Ecology Review Name ______

Vocab:

Abiotic
acid rain/ acidification
autotroph
Biome
Biosphere
Biotic
Carnivore
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
climax community
Commensalism
Community
Competition
Consumer
Decomposer
denitrifying bacteria
Desert
Saprophyte
Ecosystem
Emission
energy pyramid
Genus
Grasslands
Habitat
Herbicide
Herbivore
Heterotroph
Lichens
limiting agent
Mutualism
Niche
nitrogen cycle
nitrogen fixing bacteria
Omnivore
ozone layer
parasite/ parasitism
PCBs
Pesticide
pioneer organisms
Pollutant
Population
Predator
Prey
Producer
Saprophyte
savannah
species
Succession
symbiosis/ symbiotic
Taiga
temperate deciduous
forest
trophic levels
Tundra
water cycle

Multiple Choice:

1. The ability of an organism to obtain food, seek shelter, and avoid predators is most directly related to the function of

1 reproduction 3 locomotion

2 egestion 4 excretion

2. An example of a population is

1 all the Zapus hudsonicus in New York

State

2 all the fish in Lake Erie

3 the number of different species of Felis

in a geographic area

4 the number of maples, white oaks,

spruce, gray squirrels, and owls in a

forest

3. Differences between the members of a population will most likely be passed to future generations if they are

1 due to genetic changes and result in

unfavorable variations

2 due to genetic changes and result in

favorable variations

3 not due to genetic changes and result in

unfavorable variations

4 not due to genetic changes and result in

favorable variations

4 The maintenance of a self-sustaining ecosystem requires a

1 constant temperature

2 greater number of herbivores than

producers

3 cycling of materials between organisms

and their environment

4 soil that is acidic

5 Animals that feed exclusively on herbivores are known as

1 primary consumers 3 omnivores

2 carnivores 4 producers

6 As water cycles through an ecosystem, which process returns it to the atmosphere?

1 hydrolysis 3 condensation

2 evapotranspiration 4 cyclosis

7 In a food web, which organisms are necessary for the recycling of nitrogen?

1 frogs 3 snakes

2 grasshoppers 4 bacteria

12 Which type of biome occupies the largest area of Earth?

1 marine 3 tropical rain forest

2 grassland 4 temperate deciduous forest

13 The action of decomposers in the nitrogen cycle most directly aids in the

1 synthesis of proteins from nitrates

2 removal of nitrogen compounds from

the atmosphere

3 restoration of nitrogen compounds to the

soil

4 fixation of atmospheric nitrogen

14 Many more species of plants and animals live in a tropical forest than live in a desert. This difference is most likely due to the fact that, compared to a tropical forest, a desert

1 has less available sunlight

2 contains soil with sand

3 contains less water

4 has more carbon dioxide in the

atmosphere

Base your answers to questions 16 through 18 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.

16 Which term belongs in area A?

1 mutualism 3 saprophytism

2 prey 4 host

17 Which phrase belongs in area B?

1 protozoa within termites

2 athlete’s foot fungus on humans

3 nitrogen-fixing bacteria within legume

nodules

4 orchids on tropical trees

18 Organisms that are always part of the relationship indicated by letter C may be classified as

1 bryophytes 3 scavengers

2 parasites 4 carnivores

19 A student observes a small pond community and notices that many geese are hatched there each spring. The baby geese feed on the grass surrounding

the pond. The snapping turtles in the

pond feed on the baby geese. Which pyramid of energy correctly illustrates these relationships?

21 Which group of organisms is an example of a population?

1 leopard frogs in a stream

2 birds in Colorado

3 reptiles in the Sahara Desert

4 trees in a forest

22 Which statement concerning an ecosystem is correct?

1 It can exist with or without a constant

source of energy input.

2 It must contain consumers but can exist

without producers.

3 It involves interactions between biotic

and abiotic factors.

4 It can exist on land, but it cannot exist in

lakes, rivers, or oceans.

23 Which term refers to the behavior of two species attempting to use the same living space, food source, and water source?

1 saprophytic 3 predatory

2 competitive 4 symbiotic

24 In the diagram below, which organism is classified as both a primary and a secondary consumer?

Base your answers to questions 26 and 27 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

An ecologist passed through different

biomes while driving up a high mountain.

At the lowest elevation (sea level), the ecologist saw deep-green vegetation, many birds, and small mammals. At the highest elevation, the ecologist saw bare rock, very little vegetation, and few birds.

26 Which sequence of biomes did the ecologist most likely pass through while driving from the lowest elevation to the highest elevation of this

mountain?

1 grassland àtundra à taiga

2 taiga àtundra àtemperate deciduous forest

3 tundra à temperate deciduous forestà taiga

4 temperate deciduous forest àtaiga àtundra

27 Which change was most likely encountered as the ecologist drove up the mountain?

1 an increase in the diversity of species

2 an increase in the amount of atmospheric

oxygen

3 a decrease in temperature

4 a decrease in latitude

28 The diagram below shows a food pyramid.

Which level of the food pyramid contains consumers

with the least biomass?

1 snakes 3 crickets

2 frogs 4 green plants

29 Acacia trees provide food for a species of ant that lives on them. The ants defend the acacia tree from grasshoppers and beetles. This relationship between the ant and acacia tree is best described as

1 commensalism 3 parasitism

2 mutualism 4 saprophytism

30 Which pair of organisms represents a predator/prey relationship?

1 owl and mouse

2 protozoan and termite

3 tapeworm and dog

4 deer and apple tree

31Atmospheric nitrogen can only be used by most living things after it has been

1 converted to nitrates with the help of

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

2 taken in by plants through the lenticels

3 converted to ammonia by bacteria of

decay

4 combined with carbon dioxide to form

protein

32 Which two factors are abiotic limiting factors that affect organisms in marine biomes?

1 amount of algae and wide temperature

variations

2 amount of carbon dioxide and variety of

producer organisms

3 amount of moisture and variety of

consumer organisms

4 amount of oxygen and concentration of

dissolved salts

33 The first living things to grow successfully on a newly formed sand dune are known as

1 saprophytes 3 carnivorous plants

2 pioneer organisms 4 heterotrophs

35 A pond surrounded by a beech-maple forest dries up. What will most likely happen if the pond remains dry for one more year?

1 A beech-maple forest will replace the

pond.

2 No further change will occur in the area

previously covered by the pond.

3 Grasses will most likely grow on the

bottom of the dried-up pond.

4 The pond will fill in due to seasonal

dieback of aquatic vegetation.

36 A certain plant requires moisture, oxygen, carbon dioxide, light, and minerals in order to survive. This statement shows that a living organism depends on

  1. biotic factors

2. abiotic factors

3. symbiotic relationships
4. carnivore-herbivore relationships

37 Which is a biotic factor operating within an ecosystem?

1. the type of climate in a given region

2. the carnivores that consume other

animals

3. the amount of helium gas in the air

4. the rate of flow of water in a river

38 All of Earth's water, land, and atmosphere within which life exists is known as

1.  a population

  1. a community
  2. a biome
  3. the biosphere

39 Most autotrophs store energy in the form of

1. starches 3. water
2. carbon dioxide 4. nucleic acids

40 Which life process is classified as autotrophic in some organisms and heterotrophic in other organisms?

1. hormonal regulation

2. nutrition

3. anaerobic respiration

4. transport

41 Which waste product of a grasshopper may be retained and used in other metabolic activities?

1. water 3. carbon dioxide

2. uric acid 4. feces


42 Events that take place in a biome are shown in the diagram below. Which information formation is represented in the diagram?

1. Respiration and photosynthesis are interrelated

2. Transpiration and condensation are related to the water cycle.

3. Decomposers release a material that is acted on by other organisms.

4. Predators and their prey are involved in many interactions.

46 Certain bacteria living in a human's large intestine help to produce vitamin K. This relationship is an example of
1. animal parasitism 3. commensalism

2. plant parasitism 4. mutualism

Base your answers to 47 and 48 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram illustrates the relationships between the organisms in a certain pond.

47 In addition to sunlight, another factor needed to make this a self-sustaining ecosystem would be the presence of….

1. producers

2. primary consumers

3. decomposers
4. higher order consumers

50 All the plants, animals, and protists living in a forest make up a

1. population 3. species
2. community 4. phylum

51 A rocky island appears as oceanic waters recede. Which of the following forms of vegetation would probably appear first on the bare rocks?
1. lichens 3. shrubs
2. weeds 4. pioneer trees

short answer:

1. In a process known as biological control, natural predators that prey on plants or animal pests are used to control the population of pests. Identify example of a biological control.