SJ #1 “Solubility” Lesson 12: Notes & Lab

Observations:

1)

2)

3)

(Keep these properties in mind: phase, color, transparency, thickness, etc. when you make your observations—be specific)

MIXTURE a combination of substances in the same place that are NOT chemically combined

-EX: trail mix, air

SOLUTION: a “very well-mixed” mixture of 2 or more substances, called a “homogenous” mixture

-NOT chemically mixed

-you CANNOT see individual particles

-EX: lemonade, Gatorade, air

DISSOLVE: when one substance appears to absorb another substance, but they do NOT chemically combine

--they only mix physically (physical change)

--they CAN be separated

SOLUBLE: when a substance dissolves in another substance, it is called a SOLUBLE SUBSTANCE

INSOLUBLE: when a substance does NOT dissolve in another

substance, it is an INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCE

SOLVENT: the substance that dissolves another substance

EX: water, acetone

--usually present in larger amount

SOLUTE: the substance that gets dissolved

EX: salt

--usually present in smaller amount

***Solvents and solutes can be any phase

EX: --salt (S) in water (L) (most common)

--oxygen (G) in water (L)

--metal (S) with metal (S)  alloys (melted together first)

--air: gasses (G) dissolved in nitrogen (G)

ELECTROLYTES: solutions that conduct electricity; salts

NON-ELECTROLYTES: cannot conduct electricity; non-salts

AQUEOUS SOLUTION: when water is the solvent

POLAR MOLECULE: a molecule that has electrically charged parts, but is electrically neutral as a whole

EX: water =H2O 2 hydrogens & 1 oxygen

--“LIKE dissolves LIKE”

--polar dissolves polar

--nonpolar dissolves nonpolar

--polar and nonpolar do NOT mix well = “immiscible”

(water + oil) (1)(2)(3)(4)(7)(8)

SOLUBILITY:

*the amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of

solvent, measured in (g/L)

*Solubility changes with temp.

*As temp of a liquid increases, the solubility of a

solidsolute increases.

EX: salt in water  more salt dissolves in warmer water than in colder water

DILUTE SOLUTION:

*a weak solution with not very much solute

ex: weak tea

CONCENTRATED SOLUTION:

*a strong solution with a lot of solute

ex: really sweet kool-aid

SATURATED SOLUTION:

*when a solvent cannot dissolve any more solute

ex: soaking wet sponge

UNSATURATED SOLUTION:

*when a solvent can still dissolve more solute

ex: damp sponge