40
Brønnum-Hansen11 / Denmark / 1948–1986 / Pr;L / + / 6727 / 0.4 / – / – / 1.3 / – / – / MacAlpine, DPP12 / –
Brønnum-Hansen13 / Denmark / 1948–2000 / Pr;L / + / 9881 / – / 34.3 / – / 1.5 / – / – / MacAlpine, DPP / –
Alter/Leibowitz14–17 / Israel / 1955–1959 / Pr;R / + / 282 / 5.7 / 32.6 / 11.5 / 1.1 / 63 / 37 / Alter, DPP / NA
Leibowitz/Kahana18–20 / Israel / 1960–1967 / Pr;L / + / 266 / 0 / 32.6 / 18.5 / 1.1 / 63 / 37 / Alter, DPP / 7
Svenningsson/
Runmarker21,22 / Gothenburg, Sweden / 1950–1988 / I;L / + / 255 / 1.6 / 32.5 / 15, 25 / 1.6 / 85.9 / 14.1 / Poser, DP23 / 15, 25
Eriksson/Broman24,25 / Gothenburg, Sweden / 1950–1988 / I;L / + / 212 / 0 / – / 25 / 2.4–1.4 / 100 / 0 / Poser, DP / 25
Riise26 / Hordaland/Vestfold, Norway / 1953–1983 / Pr;L / + / 598 / – / 32.7 / – / 2.1 / 78.9 / 21.1 / MacAlpine, DPP / 3
Myhr27 / Hordaland, Norway / 1976–1987 / Pr;L / + / 220 / – / 32.5 / 14.4 / 1.7 / 81.4 / 18.6 / Poser, DP / 8
Midgard28 / More/Romsdal, Norway / 1950–1984 / Pr;L / + / 251 / – / 33.6 / – / – / – / – / – / MacAlpine, DPP / 7
Gudmundsson29 / Iceland / 1957–1969 / Pr;L / + / 94 / – / 25.3 / 13.9 / 1.8 / 86.5 / 13.5 / Schumacher DP / –
Benedikz30 / Iceland / 1950–1999 / Pr;P / + / 373 / – / – / ~17.2 / 1.9 / 75 / 25 / Poser / 50
Confavreux31 / Lyon, France / 1957–1976 / H;C;L / + / 349 / – / 31.3 / ~9.3 / 1.5 / 58 / 24 / 18 / MacAlpine, DPP / 9
Vukusic32–37 / Lyon, France / 1957–1997 / C;L / + / 1844 / – / 31 / 11 / 1.8 / 58 / 27 / 15 / Poser, DP
PPMS: Schumacher / –
Minderhoud38 / Groningen, The Netherlands / 1962–1987 / Pr;L / + / 342 / – / – / >25 / 1.5 / 31 / 31.6 / 37.4 / Poser, DP / –
Ramsaransing39 / Groningen, The Netherlands / 1985– / C;L / + / 496 / – / 33.5 / >10 / 2.15 / 72.4 / 27.6 / Poser, DP / 10
Sumelahti40 / Southwest Finland / 1964–1993 / Pr;L / + / 1614 / – / 31.5 / >25 / 1.9 / 67 / 21 / Poser, D / –
Miller41 / Wellington, New Zealand / 1968–1983 / Pr;L / + / 209 / 8 / 32.2 / 14.8 / 2.5 / 64.6 / 30.1 / 5.3 / McDonald, DP42 / NA
Poser/Bauer43,44 / South Lower Saxony, Germany / 1961–1977 / Pr;P / + / 221 / – / 30 / 12.1 / 1.9 / 59.3 / 28.1 / 12.7 / Bauer, DP / 16
Poser45 / Germany / 1972–1985 / H,C;P / + / 2303 / 2 / – / – / 2.2 / 37.6 / 44.1 / 18.2 / Bauer, DP / 4.9
Lauer46 / Southern Hesse, Germany / 1980 / Pr;R / + / 363 / – / 46 / 15.6 / 2.0 / 44.6 / 37.5 / 17.9 / – / NA
Clark/Detels47,48 / Los Angeles County, USA / 1970–1979 / Pr;L / + / 886 / 11.4 / 33.4 / – / – / – / – / – / Schumacher DPb / 9
Visscher49 / Los Angeles County, USA / 1970–1980 / Pr;L / + / 941 / – / 33 / – / 2.4 / – / – / – / Schumacher DPb / 10
Shepherd50 / Northeast Scotland, UK / 1970 / Pr / + / 557 / – / 34.2 / 14.4 / 1.6 / 73.2 / 26.8 / Alter & Broman DPP / NA
Phadke51 / Northeast Scotland, UK / 1970–1981 / Pr;L / + / 1055 / – / 30-39 / 24.9 / 1.9 / 89 / 9 / Allison & Millar PEP / 11
Phadke51 / Northeast Scotland, UK / 1970–1981 / Pr;L / + / 672 / – / - / >10y duration only / 1.8 / 88.8 / 9.0 / Allison & Millar PEP / 11
Weinshenker (TP)52,53 / Ontario, Canada / 1972–1984 / C;L / + / 1099 / – / 30.5 / 11.9 / 1.9 / 65.8 / 18.7 / Poser, DPP / –
Kremenchutzky (TP)54 / Ontario, Canada / 1972–1997 / C;L / + / 1044 / 5.0 / 30.5 / 25 / – / 21.9 / 51.5 / 20.8 / Poser, DPP
PPMS: Ebers, DP / >13
Cottrell/Ebers (TP)55–57 / Ontario, Canada / 1972–1996 / C;L / + / 216 / 5.6 / 38.5 / 23.7 / 1.3 / 0 / 0 / 100 / PPMS: Ebers, DP / >12
Weinshenker (MC)52 / Middlesex County, Canada / 1972–1984 / Pr;L / + / 196 / – / 28.0 / 13.0 / 2.1 / 70.4 / 11.7 / Poser, DPP / –
Cottrell/Ebers (MC)55–57 / Middlesex County, Canada / 1972–1996 / Pr;L / + / 32 / – / 38.2 / 25.8 / – / 0 / 0 / 100 / PPMS: Ebers, DP / >12
Weinshenker (SO)52,58 / Ontario, Canada / 1972–1984 / C;O;P / + / 197 / – / 29.9 / 4.2 / 2.2 / 84.7 / 7.7 / Poser, DPP / 4.2
Cottrell (SS)56 / Ontario, Canada / 1991–1996 / C;P / + / 165 / – / ~38.5 / – / 1.3 / 0 / 0 / 100 / PPMS: Ebers, DP / >4
Kremenchutzky (TP)59 / Ontario, Canada / 1972–1997 / C;L / + / 770 / 1.4 / ~39 / 26.6 / 1.6 / 0 / 71.6c / 28.4 / Lublin, DP
PPMS: Ebers, DP / 25
Leray60 / Rennes, France / 1976–2004 / C;P / + / 1879 / 1.4 / 32.1 / 12.7 / 2.3 / 77.4 / 22.6 / Poser, D / 12.7
Tremlett/Sayao61,62 / British Columbia, Canada / 1988–2003 / C;L / + / 2837 / – / 30.6 / 17.2 / 1.1 / 87.6 / 12.4 / Poser, D / ~20
McDonnell63 / Northeast Northern Ireland, UK / 1978–1996 / Pr:L / + / 254 / – / 31.6 / 18.4 / 2.3 / 47.9 / 39.6 / 12.5 / Poser, DP / –
McDonnell64 / Northern Ireland, UK / 1982–1996 / Pr;L / + / 111 / – / 39.5 / 13.6 / 1.3 / 0 / 0 / 100 / Lublin, DP / –
Hawkins65 / Northeast Northern Ireland, UK / 1978–1996 / Pr;L / + / 181 / – / 30.1 / 23; >10y duration only / 2.4 / 92.3 / 7.7 / Poser, DP / –
Amato66 / Florence, Italy / 1983–1996 / H;L / + / 224 / 4.9 / 29.7 / ~10.8 / 1.8 / 84.8 / 15.2 / Poser, DP
PPMS: Schumacher / 9.78
Hammond67,68 / Australia / 1981 / Pr;R / + / 2934 / 2.9 / ~32 / ~12 / 2.4 / 48.9 / 32.5 / 18.2 / Rose DPPd / –
Pekmezovic69,70 / Belgrade, Yugoslavia / 1985–1996 / Pr;R / + / 823 / 3 / 32.2 / >25 / 1.9 / 50.7 / 36.5 / 12.9 / Poser, D / NA
Sundstrom71 / Vasterbotten, Sweden / 1988–2001 / I; L / + / 133 / 7 / 34 (med) / 18 / 1.8 / 84.5 / 18.5 / Poser, DP / 4
Sundstrom72 / Vasterbotten, Sweden / 1997–2001 / Pr;L / + / 399 / 9 / 30 (med) / 16 / 1.9 / 84.3 / 15.3 / Poser, DP / 4
Mahr/Pittock73–75 / Olmsted County, USA / 1991–2001 / Pr;L / + / 162 / 0.6 / 28.5 (med) / 15.4 (med) / 3.0 / 58 / 28 / 14 / Poser D / 10
Rodriguez76 / Olmsted County, USA / 2000 / Pr;R / + / 201 / – / 31.2 (med) / 19.3 (med) / 2.3 / 65 / 29.9 / 5.5 / Poser D / NA
aMean in years unless stated as median (med). bIncluding both supratentorial and subtentorial lesions. cMean age designated from progression; 12.9% of SPMS defined as SAP (single attack followed by progression). dConsidered equivalent to Allison & Millar’s probable, early probable, and possible groups. Abbreviations and key: –, not provided; C, clinic-based; D, clinically definite; DP, clinically definite and probable; DPP, clinically definite; duration, duration of MS since onset; E, early probable; F/U, prospective follow-up period; G, geographically-based; H, hospitalized, I, incidence; L, longitudinal; lost, subjects removed from the study due to any reason other than not having MS; MC, Middlesex County; MS, multiple sclerosis; NA, not applicable; O, seen from onset; P, prospective; Pr, prevalence; R, retrospective; PPMS, probable and possible MS; TP, total population; TP rev, total population revised; SO, seen from onset; SS, second series.
1.Kurtzke JF, Beebe GW, Nagler B, Kurland LT, Auth TL. Studies on the natural history of multiple sclerosis--8. Early prognostic features of the later course of the illness. J Chronic Dis 1977;30(12):819-30.
2.Kurtzke JF, Beebe GW, Norman JE, Jr. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in U.S. veterans: 1. Race, sex, and geographic distribution. Neurology 1979;29(9 Pt 1):1228-35.
3.Schumacher GA BG, Kibler RF, Kurland LT, Kurtzke JF, McDowell F, et al. Problems of experimental trial of therapy in multiple sclerosis: report by the panel on the evaluation of experimental trials of therapy in multiple sclerosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1965(122):522-68.
4.Allison RS, Millar JH. Prevalence of disseminated sclerosis in Northern Ireland. Ulster Med J 1954;23(Suppl. 2):1-27.
5.Kurtzke JF, Beebe GW, Nagler B, Nefzger MD, Auth TL, Kurland LT. Studies on the natural history of multiple sclerosis. V. Long-term survival in young men. Arch Neurol 1970;22(3):215-25.
6.Nagler B, Beebe GW, Kurtzke JF, Kurland LT, Auth TL, Nefzger MD. Studies on the natural history of multiple sclerosis. 1. Design and diagnosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1966;42:Suppl 19:141+.
7.Beebe GW, Kurtzke JF, Kurland LT, Auth TL, Nagler B. Studies on the natural history of multiple sclerosis. 3. Epidemiologic analysis of the army experience in World War II. Neurology 1967;17(1):1-17.
8.Kurtzke JF, Beebe GW, Nagler B, Auth TL, Kurland LT, Nefzger MD. Studies on the natural history of multiple sclerosis. 6. Clinical and laboratory findings at first diagnosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1972;48(1):19-46.
9.Wallin MT, Page WF, Kurtzke JF. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in US veterans. VIII. Long-term survival after onset of multiple sclerosis. Brain 2000;123 ( Pt 8):1677-87.
10.Kurtzke JF, Page WF. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in US veterans: VII. Risk factors for MS. Neurology 1997;48(1):204-13.
11.Bronnum-Hansen H, Koch-Henriksen N, Hyllested K. Survival of patients with multiple sclerosis in Denmark: a nationwide, long-term epidemiologic survey. Neurology 1994;44(10):1901-7.
12.MacAlpine D. The benign form of multiple sclerosis. Brain 1961;84:186-203.
13.Bronnum-Hansen H, Koch-Henriksen N, Stenager E. Trends in survival and cause of death in Danish patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain 2004;127(Pt 4):844-50.
14.Alter M, Halpern L, Kurland LT, Bornstein B, Leibowitz U, Silberstein J. Multiple sclerosis in Israel. Prevalence among immigrants and native inhabitants. Arch Neurol 1962;7:253-63.
15.Alter M, Leibowitz U, Halpern L. Clinical Studies of Multiple Sclerosis in Israel. Ii. a Comparison between European and Afro-Asian Patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1964;27:522-9.
16.Leibowitz U, Alter M, Halpern L. Clinical Studies of Multiple Sclerosis in Israel. 3. Clinical Course and Prognosis Related to Age at Onset. Neurology 1964;14:926-32.
17.Leibowitz U, Halpern L, Alter M. Clinical Studies of Multiple Sclerosis in Israel.I. a Clinical Analysis Based on a Country-Wide Survey. Arch Neurol 1964;10:502-12.
18.Leibowitz U, Kahana E, Alter M. Survival and death in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1969;92(1):115-30.
19.Leibowitz U, Alter M. Clinical factors associated with increased disability in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1970;46(1):53-70.
20.Kahana E, Leibowitz U, Alter M. Brainstem and cranial nerve involvement in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1973;49(3):269-79.
21.Svenningsson A, Runmarker B, Lycke J, Andersen O. Incidence of MS during two fifteen-year periods in the Gothenburg region of Sweden. Acta Neurol Scand 1990;82(3):161-8.
22.Runmarker B, Andersen O. Prognostic factors in a multiple sclerosis incidence cohort with twenty-five years of follow-up. Brain 1993;116 ( Pt 1):117-34.
23.Poser CM, Paty DW, Scheinberg L, et al. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol 1983;13(3):227-31.
24.Eriksson M, Andersen O, Runmarker B. Long-term follow up of patients with clinically isolated syndromes, relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2003;9(3):260-74.
25.Broman T, Andersen O, Bergmann L. Clinical studies on multiple sclerosis. I. Presentation of an incidence material from Gothenburg. Acta Neurol Scand 1981;63(1):6-33.
26.Riise T, Grønning M, Aarli JA, Nyland H, Larsen JP, Edland A. Prognostic factors for life expectancy in multiple sclerosis analysed by Cox-models. J Clin Epidemiol 1988;41(10):1031-6.
27.Myhr KM, Riise T, Vedeler C, et al. Disability and prognosis in multiple sclerosis: demographic and clinical variables important for the ability to walk and awarding of disability pension. Mult Scler 2001;7(1):59-65.
28.Midgard R, Albrektsen G, Riise T, Kvale G, Nyland H. Prognostic factors for survival in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal, population based study in More and Romsdal, Norway. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;58(4):417-21.
29.Gudmundsson KR. Clinical studies of multiple sclerosis in Iceland. A follow-up of previous survey and reappraisal. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1971;48:1-78.
30.Benedikz J, Stefansson M, Guomundsson J, et al. The natural history of untreated multiple sclerosis in Iceland. A total population-based 50 year prospective study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2002;104(3):208-10.
31.Confavreux C, Aimard G, Devic M. Course and prognosis of multiple sclerosis assessed by the computerized data processing of 349 patients. Brain 1980;103(2):281-300.
32.Vukusic S, Confavreux C. Prognostic factors for progression of disability in the secondary progressive phase of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2003;206(2):135-7.
33.Vukusic S, Confavreux C. Primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2003;206(2):153-5.
34.Confavreux C, Vukusic S, Adeleine P. Early clinical predictors and progression of irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis: an amnesic process. Brain 2003;126(Pt 4):770-82.
35.Confavreux C, Vukusic S. Age at disability milestones in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2006;129(Pt 3):595-605.
36.Confavreux C, Vukusic S. Natural history of multiple sclerosis: a unifying concept. Brain 2006;129(Pt 3):606-16.
37.Confavreux C, Vukusic S, Moreau T, Adeleine P. Relapses and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2000;343(20):1430-8.
38.Minderhoud JM vdJJ, and Prange AJA. Course and prognosis of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1988;78:10-5.
39. Ramsaransing GS, De Keyser J. Predictive value of clinical characteristics for 'benign' multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2007;14(8):885-9.
40.Sumelahti ML, Tienari PJ, Wikstrom J, Salminen TM, Hakama M. Survival of multiple sclerosis in Finland between 1964 and 1993. Mult Scler 2002;8(4):350-5.
41.Miller DH, Hornabrook RW, Purdie G. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a regional study with some longitudinal data. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55(5):341-6.
42.McDonald WI, Halliday AM. Diagnosis and classification of multiple sclerosis. Br Med Bull 1977;33(1):4-9.
43.Poser S, Bauer HJ, Poser W. Prognosis of multiple sclerosis. Results from an epidemiological area in Germany. Acta Neurol Scand 1982;65(4):347-54.
44.Bauer HJ PS, Ritter G. Progress in multiple sclerosis research.: Berlin:Springer; 1980.
45.Poser S, Poser W, Schlaf G, et al. Prognostic indicators in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1986;74(5):387-92.
46.Lauer K, Firnhaber W. Epidemiological investigations into multiple sclerosis in Southern Hesse. V. Course and prognosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1987;76(1):12-7.
47.Clark VA, Detels R, Visscher BR, Valdiviezo NL, Malmgren RM, Dudley JP. Factors associated with a malignant or benign course of multiple sclerosis. Jama 1982;248(7):856-60.
48.Detels R, Clark VA, Valdiviezo NL, Visscher BR, Malmgren RM, Dudley JP. Factors associated with a rapid course of multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1982;39(6):337-41.
49.Visscher BR, Liu KS, Clark VA, Detels R, Malmgren RM, Dudley JP. Onset symptoms as predictors of mortality and disability in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70(5):321-8.
50.Shepherd DI. Clinical features of multiple sclerosis in north-east Scotland. Acta Neurol Scand 1979;60(4):218-30.
51.Phadke JG. Clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis in north-east Scotland with particular reference to its course and prognosis. Brain 1990;113 ( Pt 6):1597-628.
52.Weinshenker BG, Bass B, Rice GP, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. I. Clinical course and disability. Brain 1989;112 ( Pt 1):133-46.
53.Weinshenker BG, Bass B, Rice GP, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 2. Predictive value of the early clinical course. Brain 1989;112 ( Pt 6):1419-28.
54.Kremenchutzky M, Cottrell D, Rice G, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 7. Progressive-relapsing and relapsing-progressive multiple sclerosis: a re-evaluation. Brain 1999;122 ( Pt 10):1941-50.
55.Cottrell DA, Kremenchutzky M, Rice GP, Hader W, Baskerville J, Ebers GC. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 6. Applications to planning and interpretation of clinical therapeutic trials in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 1999;122 ( Pt 4):641-7.
56.Cottrell DA, Kremenchutzky M, Rice GP, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 5. The clinical features and natural history of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 1999;122 ( Pt 4):625-39.
57.Ebers GC. Natural history of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2004;10 Suppl 1:S8-13; discussion S-5.
58.Weinshenker BG, Rice GP, Noseworthy JH, Carriere W, Baskerville J, Ebers GC. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 3. Multivariate analysis of predictive factors and models of outcome. Brain 1991;114 ( Pt 2):1045-56.
59.Kremenchutzky M, Rice GP, Baskerville J, Wingerchuk DM, Ebers GC. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study 9: observations on the progressive phase of the disease. Brain 2006;129(Pt 3):584-94.
60.Leray E, Morrissey SP, Yaouanq J et al. Long-term survival of patients with multiple sclerosis in West France. Multiple Sclerosis 2007;13:865-874.
61.Tremlett H, Paty D, Devonshire V. The natural history of primary progressive MS in British Columbia, Canada. Neurology 2005;65(12):1919-23.
62.Tremlett H, Paty D, Devonshire V. Disability progression in multiple sclerosis is slower than previously reported. Neurology 2006;66(2):172-7.
63.McDonnell GV, Hawkins SA. An epidemiologic study of multiple sclerosis in Northern Ireland. Neurology 1998;50(2):423-8.
64.McDonnell GV, Hawkins SA. Clinical study of primary progressive multiple sclerosis in Northern Ireland, UK. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64(4):451-4.
65.Hawkins SA, McDonnell GV. Benign multiple sclerosis? Clinical course, long term follow up, and assessment of prognostic factors. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;67(2):148-52.
66.Amato MP, Ponziani G, Bartolozzi ML, Siracusa G. A prospective study on the natural history of multiple sclerosis: clues to the conduct and interpretation of clinical trials. J Neurol Sci 1999;168(2):96-106.
67.Hammond SR, McLeod JG, Macaskill P, English DR. Multiple sclerosis in Australia: prognostic factors. J Clin Neurosci 2000;7(1):16-9.
68.Hammond SR, McLeod JG, Millingen KS, et al. The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in three Australian cities: Perth, Newcastle and Hobart. Brain 1988;111 ( Pt 1):1-25.
69.Pekmezovic T, Jarebinski M, Drulovic J, Stojsavljevic N, Levic Z. Survival of multiple sclerosis patients in the Belgrade population. Neuroepidemiology 2002;21(5):235-40.
70.Pekmezovic T, Jarebinski M, Drulovic J, Stojsavljevic N, Levic Z. Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Acta Neurol Scand 2001;104(6):353-7.
71.Sundstrom P, Nystrom L, Forsgren L. Incidence (1988-97) and prevalence (1997) of multiple sclerosis in Vasterbotten County in northern Sweden. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74(1):29-32.
72.Sundstrom P, Svenningsson A, Nystrom L, Forsgren L. Clinical characteristics of multiple sclerosis in Vasterbotten County in northern Sweden. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75(5):711-6.
73.Mayr WT, Pittock SJ, McClelland RL, Jorgensen NW, Noseworthy JH, Rodriguez M. Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1985-2000. Neurology 2003;61(10):1373-7.
74.Pittock SJ, Mayr WT, McClelland RL, et al. Change in MS-related disability in a population-based cohort: a 10-year follow-up study. Neurology 2004;62(1):51-9.
75.Pittock SJ, Mayr WT, McClelland RL, et al. Disability profile of MS did not change over 10 years in a population-based prevalence cohort. Neurology 2004;62(4):601-6.
76.Rodriguez M, Siva A, Ward J, Stolp-Smith K, O'Brien P, Kurland L. Impairment, disability, and handicap in multiple sclerosis: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Neurology 1994;44(1):28-33.