Reading Questions Ch. 9 part 1 pp.166-176 “horrid”
Visuals
1 Opening Quotep.166 -
Who?
Subject?
2 Portrait- p.167 [for X/C—see map on my website ===AND USE TO EXPLAIN HOW EVERY NORTHERN STATE WHICH EMANCIPATES SLAVES BY LAW IMMEDIATELY (1776-1810) OR GRADUALLY (1810-1860) MAKE A LIST AND INCLUDE DETAILS FOR EACH STATE****] {Wikipedia can help }
Name?
Why is she significant?
3 Brown Box p.168 – What does the person object to?
In her opinion what should marriage be considered?
4 Paintingp. 170 - Where are the “Yankee” traders?
What are they trading for?
5 Mapp. 172 - What is the title ?
-Which State has a large claim of land shown in Orange?
The orange area as a whole is called what?
Which States have no western land claims?
What country controls our whole western boundary?
6 Map and Graphicp.174 - Which law is described here?
Income from the sale of section 16 was to be used for?
Which 5 future states (in purple) are made?
7 Map p175 – the caption states that it took 20 years for the USA to gain complete independence in the area West of the App. Mtns…
Name two forts in the North that still are controlled by Britain?
From which three cities do the Sp. harass the USA?
The control of which River causes problems with Spain?
Reading Q’s:
Intro
8 What does the American Revolution not do? (2)
9 Striking changes do occur, however… they affect (2) and ideas (3)?
10 Egalitarian – Define?
The Pursuit of Equality
11 Equality was everywhere… States reduced what?
12 Society of Cincinnati?–
13 The Separation of Church and State…Which Church was completely dis-established?
Where?
The battle was fiercest in which State?
What new law does Thomas Jefferson author, it becomes a model for later actions?
14 What group in which state founds the 1st Anti-Slavery Society in the USA? When?
15 Which group of states either abolishes slavery or gradually emancipates slaves?
16 North and South Free Blacks were still discriminated against….barred from ? (4)
17 What reason does the text give for the United States not ending slavery? (James Madison’s quote…is a clue)
18 Which state allows women to vote until 1807?
19 The idea that the mother would be responsible for the civic virtue of the nation, “special keepers of the nations conscience,” is called what?
20 Due to the above idea…. In what area do opportunities for women expand?
Constitution Making in the States
The Continental Congress in 1776 called upon the Colonies (now States) to draft new constitutions…according to the theory of republicanism and in practicality POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY -the sovereignty [political power] of each State rested with its people.
21 Which State contributes the most noteworthy innovation…called ?
This process was later imitated how?
22 The British Constitution was not what?
The American State Constitutions were unique… they were “contracts” that defined the powers of government and they drew their authority from the people (social contract idea) AND they were Written…representing a fundamental law, superior to laws crafted often by legislatures…
23 Most included a Bill of Rights, which does what?
24 All deliberately created a weak what (2)?
25 The most democratic branch and also the branch with the most power typically in each State was?
26 One geographic area gained representatives, where?
Evidence of the growing power…was that many capital cities are moved where? Which States?
Economic Crosscurrents
States seize control of British lands… and large landholdings of Loyalists were often confiscated… one estate parceled into 250 different pieces… accelerating the spread of economic democracy…
27 Why were the frightening excesses of the French Revolution avoided?
28 People do not chop off heads when they can chop down ______?
Manufacturing is stimulated pre-war by the non-importation (boycott) strategies….and later by the war itself…they were forced to make their own.
29 Where is the site of many mills after the war?
30 YET…American remained a nation of ______-______?
Revolution had its drawbacks, economically, too….
31 British trade reserved for where?
32 American ships barred from where?
America could now trade freely though with other nations….
33 What “weed” became valuable and was traded where, specifically?
However….THE GENERAL ECONOMIC PICTURE WAS NOT GOOD AFTER THE WAR….
34 RUNAWAY?
35 THE AVERAGE CITIZEN WAS better or worse off after the Revolution, economically?
A Shaky Start Toward Union
They have won Independence and now had to create a gov’t ….wow…difficult due to their natural whiggishness and suspicions… The patriots were inclined toward experimentation and innovation…. Economic depression that rises out of the War hits bottom in 1786… Britain began to flood Am. Markets with cheap products thus putting many new American businesses into trouble….
Yet there was hope… THE 13 SOVEREIGN STATES WERE ALIKE IN…..
36 “SOVEREIGN”-DEFINE?
37 WERE ALIKE IN WHAT?
38 AND FUNCTIONED UNDER SIMILAR?
39 AND BLESSED WITH? 5 EXAMPLES?
Creating a Confederation
The 2nd Continental Congress was a conference of Ambassadors from the 13 Independent States and had no constitutional authority ….it did have some control over MILITARY and FOREIGN POLICIES…. The 13 States were SOVEREIGN…they each individually: COIN $, RAISED ARMIES AND NAVIES, AND TARIFFS (taxes paid at their ports on imported goods)…
40 1st written constitution of the USA was adopted in 1777 is called what?
-It was not ratified until?
-The reason it took so long- Chief apple of discord?
The question remained: why not turn the whole western area over to the central government…had they not all fought for it?
41 How many states had to approve the Articles of Confederation before it was formally approved?
42 Congress pledges to dispose of the lands for the ______and further agreed not to create colonies but… ______which in time would be admitted into the Union on terms of complete ______with all other States.
43 Which “Ordinance” passed in 1787 fulfills the above promise?
44 Significantly many western settlers purchase their land from who?
And this brings allegiance to the ______instead of State Gov’t (at least in the West)…
The Articles of Confederation: America’s 1st Constitution
A “firm league of friendship,” is created. 13 Independent states (countries) were linked together.
45 What was the Chief Agency of gov’t?
-There was no?
******HUGE*****Congress though dominant was restricted… Each State had 1 vote…all bills that were “important” had to approved by 9 of 13 states (supermajority) any AMENDMENTS (changes) to the Articles themselves required UNANIMOUS APPROVAL ( impt. Later when the const. conv. Meets in Philly 1787****)
Congress was purposely designed to be WEAK…TWO HANDICAPS WERE CRIPPLING…1) NO POWER TO REGULATE COMMERCE and 2) NO POWER TOCOLLECT TAXES – a quota for each state was established but was contributed on a voluntary basis??? The Central gov’t was lucky if it received 25% of its requests…
CONGRESS could NOT act against any citizen, could NOT protect itself… THIS CONGRESS WAS EVEN LESS EFFECTIVE THAN THE OLD CC’S
BUT surely a necessary stepping stone to the eventual Federal Constitution…and kept alive the IDEA of a UNION.
Landmarks in Land Laws ***very important***
2 acts of the Articles Congress… were important, 1 maybe the MOST SIGNIFICANT IN OUR HISTORY…..
46 The 1st law passed in 1785 is called what?
-It provided what?
-The area was to be SURVEYED before sale and settlement…
47 It was divided into ______6 miles square.
48 Each Township was then divided into 36 ______1 mile square.
49 The 16th of each Township would be sold and the profit used for what?
50 EVEN More Noteworthy (referenced above) is the Law passed in 1787 called?
This law explained forever HOW NEW STATES WOULD ENTER THE UNION**** the process is called TEMPORARY TUTELAGE***** It is an evolutionary process with steps…
51 The 1st step is?
52 Then when a territory has 60,000 inhabitants it could be?
53 With all of the privileges of?
54 ***** The law (Ordinance) ALSO PROHIBITED WHAT?
Does the “Southwest Ordinance” passed in 1791 prohibit the same idea?
The World’s Ugly Duckling
Foreign Policy remained troubled under the Articles period (1777-1787).
Britain shut off trade with its other colonies, stayed in Forts in USA territory [until after we defeat them in the War of 1812] along the Great Lakes, encouraged rebellion, and incited the Natives against us…
The reason: FAILURE OF USA TO HONOR PROMISES MADE IN THE TREATY OF PARIS, 1783…--DEBT & LOYALIST LAND
Spainwas also openly unfriendly…It controlled THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER and the all important end port of New Orleans…. down which western farmers had to send their produce to be sold… (Cannot go over the MTNS, can they)
-1784 SPAIN CLOSES RIVER TO AMERICAN COMMERCE**** AND CLAIMS A LARGE AREA OF LAND NORTH OF THE GULF OF MEXIC0 (modern day lower Alabama and Mississippi) and held an important Fort at Natchez… and like the British, schemed with the Native Tribes….
SPAIN AND BRITAIN TOGETHER KEPT AMERICA FROM EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF ABOUT ½ OF ITS TOTAL TERRITORY…in the West.
France demanded repayment of War Debt…. and restricted trade with their West Indian Islands and other ports.
North African Pirates [Dey of Algeirs] plundered {Pirates} American shipping in the Mediterranean… and even enslaved American Sailors (this will eventually lead to WAR)
JOHN JAY…. STATES THAT MAYBE THESE DIFFICULTIES WOULD PROVOKE AMERICA INTO…
55 WHAT?