Biology Chapter 10 TEST: Cell Growth and Division
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____1.As a cell becomes larger, its
a. / volume increases faster than its surface area.b. / surface area increases faster than its volume.
c. / volume increases, but its surface area stays the same.
d. / surface area stays the same, but its volume increases.
____2.As a cell grows, it
a. / places more demands on its DNA.b. / uses up food and oxygen more quickly.
c. / has more trouble moving enough materials across its cell membrane.
d. / all of the above
____3.If the length of a cell increases 10 times, its volume increases about
a. / 5 times.b. / 10 times.
c. / 100 times.
d. / 1000 times.
____4.The speed with which wastes are produced by a cell depends on the cell’s
a. / ratio of surface area to volume.b. / environment.
c. / volume.
d. / surface area.
____5.All of the following are problems that growth causes for cells EXCEPT
a. / DNA overload.b. / excess oxygen.
c. / obtaining enough food.
d. / expelling wastes.
____6.Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble
a. / dividing.b. / producing daughter cells.
c. / moving needed materials in and waste products out.
d. / making copies of their DNA.
____7.The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
a. / cell division.b. / metaphase.
c. / interphase.
d. / mitosis.
____8.Which of the following is NOT a way that cell division solves the problems of cell growth?
a. / Cell division provides each daughter cell with its own copy of DNA.b. / Cell division increases the mass of the original cell.
c. / Cell division increases the surface area of the original cell.
d. / Cell division reduces the original cell’s volume.
____9.If a normal cell divides, you can assume that
a. / its surface area has become larger than its volume.b. / its volume has become larger than its surface area.
c. / it has grown to its full size.
d. / it has grown too large to meet its needs.
____10.If a cell’s DNA were not copied before cell division, the cell could
a. / have a DNA overload.b. / become cancerous.
c. / fail to exchange materials.
d. / divide.
____11.Which of the following happens when a cell divides?
a. / The cell’s volume increases.b. / It becomes more difficult for the cell to get enough oxygen and nutrients.
c. / The cell has DNA overload.
d. / Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA.
____12.When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
a. / only during interphaseb. / only when they are being replicated
c. / only during cell division
d. / only during the G1 phase
____13.Which of the following is a phase in the cell cycle?
a. / G1 phaseb. / G2 phase
c. / M phase
d. / all of the above
____14.Which pair is correct?
a. / G1 phase, DNA replicationb. / G2 phase, preparation for mitosis
c. / S phase, cell division
d. / M phase, cell growth
____15.When during the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated?
a. / G1 phaseb. / G2 phase
c. / S phase
d. / M phase
____16.Which event occurs during interphase?
a. / The cell grows.b. / Centrioles appear.
c. / Spindle fibers begin to form.
d. / Centromeres divide.
____17.Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?
a. / Little happens during the G1 and G2 phases.b. / DNA replicates during cytokinesis.
c. / The M phase is usually the longest phase.
d. / Interphase consists of the G1, S, and, G2 phases.
____18.Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?
a. / Interphase is usually the longest phase.b. / DNA replicates during the S phase.
c. / Cell division ends with cytokinesis.
d. / The cell grows during the G2 phase.
Figure 10-1
____19.Cell division is represented in Figure 10-1 by the letter
a. / A.b. / B.
c. / C.
d. / D.
____20.The cell cycle is the
a. / series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.b. / period of time between the birth and the death of a cell.
c. / time from prophase until cytokinesis.
d. / time it takes for one cell to undergo mitosis.
Figure 10-2
____21.The structure labeled A in Figure 10-2 is called the
a. / centromere.b. / centriole.
c. / sister chromatid.
d. / spindle.
____22.The structures labeled B in Figure 10-2 are called
a. / centromeres.b. / centrioles.
c. / sister chromatids.
d. / spindles.
____23.During which phase(s) of mitosis are structures like the one shown in Figure 10-2 visible?
a. / anaphase and prophaseb. / prophase and metaphase
c. / metaphase only
d. / anaphase and interphase
____24.Which of the following is a phase of mitosis?
a. / cytokinesisb. / interphase
c. / prophase
d. / S phase
____25.The first phase of mitosis is called
a. / prophase.b. / anaphase.
c. / metaphase.
d. / interphase.
____26.During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
a. / prophaseb. / telophase
c. / metaphase
d. / anaphase
____27.Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
a. / prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophaseb. / interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
c. / interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
d. / prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
____28.What is the role of the spindle during mitosis?
a. / It helps separate the chromosomes.b. / It breaks down the nuclear membrane.
c. / It duplicates the DNA.
d. / It divides the cell in half.
____29.The two main stages of cell division are called
a. / mitosis and interphase.b. / synthesis and cytokinesis.
c. / the M phase and the S phase.
d. / cytokinesis and mitosis.
____30.One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have
a. / centrioles.b. / centromeres.
c. / a cell plate.
d. / chromatin.
____31.During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing
a. / two chromosomes.b. / four chromosomes.
c. / eight chromosomes.
d. / sixteen chromosomes.
____32.What happens when cells come into contact with other cells?
a. / They divide more quickly.b. / They stop growing.
c. / They produce cyclins.
d. / They produce p53.
____33.Which of the following is a factor that can stop normal cells from growing?
a. / contact with other cellsb. / growth factors
c. / a cut in the skin
d. / cyclin that has been taken from a cell in mitosis
____34.Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. If cells are removed from the middle of the dish, the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing until they have filled the empty space. What does this experiment show?
a. / When cells come into contact with other cells, they stop growing.b. / The controls on cell growth and division can be turned on and off.
c. / Cell division can be regulated by factors outside the cell.
d. / all of the above
____35.Which of the following explains why normal cells grown in a petri dish tend to stop growing once they have covered the bottom of the dish?
a. / The cells lack cyclin.b. / The petri dish inhibits cell growth.
c. / Contact with other cells stops cell growth.
d. / Most cells grown in petri dishes have a defective p53.
____36.When cytoplasm from a cell that is undergoing mitosis is injected into a cell that is in interphase, the second cell
a. / stays in interphase.b. / enters mitosis.
c. / stops making cyclin.
d. / loses its p53.
____37.In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by
a. / the centrioles.b. / cyclins.
c. / the spindle.
d. / all of the above
____38.Cyclins are a family of closely related proteins that
a. / regulate the cell cycle.b. / produce p53.
c. / cause cancer.
d. / work to heal wounds.
____39.Which of the following regulate(s) the cell cycle?
a. / growth factorsb. / cyclins
c. / p53
d. / all of the above
____40.Which of the following is an internal regulator of the cell cycle?
a. / cyclinsb. / growth factors
c. / the mitotic spindle
d. / cancer cells
____41.Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their
a. / size.b. / spindle fibers.
c. / growth rate.
d. / surface area.
____42.Cancer cells form masses of cells called
a. / tumors.b. / cyclins.
c. / growth factors.
d. / p53.
____43.A cell with a defective p53 gene is likely to
a. / divide regularly.b. / stop dividing.
c. / accumulate chromosomal damage.
d. / combat tumors.
____44.Cancer affects
a. / humans only.b. / most unicellular organisms.
c. / multicellular organisms.
d. / unicellular organisms.
____45.What is a tumor?
a. / an accumulation of cyclinsb. / a mass of cancer cells
c. / the rapidly dividing cells found at the site of a wound
d. / a defective p53 gene
Completion
For # 46 - 60, complete each sentence or statement. Use the word bank below. If the answer is a letter combination, be sure to darken ALL the letters in the combination on the Scantron answer sheet.
a. Mab. cell divisionbd. interphase
b. plantac. cytokinesisbe. internal
c. cyclinsad. 10cd. cell plate
d. cancerae. dividece. spindle fiber
e. 92bc. lessde. daughter
46.The larger a cell becomes, the ______efficiently it is able to function.
47.Before a normal cell becomes too large to carry out normal activities, it will usually divide to form two ______cells.
48.The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called ______.
49.Together, the G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase are called ______.
50.Another name for cell division is the ______phase.
51.A cell that has 5 chromosomes in the G1 phase will have ______chromatids in the G2 phase.
52.The number of sister chromatids in a human body cell that is entering cell division is ______.
Figure 10-3
53.The structure labeled A in Figure 10-3 is called the ______.
54.The process shown in Figure 10-3 occurs only in ______cells that have just divided.
55.Look at Figure 10-3. The process shown occurs directly following mitosis. This process is called ______.
56.During metaphase, each chromosome is connected to a(an) ______at its centromere.
57.If a normal cell is touched on all sides by other cells and is injected with cyclin from a dividing cell, it probably will ______.
58.Proteins called ______regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
59.Proteins that regulate the cell cycle based on events inside the cell are called ______regulators.
60.In all forms of ______, the cancerous cells fail to respond to the signals that regulate the cell cycle of most cells.
Other
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 10-4
61.Interpreting Graphics What does Figure 10-4 represent? How do you know if this is an animal cell or a plant cell?
a. stages of mitosis; plant cell
b. stages of mitosis; animal cell
c. stages of mitosis; cannot tell the type of cell
62.Inferring What is the chromosome number of the cell shown in Figure 10-4?
a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4
63.Inferring Identify the structures labeled X and Y in Figure 10-4.
a. X is the ribosome; Y is a spindle fiber.
b. X is the centriole; Y is a chromosome.
c. X is the spindle fiber; Y is a centriole.
d. X is the centriole; Y is a spindle fiber.
64.Applying Concepts List the correct order for the diagrams in Figure 10-4.
a. A, B, C, Db. C, B, D, Ac. D, A, C, Bd. B, C, D, A
65.Predicting After the steps shown in Figure 10-4 are arranged in the correct order, what would a diagram of the next step show?
a. DNA replicationb. cytokinesisc. interphased. metaphase
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
A student placed three cubes of agar that contained the indicator phenolphthalein in a beaker of vinegar. The cubes were the following sizes: 3 cm3, 2 cm3, and 1 cm3. In the presence of an acid, such as vinegar, phenolphthalein turns from pink to clear. After 10 minutes, the student cut each cube open and measured the distance that the vinegar had diffused into each cube. She then started to complete the data table.
Figure 10-5
Comparison of Agar CubesCube Size / Surface Area (cm2) / Volume (cm3) / Ratio of Surface Area to Volume / Depth of Diffusion (mm) / Time (minutes) / Rate of Diffusion (mm/minute)
3 cm3 / 54 / 27 / 10
2 cm3 / 10
1 cm3 / 6 / 1 / 10
66.Designing Experiments The cubes in Figure 10-5 probably represent cells. What is the student probably trying to test?
a. The student is varying the material the cubes are made of and testing how far a solution can diffuse into each cube.
b. The student is varying the size of the cubes and testing how far a solution can diffuse into each cube.
c. Not enough information
67.Calculating Look at the data table in Figure 10-5. What are the surface area, volume, and ratio of surface area to volume for the cube that is 2 cm3?
a. 8 cm2 ; 8 cm3 ; 1c. 6 cm2 ; 24 cm3 ; 1
b. 8 cm2 ; 8 cm3 ; 3d. 24 cm2 ; 8 cm3 ; 3
68.Comparing and Contrasting Compare the cubes in Figure 10-5 with respect to their sizes and their ratios of surface area to volume.
a. The largest cube has the largestest ratio of surface area to volume, and the smallest cube has the smallest ratio of surface area to volume.
b. The largest cube has the smallest ratio of surface area to volume, and the smallest cube has the largest ratio of surface area to volume.
c. There is no difference in the cubes.
69.Inferring Look at the experimental setup in Figure 10-5. How will the student know how far the vinegar has diffused into each cube?
a. The student will make an educated guess based on how long the cubes sat in the vinegar.
b. The student can cut each cube in half and measure the amount of each cube that has changed from pink to clear.
c. There will be no color change so the student will not be able to obtain this information.
70.Predicting Predict how the ratio of surface area to volume will relate to the rate of diffusion and the distance that the vinegar will diffuse into each cube in Figure 10-5.
a. The rate of diffusion should be constant across all three cubes. The vinegar will diffuse to a greater extent into the smaller cube than into the larger cubes because the ratio of surface area to volume is larger for the smaller cubes.
b. The rate of diffusion will not be constant in all three cubes. The vinegar will diffuse to a lesser extent into the smaller cube than into the larger cubes because the ratio of surface area to volume is smaller for the smaller cubes.
c. The rate of diffusion should be constant across all three cubes. The vinegar will diffuse the same amount in all three cubes.
USINGSCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 10-6
71.Interpreting Graphics Look at Figure 10-6. Which diagram shows cancer cells?
a. Ab. Bc. not enough information
72.Comparing and Contrasting Explain how cancer cells are different from normal cells.
a. Cancer cells do not respond to the signals that control the growth of most cells.
b. These signals, to which cancer cells do not respond, include growth factors that stimulate cell division at a proper rate and signals that prevent excessive growth so that tissues do not disrupt each other.
c. Cancer cells form masses (tumors).
d. (a) and (b) only
e. all of the above
73.Predicting Look at the cancer cells shown in Figure 10-6. What can happen if these cells are left untreated?
a. Nothing, the cancer will go away by itself.
b. They can break loose from the mass they are now a part of and spread throughout the body, disrupting normal activities and causing serious medical problems.
c. The person can die.
d. (b) and (c)
e. none of the above
74.Applying Concepts Explain the role that p53 might have had in the growth and division of the cells shown in diagram A in Figure 10-6.
a. These cells might have a defect in the p53 gene.
b. These cells probably have a healthy copy of the p53 gene, which has stopped the cell cycle until the genetic material in these cells has been properly replicated.
c. The defective gene has allowed the cells to multiply more quickly and chaotically than the normal cells.
d. (a) and (c)
e. none of the above
75.Problem Solving How might the cancer cells shown in Figure 10-6 be prevented from doing more harm to the organism they are a part of?
a. removing the cancerous cells (surgery)
b. treating them with radiation that will destroy the cells
c. treating them with chemicals (chemotherapy) that will destroy the cells
d. all of the above