The Spanish American War – SOL USII.4a and Real Words Summary
The “Splendid Little War” – A Quick Summary
In 1895 Cuban nationalists began a revolt against the Spanish government. The U.S. was concerned about protection of American business interests in Cuba. American business owned huge tracts of land in Cuba to grow sugar, and the sugar trade was very profitable for U.S. business.
Cubans had been unhappy with Spanish rule for some time, and Americans were sympathetic. Spain's harsh attempts to put down the Cuban revolt and cruel treatment of the Cubans increased support in the U.S. for Cuba's struggle for independence. President McKinley, however, had personally seen so much death and destruction during the Civil War that he was hesitant to get involved.
Yellow Journalism
Newspapers, competing for sales, exaggerated stories of the horrors of Cuban life under oppressive Spanish rule. The Spanish had confined many Cubans to concentration camps. The press called them "death camps," and wrote headlines like “Spanish Cannibalism,”“Inhuman Torture,”and “Amazon Warriors Fight For Rebels.” Newspapers sent hundreds of reporters, artists, and photographers to Cuba to report Spanish atrocities.These newspaper stories of Spanish cruelty sold newspapers and swayed public opinion in favor of intervention.
One photographer sent to cover the Cuban revolt sent back the message, "There is no war. Request to be recalled." His boss, William Randoph Hearst, reportedly sent back a cable, "Please remain. You furnish the pictures, I'll furnish the war." The name Yellow Journalism came from this popular cartoon of the Yellow Kid, who wore a yellow gown while he mocked upper-class customs.
The Battleship Maine
The battleship Maine was sent to Cuba to show American concern over Spanish actions and support for the Cuban rebels. The Maine had been in HavanaHarbor three weeks when the captain wrote the trouble in Cuba was almost over and the new Spanish governor had the situation under control.
Then one night the battleship blew up and sank, killing 266 men. The American press immediately blamed the Spanish, though there was no evidence that the Spanish were responsible. In order to attract readers, they even faked pictures showing Spanish soldiers planting mines around the ship. Hundreds of editorials demanded revenge.
Soon a rallying cry could be heard everywhere -- in the papers, on the streets, and in the halls of Congress: "Remember the Maine! To ** with Spain." President William McKinley was pressured by Congress into asking for a declaration of war.
On the Other Side of The World
Spain also had other unhappy colonies around the world, especially on the Philippine Islands in the Pacific Ocean, and a big part of its navy was stationed there. Soon after war was declared, the United States attacked and destroyed Spain's fleet in the Pacific so the ships couldn't go help out in Cuba. Then the U.S. helped the rebels in the Philippines defeat Spain and win their independence.
The U.S. Becomes a World Power
The war itself lasted only four months, from mid-April to mid-August 1898. There were 379 American combat deaths, but more than 5,000 servicemen died of disease.
What about the war's consequences? Begun over the cause of Cuban independence, the war marked the emergence of the United States as a world power and the beginning of American overseas imperialism.
Most of the fighting occurred in the Spanish possessions of Cuba and the Philippines, on opposite sides of the world.(There was also some fighting in Puerto Rico and Guam, but none in the United States or Spain).
Representatives of Spain and the United States signed a peace treaty in Paris on December 10, 1898. It established the independence of Cuba, gave Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States, and allowed the U.S. to purchase the PhilippinesIslands from Spain for $20 million.
The war between the U.S. and Spain lasted only 4 months.
Teddy Roosevelt became a national hero by quitting his important government job and joining the Rough Riders to fight in Cuba. He would become president soon after.
One More Thought on Independence
The U.S. had helped Cuba and the Philippines win theirindependencefrom Spainin this war. However, since the Philippines was sold to the United States, the rebels there declared war on the U.S., and a long and bloody and very ugly guerilla war followed.
Many Americans thought it was wrong to take over the Philippines after we had fought to set the country free from Spain. Andrew Carnegie, for example, offered to pay the $20 million himself and let the Philippines be independent.
The country remained a U.S. territory until it was taken by the Japanese during World War II.The Philippines, which is made up of more than 7,000 islands in the Pacific,finally gained its independence in 1946, after Japan was defeated in WWII, and today is an ally of the U.S.
The history books also say Cuba gained its independence in the Spanish-American War. However, it was forced to include rules in the new constitution saying the U.S. could send troops to intervene if we thought our national interestswere threatened. The government in Cuba was sometimes called a “puppet regime,” meaning it was officially in charge, but the U.S. was really pulling the strings.In 1959, a revolution overthrew the U.S.-backed government, and Communist leader Fidel Castro came to power. Castro is still the leader in Cuba, and Cuba has been an enemy of the United States for nearly 50 years.
Guam is still a U.S. territory. Puerto Rico is a U.S. “Commonwealth,” and may one day vote to become the 51st state.
SOL USII.4a
What the SOLs Say We Should Know About the Spanish-American War
The student will demonstrate knowledge of the changing role of the United States from the late nineteenth century through World War I by explaining the reasons for and results of the Spanish American War.
•The Spanish-American War was a war between Spain and the United States of America.
•The war was fought mostly in Cuba and the Philippines.
Reasons for the Spanish American War?
• Protection of American business interests in Cuba $$
• American support of Cuban rebels to gain independence from Spain
• Rising tensions as a result of the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine
• Yellow Journalism - Exaggerated news reports of events
Results of the Spanish American War?
• The United States emerged as a world power.
• Cuba gained independence from Spain.
• The United States gained possession of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
What were the reasons for the Spanish-American War?
• Protection of American business interests in ______$$
• American support of Cuban rebels to gain independence from ______
• Rising tensions as a result of the sinking of the U.S.S. ______in HavanaHarbor
• Exaggerated news reports of events, known as ______
The "Splendid Little War" - A Quick Summary
The war between the U.S. and Spain, lasted only 4 ______. Most of the fighting occurred in ______and in ______, on opposite sides of the world.
In 1895 Cuban nationalists began a revolt against the ______government. The U.S. was concerned about protection of American ______interests in Cuba. American business owned huge tracts of land in Cuba to grow ______, which was very profitable for U.S. business. Cubans had been unhappy with ______rule for some time, and Americans were sympathetic.
Spain's harsh attempts to put down the Cuban revolt and cruel treatment of the Cubans increased support in the U.S. for Cuba's struggle for ______. President McKinley, however, had personally seen so much death and destruction during the Civil War that he was hesitant to get involved.
Newspapers, competing for ______, exaggerated stories of the horrors of Cuban life under oppressive Spanish rule. This was called ______. The Spanish had confined many Cubans to concentration camps. The press called them "death camps," and wrote headlines like “Spanish Cannibalism,” “Inhuman Torture,” and “Amazon Warriors Fight For Rebels.” These newspaper stories of Spanish ______sold many ______and swayed public ______in favor of ______, or getting involved.
The battleship ______was sent to ______to show American concern over Spanish actions and support for the Cuban ______. The Maine had been in ______Harbor three weeks when the captain wrote the trouble in Cuba was almost over and the new Spanish governor had the situation under control.
Then one night the battleship blew up and sank, killing 266 men. The American press immediately blamed ______, though there was no evidence that the Spanish were responsible. In order to attract readers, they even faked pictures showing Spanish ______planting mines around the ship. Hundreds of editorials demanded revenge. Soon a rallying cry could be heard everywhere -- in the papers, on the streets, and in the halls of Congress: ______!
The war itself lasted only ______months, from mid-April to mid-August 1898. There were 379 American combat deaths, but more than 5,000 servicemen died of ______.
Begun over the cause of Cuban ______, the war marked the emergence of the United States as a world power and the beginning of American overseas ______.
Representatives of Spain and the United States signed a peace treaty in Paris on December 10, 1898. It established the independence of ______, gave ______and Guam to the United States, and allowed the victorious U.S. to purchase ______from Spain for $20 million.
What were the results of the Spanish American War?
• The United States emerged as a world power.
• ______gained ______from Spain.
• The United States gained possession of ______, ______, and ______.
Expansionism Quiz Questions, Week of Nov. 13
1.How did the U.S. acquire Alaska?
2. How did the U.S. acquire Hawaii?
3-5.What three places did the U.S. acquire from Spain in the Spanish-American War?
6. Which country gained its independence because of the Spanish-American War? (though some considered it a “puppet” government of the United States)
7. Who were the two main countries fighting in the Spanish-American War?
8. In which two places was the Spanish-American War mostly fought?
9. Name at least one reason for the Spanish-American War.
10. What was the name given to the wildly exaggerated news reports that tried to get the U.S. involved and sell more newspapers.
11. What was the name of the ship that blew up and sank in HavanaHarbor, leading to more pressure for the U.S. to get involved?