Name ______

Unit 2 Part I Review Packet

Key Vocabulary:

AcidCatalystMatter

Activation energyCohesionNeutron

Active SiteDenaturepH Scale

AdhesionElectron Polarity

AtomElementProton

Atomic numberEndothermicProduct

Atomic MassExothermicSubstrate

Base/AlkalineMassWeight

Part 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate vocabulary term.

1. The nucleus of an atom is composed of ______and ______. Outside the nucleus are the ______.

2. ______is the most abundant molecule in life. It is composed of one ______atom and two ______atoms.

3. The ______indicates how many protons are in an atom and also how many ______are in an atom, when the atom is not in a bond.

4. The substance an enzyme acts upon is called a ______.

5. ______does not change depending on where you are in the universe. ______will change depending on the gravitational pull you have in the universe.

6. Because of its polarity, water has ______which gives it surface tension. Water also has ______which allows for capillary action.

7. An enzyme’s shape can be irreversibly changed if subjected to various insults such as less than/more than optimum temperatures or pHs. The enzyme is then rendered useless. This is called ______.

8. The sum of an atom’s neutrons and protons is its ______.

9. The ______is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. Substances with a high concentration of hydrogen are called ______. Substances with a low concentration of hydrogen (and instead a high concentration of hydroxide) are called ______.

10. Stomach acid has a pH of 3 so it is a strong ______. Baking soda has a pH of 8 so it is a weak ______.

Part Two: True or False. Decide if the following statements are True or False. If they are false change the underline word so that it reads true.

1. An enzyme raises activation energy so that the reaction can progress more quickly. ______

2. To determine the number of neutrons an atom has subtract the atomic number from the mass number. ______

3. Atomic mass determine the element type. ______

4. An exothermicreaction results in an absorption of energy. ______

5. Of all the states of matter, the particles in a solid have the most energyand therefore the least particle movement. ______

Part Three: short answer

1.List three of water’s life supporting properties:

2.Draw the water molecule. Which atom(s) in the molecule are positive? Which atom(s) in the molecule are negative? Label the positive and negative charge.

Because the water molecule has a positive and negative charge, it is considered to be ______.

3. Identify the following in the picture below:

A. Active Site B.Enzyme C.Substrate D. Products

4. Explain why an enzyme-substrate complex is sometimes referred to as a lock and key model?

5. What two things can affect enzyme effectiveness and why?

6. Complete the chart

Name / Atomic Number / Atomic Mass / Mass Number / Protons / Electrons / Neutron
Na / 22.99 / 11
S / 32 / 16
Mg / 12 / 12
B / 5 / 6

7. Use the table below to answer the following questions.

Substance pH

battery acid 1.0

stomach acid 2.2

grapefruit juice 3.2

milk 6.5

human blood 7.3

baking soda 9.5

soapy water 12.1

draino 14.0

pH Values of Some Common Substances (Figure 2-1 above)

  1. What is the strongestbase listed in the table? ______
  1. What is the pH of the weakestbase listed in the table? ______
  1. What is the pH of the strongestacid listed in the table? ______
  1. A change of one unit on the pH scale represents a ten-fold increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions. According to the pH values listed in the table, how much greater is the hydrogen ion concentration (how many more times acidic) in grapefruit juice than in human blood?

______

  1. How much is the hydrogen ion concentration changed (how many more times basic) when you go from baking soda to soapy water?

______

  1. According to the pH values of the table, does a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration less than that of pure water have a pH greater or less than 7?

______

8. Draw and label all the pertinent parts of a fluorine atom:

9. Draw an exothermic and endothermic reaction graph. Label: reactants, products and explain how they are different.