Structure of Matter
1. During the water cycle, when water vapor changes to liquid water, it is called (S8P1e)
A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. freezing
D. boiling
2. Carbon atoms have 6 protons and 6 neutrons in the nucleus. They also have 6 electrons outside the nucleus. What is carbon’s atomic number and atomic mass? (S8P1f)
A. atomic number = 12; atomic mass = 12
B. atomic number = 6; atomic mass = 18
C. atomic number = 6; atomic mass =12
D. atomic number = 12; atomic mass = 18
3. Bill has an unknown liquid. In five different tests the liquid shows the same properties as water. Bill can conclude that the liquid (S8P1d)
A. is definitely water
B. cannot be water
C. is partly water
D. could be water
4. Students in three different groups found the density of some coins. Each group was given four coins. Their results are shown in the table below.
All of the following are valid conclusions based on the data except (S8P1d)
A. Group A’s coins were different than Group B’s.
B. Groups A’s coins were all the same type.
C. Groups B’s coins were not all the same type.
D. Group C’s coins were not all the same type.
Use the table below to answer the following question.
5. The table lists the volume and mass of four substances. Which substance has the lowest density? (S8P1d)
A. brick
B. ice
C. water
D. wax
6. Evidence of a chemical change would be a (S8P1e)
A. melting Popsicle
B. spinning top
C. spilled bucket of water
D. rusting car fender
7. Mary wants to find the density of a small stone. Which tools will she need? (S8P1d)
A. a meter stick and a thermometer
B. a thermometer and a balance
C. a balance and a graduated cylinder
D. a graduated cylinder and a meter stick
8. A hot air balloon rises because (S8P1c)
A. molecules become lighter when heated
B. molecules move faster and farther apart when heated
C. molecules are less attracted by gravity when heated
D. molecules become charged and repel each other when heated
9. A teaspoon of salt is dissolved in a quart of water. Which of the following is true? (S8P1e)
A. The salt can be separated from the water by filtering the solution through a fine cloth.
B. The salt grains can be seen in the solution with a microscope.
C. The salt will eventually settle out.
D. The salt can be separated from the water by boiling off the water.
10. If different kinds of atoms are represented by different colored dots, which picture represents a sample of a compound? (S8P1b)
A. / B.C. / D.
Use the picture below to answer the following question.
11. Beaker A contains water. Beaker B contains copper pellets. When the copper pellets from Beaker B are poured into Beaker A, what will be the water level in Beaker A? (S8P1d)
A. below the 150 mL mark
B. at the 150 mL mark
C. above the 150 mL mark, but below the 200 mL mark
D. at the 200 mL mark
12. Which statement about the molecules in ice and the molecules in liquid water is correct? (S8P1c)
A. The molecules in ice have more energy than the molecules in liquid water.
B. The molecules in ice contain different atoms than the molecules in liquid water.
C. The molecules in ice move less freely than the molecules in liquid water.
D. The molecules in ice can move more freely than the molecules in liquid water.
13. Because calcium cannot be changed by simple chemical methods into two or more different substances, it is classified as (S8P1b)
A. an element
B. a compound
C. a mixture
D. a base
14. How many atoms are in one molecule of NH3? (S8P1a)
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
Use the model below of a sulfuric acid molecule to answer the following question.
15. According to the model, which is the formula for sulfuric acid? (S8P1a)
A. H2OS
B. HS2O4
C. H2SO4
D. HSO3
16. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is made of carbon and oxygen (S8P1a)
A. atoms
B. compounds
C. electrons
D. molecules
17. If you dissolved a lot of salt in some water in a large flat dish and put the dish in bright sunlight on a hot day, what would be left in the dish after a long time? (S8P1e)
A. dry salt
B. water with no salt
C. the same salty water as before
D. nothing
18. The elements in the periodic table are arranged from (S8P1f)
A. softest to hardest
B. acids to bases
C. low to high atomic numbers
D. gases to solids
19. Which is the basic unit of all matter? (S8P1a)
A. atom
B. compound
C. electron
D. molecule
Use the pictures below to answer the following question .
20. When a rock is put in a pail of water, the water comes up to the line shown above. Which picture shows where the water level would be if the rock were broken into two pieces? (S8P1g)
A.
B.
C.
D.
21. William put a sugar cube in a cup of hot water. After a period of time, what happened to the sugar cube? (S8P1e)
A. It dissolved.
B. It stayed on the bottom of the cup.
C. It evaporated.
D. It changed color.
22. All of the following except one are made up of atoms. Which one is NOT made up of atoms? (S8P1a)
A. energy
B. people
C. gasoline
D. sodium chloride
23. The mass of a solid object stays the same until (S8P1d)
A. it is put into orbit in space
B. it changes volume by expanding or contracting
C. matter is taken away from or added to the object
D. the object is taken to another planet where the force of gravity is different
24. When water boils (S8P1e)
A. a physical change takes place
B. a chemical change takes place
C. it breaks down into atoms
D. a new substance is formed
Use the pictures below to answer the following question .
25. A rock is put into a pail that has some water in it. Before the rock is put into the pail, the water is at the 5-liter line. After the rock is added, the water rises to the 6-liter line. The space taken up by the rock is (This is a measurement/experimental design question.)
A. 1 liter
B. 5 liters
C. 6 liters
D. 11 liters
26. In which substance are the molecules closest to each other? (S8P1c)
A. steam
B. water
C. oil
D. iron
27. Plastic, wood, and iron are ALL made of (S8P1a)
A. energy
B. plant or animal cells
C. carbon molecules
D. atoms
28. If you added sand to a container until you doubled the container’s weight, you would also double the container’s (S8P1d)
A. volume
B. temperature
C. mass
D. pressure
29. Which of the following combine to form a molecule? (S8P1a)
A. atoms
B. neutrons
C. mixtures
D. protons
Use the pictures below to answer the following question.
30. Two objects of different shapes are each made from 6 cubes stuck together as shown above. If all the cubes are exactly alike, how do the two objects compare in weight and volume? (S8P1d,g)
A. Both weigh the same and have the same volume
B. Both weigh the same but object 1 has the greater volume
C. Object 2 weighs more and has the greater volume
D. Object 1 weighs more but both have the same volume
31. A different chemical substance is formed when (S8P1e)
A. a cloth is cut
B. a cup breaks
C. a candle burns
D. a piece of chalk falls
32. Jeff has two different metal samples. Which tools would Jeff MOST LIKELY use to compare the two metals? (This is a measurements/experimental design question related to S8P1d.)
A. litmus paper and ruler
B. ruler and balance scales
C. thermometer and litmus paper
D. balance scales and thermometer
Use the table below to answer the following question.
33. All of the elements we know are shown in this table. This table is called (S8P1f)
A. the molecular table
B. the atomic theory table
C. the matter table
D. the periodic table
34. When water gets very hot it changes to (S8P1e)
A. air.
B. ice.
C. steam.
D. liquid.
Use the diagrams below to answer the following question.
35. The diagrams represent the movement and distribution of particles in different states of matter. Which statement about the diagrams is true? (S8P1c)
A. A is the liquid, B is the solid, and C is the gas.
B. A is the liquid, B is the gas, and C is the solid.
C. A is the solid, B is the gas, and C is the liquid.
D. A is the solid, B is the liquid, and C is the gas.
36. Flour is a fine powder obtained by grinding wheat or other cereal grains. A pile of grain burns very slowly whereas flour dust suspended in air is explosive. Which is the best explanation of this? (S8P1e)
A. The heat produced when small particles burn is greater than the heat produced by the burning of large particles of the same substance.
B. Grinding the grain changes its chemical composition.
C. For the same quantity of material, small particles have a greater surface area in contact with air than large particles.
D. Small particles possess more energy than large particles.
37. Connie adds a package of powdered drink mix and some sugar to a pitcher of water, then stirs it well. What is the best description of the substance in the pitcher? (S8P1b)
A. It is an element.
B. It is a compound.
C. It is a mixture of elements.
D. It is a mixture of compounds.
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Energy
1. A person wants curtains that let in some light but prevent people outside from seeing into the house. The best choice of material would be one that is (S8P4d)
A. opaque
B. reflecting
C. transparent
D. translucent
2. The major reason for burning gasoline in an automobile engine is to convert (S8P2c)
A. chemical energy to mechanical energy
B. kinetic energy to potential energy
C. radiation to electrical energy
D. thermal energy to electrical energy
3. Which test would determine that an electric current is flowing in a straight copper wire connected to a battery? (S8P5c)
A. Touch the wire.
B. Hold a flashlight bulb near the wire.
C. Hold a small compass near the wire.
D. Disconnect the wire form the battery.
Use the picture to answer the following question.
4. Three identical light bulbs are connected in parallel with a battery, as shown above, and all are lit. If bulb I is unscrewed and removed, what will happen to the other two light bulbs? (S8P5b)
A. Both will stay lit.
B. II will go out, but III will stay lit.
C. II will stay lit, but III will go out.
D. Both will go out.
5. Denny pedals his bicycle to the top of a small hill and stops to rest. What kind of energy does Denny’s bicycle now have? (S8P2b)
A. all kinetic energy
B. all potential energy
C. some potential energy and some kinetic energy
D. no energy at all
6. Which item is the best conductor of heat? (S8P2d)
A. /B.
C. / D.
7. Which picture could show the direction of the electrical current in the circuit? (S8P5b)
A. / B.C. / D.
8. Which color reflects all colors of light? (S8P4c)
A. black
B. white
C. green
D. red
9. As Maria stood knee-deep in the ocean, she noted how high the waves came up on her compared to the day before. Which property of waves was Maria observing? (S8P4f)
A. frequency
B. wavelength
C. amplitude
D. speed
10. Materials that absorb all light hitting them are (S8P4b)
A. opaque
B. transparent
C. luminous
D. translucent
11. The color red that we see depends upon the (S8P4c)
A. speed of the red light wave
B. wavelength of the red light wave
C. temperature of the red light wave
D. direction of the red light wave
12. Which occurs when light bounces off a smooth, hard surface? (S8P4b)
A. absorption
B. reflection
C. magnetism
D. magnification
13. A student rides a bike at night and wants to add a light to the front of the bike. A good power source for the light will be (S8P2a)
A. an electromagnet
B. an electric motor
C. a generator
D. a transformer
14. Which of the following best explains why the end of a spoon sticking out of a cup of hot water also gets hot? (S8P2d)
A. The hot water causes a chemical reaction to take place in the spoon.
B. The heat from the hot water is conducted to the spoon
C. The hot water heats the air surrounding the upper part of the spoon.
D. The hot water causes a physical change in the spoon handle.
Use the pictures below to answer the following question.
15. When do the waves created by a rock dropped into a puddle of water have the least amount of energy? (S8P4a)
A. when they are farthest from the source
B. when they are closest to the source
C. when the object hits the water
D. when they are halfway to the edge of the pond
16. When a rock is thrown straight up into the air, it reaches its highest point and briefly comes to a complete stop before it starts to fall back to the ground. Which is greatest at the point where the rock stops? (S8P2b)
A. potential energy
B. kinetic energy
C. force due to gravity
D. friction due to moving air