Totalitarianism and the Outbreak of World War II
I. The Rise of Totalitarianism, 1919-1939
A. WWI was not the “______” because events from 1919 to 1939 led to another world war
1. The ______terms of the Treaty of Versailles led to ______in Germany
2. Huge ______slowed Germany’s ability to ______after the war
3. Britain, France, and other members of the League of Nations wanted to ______
4. The ______meant no American money for rebuilding and a world-wide depression in Europe
B. In the 1920s and 1930s, ______increased and totalitarian ______came to power
1. Totalitarianism
a. Totalitarian leaders came to power by promising ______and promoting ______
b. Dictators controlled all aspects of the nation by eliminating ______, denying ______, using censorship, secret ______
c. VENN Diagram
2. Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union (Communism)
3. Benito Mussolini in Italy (Fascism)
4. Adolf Hitler in Germany (Fascism)
a. The Nazis were a fascist group in Germany that wanted to overthrow the disloyal ______Republic
b. ______was an early Nazi recruit and quickly rose to power in the party
c. Hitler’s______outlined his plans for Germany
i. He wrote that Germans were members of a ______called Aryans and all non-Aryans were inferior
ii. He declared that Germans needed ______ (living space) and should conquer Eastern Europe and Russia
iii. He called the Treaty of Versailles an outrage and vowed to ______taken from Germany after the war
d. In 1933, Hitler was named ______(prime minister) of Germany and used his power to become dictator
e. Hitler put Germans to ______by building factories, highways, weapons, and increasing the ______
f. He created the gov’t protection squad called the ______and a secret police called the ______to eliminate rivals and control all aspects of Germany
h. Anti-Semitism and violence towards Jews
i. In 1935, Hitler began a series of anti-Semitic laws called the ______that deprived German ______of the rights of citizens, forbade mixed Jewish marriages, and required Jews to wear a ______
ii. In 1938, Hitler ordered ______(Night of Broken Glass) a series of attacks on Jewish ______and businesses
6. Hideki Tojo in Japan (Military Dictatorship)
II. The Outbreak of World War II
A. In the 1930s, Japan, Italy, and Germany began aggressively expanding in Africa, Asia, and Europe
1. Japan invaded ______in 1931 and mainland ______in 1937
2. In 1935, Mussolini began his campaign to create an Italian Empire by invading ______
3. The ______condemned Japan and Italy but did nothing to stop the attacks in order to maintain ______
4. The failure of the League of Nations to stop Italy or Japan, encouraged ______to expand Germany too
a. By 1936, Hitler had expanded the German ______and moved troops into the Rhineland
b. In 1938, Germany annexed ______and the ______
c. In 1939, Hitler invaded ______
5. The League of Nations used ______to avoid ______with Germany, Italy, and Japan
a. In 1939, Hitler demanded the return on ______to Germany but wanted to avoid a war with the USSR
b. Stalin and Hitler agreed to the ______Pact, promising to divide Poland and to never to ______each other
c. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded ______
d. On September 3, 1939, Britain and France ______on the ______(Germany, Italy, and Japan) and World War II began
B. WWII before Dec 1941
1. When World War II began, German ______tactics led to the conquest of Poland, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, ______, the Balkans…the Axis Powers seized ______
2. In 1941, Hitler broke the Nazi-Soviet Pact and invaded the ______
3. By 1941, Germany and Italy controlled most of ______and North Africa
4. Meanwhile, ______conquered new territories in Asia and threatened Guam and the ______
5. From 1939 to 1941, the ______remained ______, but not isolated, from the global conflict
III. America’s Response before Dec 1941
A. Congress passed a series of ______(1935-1937) that, in case of a war, made it illegal for companies to ______or ______goods to any nation at war
B On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded ______and World War II began between the Axis and Allies
Respond to Situation #1 (1939)
1. When the war started, Congress ______the Neutrality Acts and allowed U.S. companies to sell ______to the Allies on a “______” basis
2. Allied nations could buy U.S. made ______but had to pay in ______and had to transport goods on their ______
3. The cash-and-carry policy allowed the USA to ______while remaining ______and avoid the causes of American entry into the ______
C. From 1939 to 1940, the German military conquered ______and began bombing Britain
Respond to Situation #2 (1940)
1. In 1940, Franklin Roosevelt was elected to an unprecedented ______as president
2. FDR prepared for possible entry into the war by calling for the ______
3. The fall of ______in 1940 worried Americans that the Axis Powers might win World War II…German Luftwaffe attacks on ______meant that England needed U.S. aid more than ever
4. The USA responded with the ______in 1941. The Lend-Lease Act allowed the USA to send ______to Allied nations and transport war-related goods to Europe on ______. The Lend-Lease Act was used ______, transformed the USA into an “______,” and helped end the depression in America
D. By 1941, the USA was entangled in a dangerous war: German ______patrolled the Atlantic, Hitler invaded the ______, and Japan attacked ______with little opposition
Respond to Situation #3 (1941)
1. The success of the Axis Powers in Europe brought the USA closer to an______on Germany. FDR gave the navy and merchant ships authority to ______
2. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill secretly drafted the ______which planned a______if the USA entered the war and a post-war ______
3. The USA tried to ______Japanese aggression in Asia. To protect American territories and allies in the Pacific, FDR ordered an______on all ______and ______sales to Japan
4. Hideki Tojo sent an envoy to ______a resolution, but secretly plotted to attack the United States
E. On December 7, 1941 the Japanese military led a ______on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Respond to Situation #4 (1941)
1. In addition to Hawaii, the Japanese attacked U.S. naval bases at ______and ______
2. After the Japanese attacks, Congress ______on Japan
3. When America entered World War II, the U.S. had to fight a ______war in Europe and Asia…
4. Despite the attack by ______, FDR viewed ______as the immediate threat and began preparing for war