Relationships Among the Sun, the Moon, and Earth

Name ______

Date ______

Science Chapter 4 (B) Study Guide: KEY

Relationships Among the Sun, the Moon, and Earth

Complete each statement with the correct term from the chapter.

1.Meteoroids made most of the Moon’s ______CRATERS______.

2.Each year, Earth completes one __REVOLUTION______around the Sun.

3.Earth’s __AXIS______is tilted.

4.The Moon casts a shadow on Earth during a ___ECLIPSE______

5.The tilt of Earth’s axis causes one ___HEMISPHERE____ to receive more or less light than the other.

6.Your __SHADOW______is longest in the morning and just before the Sun sets.

7.Earth’s atmosphere causes___METEOROIDS_____ to burn up before they reach Earth’s surface.

8.In each complete orbit around Earth, the Moon cycles through all of its ___PHASES______.

9.The Sun appears to rise and set once every time Earth completes one _ROTATION______.

10.Earth’s orbit is similar to a flattened circle called a(n) _ELLIPSE___.

11. In June the North Pole is tilted in the direction of the _SUN_____.

12. The Moon is called a gibbous moon when it is almost __FULL______.

13.The pull of the Moon’s and Sun’s gravity on Earth causes __TIDES____.

14.Solar and lunar eclipses are similar in what way? _BOTH INVOLVE THE MOON__.

15.Because the days are so hot on the Moon there is very little __WATER_.

Complete the items below.

16) Explain why the Moon has so many craters when Earth has so few.

EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE BURNS UP ALMOST ALL THE METEOROIDS BEFORE THEY REACH THE SURFACE. THE MOON HAS NO ATMOSPHERE TO BURN UP THE METEOROIDS THAT FALL TO ITS SURFACE. MANY OF THE METEOROIDS THAT DO FALL TO EARTH’S SURFACE LAND IN THE OCEANS, THE MOON HAS NO OCEANS. THERE IS LITTLE EVIDENCE OF EARTH’S CRATERS BECAUSE THE WEATHER AND PLANTS HAVE REMOVED OR COVERED THEM.

17) What 3 objects are involved in both a solar and lunar eclipse?

____SUN____,____MOON____,____EARTH____

Describe the similarities and differences between solar and lunar eclipses.

Similarities:_SUN’S LIGHT IS BLOCKED AND A SHADOW IS CAST ON ONE OBJECT BY ANOTHER,

Differences: IN A SOLAR ECLIPSE, THE MOON CASTS A SHADOW ON EARTH. IN A LUNAR ECLIPSE , THE EARTH CASTS A SHADOW ON THE MOON. IT IS ALSO SAFE TO LOOK AT A LUNAR ECLIPSE.

18) What is the apparent path of the Sun across the sky at the equator?

AT THE EQUATOR, THE SUN APPEARS TO MOVE FROM EAST TO WEST ACROSS THE SKY. IT CROSSES HIGH IN THE SKY AND ALL DAYS ARE SIMILAR IN LENGTH.

How does it change near the poles?

AT THE POLES, THE SUN CROSSES HIGHER IN THE SKY DURING THE SUMMER THAN IN THE WINTER. THE SUN IS CLOSER TO THE HORIZON, AND THE DAYS ARE MUCH SHORTER IN THE WINTER.

19) Be able to recognize the Moon phases and order.

New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, waning crescent

20)Based on the information that we have about the phases of the Moon, can tides be predicted and planned for in advance?

YES, THE PHASES OF THE MOON CAN BE TRACKED AND CAN HELP TO PREDICT WEAK AND STRONG TIDES.

Test Date: ______

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