More Cold War Review
US History/E. Napp Name: ______
Activity 1: Matching
1. During the 1920s and 1930s, a Communist army led by ______fought against China’s government army led by Chiang Kai-shek, head of the Nationalist party. The fighting ceased when Japan attacked China during WWII but continued after the war ended. / United Nations______
2.The United States gave economic and military aid to the Nationalists, and the ______did likewise for Mao’s Communist forces. Mao attracted peasant recruits by the millions. Chiang Kai-shek and his Nationalists were defeated in 1949 and fled to the coastal island of Taiwan. / Dividing
______
3.Through the 1960s, the United States recognized only Chiang’s Nationalist government. In the same period, the Nationalists continued to represent China in the ______, despite attempts by the Soviet Union to unseat them in favor of Mao’s Communists. / Containment
______
4. At the end of World War II, the Japanese fled from Korea as Soviets arrived from the north and Americans from the south. These two forces agreed on the 38th parallel of latitude as a temporary ______line between their zones of occupation. / Veto
______
5.After the ______began, the 38th parallel became a permanent border between North Korea with its Soviet-backed government and South Korea with its U.S. backed government. / Soviet Union
______
6.In 1950, a ______army marched into South Korea. / Cold War
______
7.President Truman followed the U.S. policy of ______by ordering U.S. troops into South Korea and calling on the U.N. to defend its government. / Mao Zedong
______
8. The Soviet Union had temporarily withdrawn its representative from the UN and thus lost its _____ power in the Security Council. / North Korean
______
9. Truman used his power as commander in chief to conduct an undeclared war in Korea; he called it a ______. / Truce
______
10. There was a stalemate near the 38th parallel and a ______was established. The 38th parallel was established as the line between North and South Korea. While Eisenhower ended the war, Truman’s goal was to save South Korea from Communist control – his goal was containment. / Police Action
______
Activity 2: Matching
1. Before WWII, the British controlled Palestine. As Nazi persecution increased, Jewish emigration to Palestine increased. In 1948, the UN General Assembly voted to divide Palestine into a Jewish state of ______and a Palestinian state for Arabs. / Communism______
2. The United States and the Soviet Union recognized these new nations, but _____ nations of the Middle East denied Israel’s right to exist. / Influence
______
3. President Eisenhower stated in 1957 that the United States would send troops to any Middle Eastern nation that requested help against ______in his Eisenhower Doctrine. /
Bay of Pigs
______
4. Before the Cold War in 1933, Franklin Roosevelt announced his ______. He pledged that in the future the USA would avoid intervening in the internal affairs of Latin America. / Invasion
______
5. In 1959, the policy of containment suffered a setback when a Cuban revolutionary named ______overthrew the military dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. / Israel
______
6. The new Communist dictator of Cuba seized American-owned properties in Cuba and established a Communist regime like that of the Soviet Union. Cuba – a nation only 90 miles from U.S. shores – had fallen under Soviet ______. / Good Neighbor Policy
______
7. When John Kennedy became president in 1961, he supported a plan, drawn up by the Eisenhower administration, for the ______of Cuba by Cuban exiles but rejected the use of U.S. air power. / Nuclear
______
8. The invasion of Cuba was launched in April, 1961, in an area known as the ______but was a complete failure. The poorly planned invasion was a great embarrassment for Kennedy. / Cuban Missile Crisis
______
9. On October 1962, U.S. spy planes photographed Soviet missiles with ______warheads in Cuba; they posed a direct threat to the neighboring U.S. mainland. / Arab
______
10. Kennedy considered an air strike against Cuba but decided to send U.S. Navy ships to intercept Soviet ships that might be carrying missiles. Fortunately, Khrushchev, the Soviet leader, agreed to turn around the missile-carrying ships and to dismantle the missiles installed in Cuba. The ______was considered a great success for President Kennedy. / Fidel Castro
______
Activity 3: Multiple-Choice
1. Both the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba (1961) and the invasion of Panama (1989) are examples of United States attempts to(1)eliminate unfriendly governments geographically close to the United States
(2)cultivate good relations with Latin American nations
(3)stop the drug trade
(4)end the Cold War
2. A common purpose of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the Eisenhower Doctrine was to
(1)carry out the United States policy of preventing the spread of communism
(2)insure the survival of the newly independent nations of Africa and Asia
(3)limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons
(4)provide medical aid to Latin American nations
3. A constitutional issue that was frequently raised about United States involvement in the Korean conflict and the Vietnam conflict was the
(1)right to regulate commerce with foreign nations
(2)use of deficit spending to finance wars
(3)lack of a formal declaration of war by Congress
(4)Supreme Court’s role in foreign policy decision-making
4. Which is a valid conclusion based on United States involvement in the Korean War?
(1)The policy of containment was applied in Asia as well as in Europe
(2)United Nations economic sanctions are more effective than military action.
(3)The American people will support United States participation in any war, whether declared or undeclared.
(4)United States cooperation with a wartime ally ends when the war ends. / 5. The Truman Doctrine and the Eisenhower Doctrine were United States foreign policies concerning
(1)the international balance of payments
(2)the containment of communism
(3)world-wide environmental pollution
(4)nuclear disarmament
6. From the end of World War II until the 1980’s, the United States carried out its foreign policy mainly by
(1)giving in to foreign demands
(2)avoiding any situation that might involve the nation in a conflict
(3)acting forcefully to obtain and control colonies
(4)taking a variety of actions to prevent the spread of communism
7. Throughout United States history, the most important aim of the country’s foreign policy has been
(1)participation in international organizations
(2)advancement of national self interest
(3)containment of communism
(4)development of military alliances
8. President John F. Kennedy supported the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba as an effort to
(1)remove a communist dictator from power
(2)stop the flow of illegal drugs to the United States
(3)support Fidel Castro’s efforts for reform
(4)rescue hostages held by Cuban freedom fighters
9. “Batista Driven from Power” “Bay of Pigs Invasion Fails” “U-2 Planes Reveal Soviet Missiles” These headlines refer to the relationship between the United States and
(1)Canada
(2)Cuba
(3)Mexico
(4)Panama
Activity 4:
CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN PRESIDENT JOHN KENNEDY AND CHAIRMAN NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV – October 22, 1962 to November 15, 1962
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN:
A copy of the statement I am making tonight concerning developments in Cuba and the reaction of my Government thereto has been handed to your Ambassador in Washington. In view of the gravity of the developments to which I refer, I want you to know immediately and accurately the position of my Government in this matter.
In our discussions and exchanges on Berlin and other international questions, the one thing that has most concerned me has been the possibility that your Government would not correctly understand the will and determination of the United States in any given situation, since I have not assumed that you or any other sane man would, in this nuclear age, deliberately plunge the world into war which it is crystal clear no country could win and which could only result in catastrophic consequences to the whole world, including the aggressor.
At our meeting in Vienna and subsequently, I expressed our readiness and desire to find, through peaceful negotiation, a solution to any and all problems that divide us. At the same time, I made clear that in view of the objectives of the ideology to which you adhere, the United States could not tolerate any action on your part which in a major way disturbed the existing overall balance of power in the world. I stated that an attempt to force abandonment of our responsibilities and commitments in Berlin would constitute such an action and that the United States would resist with all the power at its command. . . .
Moreover, the Congress adopted a resolution expressing its support of this declared policy. Despite this, the rapid development of long-range missile bases and other offensive weapons systems in Cuba has proceeded…
Sincerely,
JFK
Questions:
1-Why did President Kennedy write this letter to Khrushchev? ______
2-What did Kennedy fear Khrushchev did not fully understand? ______
3-What did Kennedy suggest Khrushchev’s actions would lead the world to? ______
4-What did Kennedy express to Khrushchev in Vienna? ______
5-What “balance” did Kennedy want to maintain? ______
6-What would the United States do if Khrushchev forced Americans to abandon their responsibilities and commitments? ______
7-According to Kennedy, what has Congress done? ______
Activity 5: Cartoon Analysis
Questions:
Who is the “dentist” or the man holding the pliers?
______
Who is the “patient”? ______
What is in the patient’s mouth? ______
Why is the “dentist” removing the patient’s “teeth”? ______
What is the caption in the political cartoon? ______
Why is the “dentist” hurt more by the procedure than the “patient”?
______
What would President Kennedy say if he was in the political cartoon? ______
Activity 5: Cartoon Analysis
The caption (in German) reads: “What do you mean: a menace? Surely it’s all right to go fishing, isn’t it?”
Questions:
1-Who is the man fishing? ______
2-Where is the man fishing? ______
3-Who is near the man fishing? ______
4-What does the man fishing say? ______
5-Who are the men watching the fisherman? ______
6-What do the expressions of the men watching the fisherman suggest? ______
7-Why is the man fishing a problem to the men watching? ______
8-What does the political cartoon suggest about the geographical relationship between Cuba and the United States? ______
9-What is the man fishing holding? ______
10-Why is it a problem that the fisherman is holding this object? ______